scholarly journals PLANNING CONCEPTS DESCRIBED IN“THE DOCUMENTS ON LAND RE-ADJUSTMENT PLANNING”AND URBAN DESIGN IN THE POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROVINCIAL TOWNS IN KAGOSHIMA PREFECTURE

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (671) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Junne KIKATA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Kagoshima Prefecture ◽  
Post War ◽  
Planning Concepts

scholarly journals Unrealised monumental sculpture as an architectural and artistic component of urban planning concepts on the example of the Bolshoy Moskvoretsky bridge

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-485
Author(s):  
Sergei B. Tkachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
General Plan ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction ◽  
Monumental Sculpture ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Architectural Structures ◽  
Post War ◽  
Planning Concepts ◽  
Artistic Image

Built according to the designs of outstanding architects, bridges constructed in Moscow during the 1930s can be classified as philosophically-meaningful aesthetic structures having the ability to affect both contemporaries and their descendants. The object of the study consisted of the Bolshoy Moskvoretsky bridge, occupying a special urban development position among Moscow's architectural structures due to its location at the crossroads of the central historical and ideological core of the capi-tal. According to the General Plan of 1935, the Moskvoretsky bridge was intended as the most impor-tant of the four priority bridges. The main ideological message assigned to it was to lead to Red Square forming the ideological hub of world communism the cradle of the socialist world with the funerary mau-soleum of the ever-living leader at its centre. The study examines the design stages of the Moskvoretsky bridge during the pre-war period, as well as the creative confrontation in the post-war period between architect A.V. Shchusev and sculptor V.I. Mukhina that characterised the artistic image of the Moskvoretsky bridge. The study is aimed at the examination of incentive grounds for the emer-gence of a plastic solution and the reasons for the incompleteness of an outstanding work by A.V. Schusev. General scientific methods of research (analysis, synthesis), as well as a number of par-ticular scientific methods, such as system-structural, formal-logical, graphical virtual reconstruction, complex research and others, were used in the work. Additionally, an inclusion in scientific research of methodological approaches for studying the consequences of non-implementation of urban planning concepts and projects was performed. The results of the research are presented by the proprietary de-velopment of approaches to adequate methods of determining the potential impact of unimplemented major urban planning projects on the formation of the capital of Russia on the example of the Moskvoretsky bridge.

scholarly journals REPLACEMENT OF URBAN SPACE: ESTONIAN POST-WAR TOWN PLANNING PRINCIPLES AND LOCAL STALINIST INDUSTRIAL TOWNS

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siim Sultson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Soviet Occupation ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One

The presented paper focuses on Estonian urban space research concerning both replacement of urban heritage and establishment of new urban design within the period of mid 1940s and 1950s. On the one hand, Stalinist principles brought by Soviet occupation reminded independent Estonian 1930s town planning ambitions. On the other hand, the new principles formulated a new paradigm that was unfamiliar to local urban space tradition. Estonian urban space was compelled to follow the Soviet doctrine by concept, forms and building materials. Sometimes suffering irrational demolitions the towns got axially arranged representative, but perspective and functional plans. Some existing towns (for instance Tallinn, Pärnu, Narva) got new centres due to war wreckages and the ideological reasons. Meanwhile new industrial towns as examples of Stalinist utopia were built in East-Estonia during 1940s–1950s in order to exploit local mineral resources by the Soviet regime. In comparison with Tallinn and Pärnu urban space of East-Estonian industrial towns Kohtla-Järve and classified Sillamäe – designed in Leningrad (St. Petersburg) – still need to be researched. Though different from the rest of Estonian towns by details and materials of façades city-like centres of Sillamäe and Kohtla-Järve are rather similar to Tallinn and Pärnu by their composition.

Shenyang: the Manchurian ideal capital city and imperial palace, 1625–43

Urban History ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghua Guo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Design Models ◽  
Imperial Palace ◽  
Capital Planning ◽  
Planning Concepts ◽  
Political Governance

This paper analyses connections between culture and architecture, and between political ideology and capital planning in a region of China. It poses two crucial questions: first, what were the contrasting architectural expressions between imperial palaces in Shenyang? Second, what were the underlying planning concepts of Shenyang, and what urban design models were used to realize that concept? This study shows that the development of Manchurian architecture and planning had been a result of cultural confluence and political governance.

scholarly journals The (Post-) Soviet Built Environment: Soviet–Western Relat ions in the In dustrialised Mass Housing and its Reflections in Soviet Lithuania

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Drėmaitė
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Housing Production ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Mass Housing ◽  
Nikita Khrushchev ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Housing Programme

This paper discusses the social, political and especially the technological aspect of the post-war Soviet industrialisation of housing, focusing on the relation to Western planning and technology. The chronological scope of the paper covers the thaw in Soviet architecture and construction that began in 1954 after the well-known meeting of Soviet architects and builders initiated by Nikita Khrushchev. This study presents Soviet architects’ study trips to the West, which became crucial in changing the entire urban planning and mass housing production system in the USSR. The text examines how pan-Union mass housing industrialisation policy and practice were carried out in the 1960s in the Western periphery of the USSR, namely Soviet Lithuania, which became the leader in mass housing urban design because of the Western-oriented ambitions of Baltic architects. Thus, in the paper the modern Soviet mass housing programme is researched from the perspective of (mutations in) modernist urban planning.

scholarly journals The Social Experiences and Uses of Post-War Modernist Urban Heritage Conservation and Regeneration: London’s Southbank Centre

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-663
Author(s):  
Patricia Aelbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Social Experiences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Urban Heritage ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Incomplete Assessments ◽  
Do So

Since the 1960s, post-war modernist heritage has been largely criticised and victimised by the public opinion because of its material failures and elitist social projects. Despite these critiques, post-war modernist heritage is being reassessed, revalued and in some places successfully rehabilitated. There is a growing recognition that most of the critiques have often been the result of subjective and biased value and taste judgments or incomplete assessments that took into account neither urban design nor the users’ experiences. This paper aims to contribute to these reassessments of post-war modernist urban heritage legacies. To do so, it places the user’s social experiences and uses, and the urban design at the centre of the analysis, by using a combination of ethnographic methods and urban design analysis and focusing on the public spaces of South Bank Centre in London, the UK’s largest and most iconic and contested post-war modernist ensemble with a long history of conservation and regeneration projects. Taken together, the findings demonstrate the importance of including the users’ social experiences and uses in the conservation and regeneration agendas if we want to achieve more objective and inclusive assessments.

scholarly journals The Teotihuacan Anomaly: The Historical Trajectory of Urban Design in Ancient Central Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Preclassic Period ◽  
Specific Goal ◽  
Anomalous Character ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
Planning Concepts

AbstractThe ancient Mexican city of Teotihuacan had the most aberrant design of any city in ancient Mesoamerica. I examine similarities and differences between the design of Teotihuacan and other Mesoamerican cities. During the Preclassic period, a set of common Mesoamerican planning principles emerged. The designers of Teotihuacan rejected most of these principles in favor of a new and radical set of planning concepts. After the fall of Teotihuacan, subsequent urban planners ignored the Teotihuacan principles and returned to ancient Mesoamerican planning ideas. Elements of the Teotihuacan plan did not resurface until the Mexica of Tenochtitlan revived them for a specific goal. The historical sequence of central Mexican city layouts highlights the anomalous character of Teotihuacan’s principles of urban design within the canons of ancient Mesoamerican urbanism.

scholarly journals The Teotihuacan Anomaly: The Historical Trajectory of Urban Design in ancient Central Mexico

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Preclassic Period ◽  
Specific Goal ◽  
Anomalous Character ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
Planning Concepts

The ancient Mexican city of Teotihuacan had the most aberrant design of any city in ancientMesoamerica. I examine similarities and differences between the design of Teotihuacan and otherMesoamerican cities. During the Preclassic period, a set of common Mesoamerican planning principlesemerged. The designers of Teotihuacan rejected most of these principles in favor of a new and radical setof planning concepts. After the fall of Teotihuacan, subsequent urban planners ignored the Teotihuacanprinciples and returned to ancient Mesoamerican planning ideas. Elements of the Teotihuacan plan didnot resurface until the Mexica of Tenochtitlan revived them for a specific goal. The historical sequenceof central Mexican city layouts highlights the anomalous character of Teotihuacan’s principles of urbandesign within the canons of ancient Mesoamerican urbanism.

scholarly journals The Changing Urban Landscape of Chinese Cities: Positive and Negative Impacts of Urban Design Controls on Contemporary Urban Housing

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Cheshmehzangi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Post War ◽  
Alternative Routes

China’s contemporary urban housing is increasingly developed at mass housing scale. In recent decades, it has transformed into large scale urban design approach rather than individual architectural design. This is generally common across major Chinese cities and is also becoming the case in some township regions. The increase in mass urban housing production firstly initiated in early years after establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 and was then increased significantly from the 1970s onwards. Similar to the case of post-war European housing development in the 1950s and 1960s, China experienced a rapid transition and huge demand for new urban housing. The two decades of 1980s and 1990s are known as China’s remarkable era for rapid growth and urbanisation, which was unprecedented not only for China but also globally. In this paper, the focus is on urban design controls and their impacts on housing transitions in China by first analysing common housing typologies as well as their challenges and issues and common practices of urban design for housing projects across major cities of China. This paper argues in favour of alternative routes before concluding on the importance of detailed design and new possibilities for revised and re-evaluated urban design controls. This paper offers a set of analytical views on positive and negative impacts of urban design controls on contemporary urban housing in China. It also adds to existing research focused on urban housing transitions in China and directly linked to sectors of urban planning and urban design. This study concludes with possibilities for new directions, focused on: development of low- to midrise urban housing typology, compact urban development, and avoidance of gated community development.

Articulating Intra-Asian Urbanism: The Production of Satellite Cities in Phnom Penh

Urban Studies ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (13) ◽  
pp. 2873-2888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Percival ◽  
Paul Waley
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
East Asian Region ◽  
The Past ◽  
Planning Concepts ◽  
To Receive

Privately built satellite cities are becoming an increasingly common urban development concept in peri-urban areas of South-east Asian cities. While these projects are beginning to receive academic attention, the majority of studies have a limited capacity to explain why and how they are produced. Most satellite cities built in the past five years have some degree of foreign influence from other East Asian countries in terms of invested capital, planning concepts or urban design and architecture. The majority of this influence originates from within the East Asian region. This paper argues that an investigation which incorporates both the relational and the territorial can increase an understanding of the production of satellite cities. This argument is illustrated with empirical research on two satellite city projects in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: one by a Korean developer and another by Indonesian conglomerate Ciputra.

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