scholarly journals Influence of SiH4/CH4 gas flow rate ratio on the properties of a-SiC:H films showing a negative temperature coeffcient in D.C. conductivity.

Shinku ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-357
Author(s):  
Isamu NAKAAKI ◽  
Nobuo SAITO ◽  
Norihiko TANAKA ◽  
Kazutosi YOSIDA
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Negative Temperature ◽  
Flow Rate Ratio ◽  
Gas Flow Rate

scholarly journals ZnO:Al Thin Films with Buffer Layers Fabricated via Nitrogen Mediated Crystallization: Effects of N2/Ar Gas Flow Rate Ratio

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iping Suhariadi ◽  
Naho Itagaki ◽  
Kazunari Kuwahara ◽  
Koichi Oshikawa ◽  
Daisuke Yamashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Buffer Layers ◽  
Flow Rate Ratio ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Ar Gas

Growth rate, surface morphology, and defect microstructures of β–SiC films chemically vapor deposited on 6H–SiC substrates

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Kong ◽  
J. T. Glass ◽  
R. F. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Flow Rate Ratio ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Carrier Gas ◽  
Carrier Gas Flow

Beta–SiC thin films have been epitaxially grown on 6H–SiC {0001} substrates via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The growth rate increased linearly with the source/carrier gas flow rate ratio. The activation energy for the growth of β–SiC grown on the Si face of the 6H–SiC substrate was 12 Kcal/mole. These observations are consistent with a surface reaction-controlled process. The as-grown surface morphology is dependent on the terminal layer of the substrate, the growth temperature, and the source/carrier gas flow rate ratio. The C face of a 6H–SiC {0001} substrate caused a higher growth rate and thus poorer surface morphology than the Si face under the same growth conditions. The optimum temperature range for growth of a flat, mirror-like β–SiC surface was determined to be 1773–1823 K in the present CVD system. The microstructure and nucleation of double positioning boundaries were investigated via transmission and scanning electron microscopies. Triangular defects and their modifications were also observed, and their origins have been discussed.

Effect of Flow Rate of Reactive Gas on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Carbon Nitride Coatings

2018 ◽  
Vol 883 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Yan Liang Su ◽  
Sun Hui Yao ◽  
Yi Ru Wu ◽  
Cheng Yeh Lin
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Flow Rate Ratio ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Nitride Coatings ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

This study discusses the mechanical and tribological properties of a series of carbon nitride coatings deposited by unbalanced DC magnetron sputtering using nitrogen-argon mixture gas and graphite targets. The carbon nitride coatings were with varying carbon/nitrogen ratio by varying the gas flow rate ratio of nitrogen gas/argon while kept the overall gas flow rate at constant. The carbon nitride coatings with C/N ratios from 2.01 to 3.27 were obtained. The coatings were characterized and studied by nanohardness, scratching, and wear testers. It was found that the carbon nitride coatings with C/N ratio=2.36 showed the best performance of all the evaluated properties.

scholarly journals Optimization of CO2Absorption Characteristic under the Influence of SO2in Flue Gas by Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyi Qu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yunfei Yan ◽  
Shunxiang Ju
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Flow Rate Ratio ◽  
Absorption Characteristic ◽  
Membrane Contactor ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Fiber Membrane

Hollow fiber membrane contactor is a new, highly efficient, and the most promising technology for CO2absorption in flue gas. There is still SO2that exists in the flue gas after desulfurization tower of power plant. This paper studied the influence of SO2on CO2absorption characteristic in flue gas by hollow fiber membrane contactor with absorbent of EDA, EDA + MEA (0.6 : 0.4), and EDA + MEA + PZ (0.4 : 0.4 : 0.2). The influences of SO2concentration, cycle absorption and desorption characteristic of absorbent, absorbent concentration, and liquid-gas flow rate ratio are studied to analyze the influence of SO2on CO2absorption characteristic. The appropriate absorbent composition ratio and appropriate parameter range that can inhibit the influence of SO2are proposed by studying the hybrid sorbent with activating agent, appropriate absorbent concentration, and ratio of liquid-gas flow rate. Among the three kinds of absorbents, EDA + MEA + PZ (0.4 : 0.4 : 0.2) had the best tolerance ability to SO2and the highest efficiency. With comprehensive consideration of CO2removal efficiency and operating cost, under the condition of 1000 ppm SO2, the appropriate concentration and liquid-gas flow rate ratio of EDA, EDA + MEA, and EDA + MEA + PZ are proposed.

Dependence of Gas Bubble Diameter from the Gas Flow Rate in Upward Two-Phase Flow in an Inclined Flat Channel

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
Anastasia Gorelikova ◽  
Oleg Kashinsky ◽  
Vyacheslav Randin ◽  
Aleksandr Chinak
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Bubbly Flow ◽  
Bubble Diameter ◽  
Flow Rate Ratio ◽  
Flat Channel ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Gas Liquid Flow

Experimental study of heat transfer and wall shear stress in an upward bubbly flow in an inclined flat channel is presented. The measurements were performed in the range of superficial liquid velocities 0.31.1 m/s and different values of volumetric gas flow rate ratio. Measurements of hydrodynamic structure were carried out by electrochemical method using a miniature sensors of friction. The values of average friction and heat transfer coefficient at different orientations of the channel were determined. It is shown that there is a significant dependence of friction and heat transfer on the channel inclination angle in the gas-liquid flow

SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENT FUEL USE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY GAS COMBUSTION IN STOVE PLATES. PART 1. MODERN STATE-OF-THE-ART AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT THE GAS BURNING IN DOMESTIC GAS COOKERS

2017 ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Soroka ◽  
V.V. Horupa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Gas Stoves

Natural gas NG consumption in industry and energy of Ukraine, in recent years falls down as a result of the crisis in the country’s economy, to a certain extent due to the introduction of renewable energy sources along with alternative technologies, while in the utility sector the consumption of fuel gas flow rate enhancing because of an increase the number of consumers. The natural gas is mostly using by domestic purpose for heating of premises and for cooking. These items of the gas utilization in Ukraine are already exceeding the NG consumption in industry. Cooking is proceeding directly in the living quarters, those usually do not meet the requirements of the Ukrainian norms DBN for the ventilation procedures. NG use in household gas stoves is of great importance from the standpoint of controlling the emissions of harmful components of combustion products along with maintenance the satisfactory energy efficiency characteristics of NG using. The main environment pollutants when burning the natural gas in gas stoves are including the nitrogen oxides NOx (to a greater extent — highly toxic NO2 component), carbon oxide CO, formaldehyde CH2O as well as hydrocarbons (unburned UHC and polyaromatic PAH). An overview of environmental documents to control CO and NOx emissions in comparison with the proper norms by USA, EU, Russian Federation, Australia and China, has been completed. The modern designs of the burners for gas stoves are considered along with defining the main characteristics: heat power, the natural gas flow rate, diameter of gas orifice, diameter and spacing the firing openings and other parameters. The modern physical and chemical principles of gas combustion by means of atmospheric ejection burners of gas cookers have been analyzed from the standpoints of combustion process stabilization and of ensuring the stability of flares. Among the factors of the firing process destabilization within the framework of analysis above mentioned, the following forms of unstable combustion/flame unstabilities have been considered: flashback, blow out or flame lifting, and the appearance of flame yellow tips. Bibl. 37, Fig. 11, Tab. 7.

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