scholarly journals The Forms of Value: Problems of Convertibility in Field Theory

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Göran Bolin
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Late Capitalism ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
Media Environments ◽  
Specific Capital ◽  
Capital Value

Media production in late capitalism is often measured in terms of economic value. If value is defined as the worth of a thing, a standard or measure, being the result of social praxis and negotiation between producers and consumers in various combinations, it follows that this worth can be of other kinds than the mere economic. This is, for example, the reasoning behind field theory (Bourdieu), where the generation of field-specific capital (value) is deeply dependent on the belief shared by the competing agents within the field. The full extent of the consequences of such a theory of convertibility between fields of cultural production, centred on different forms of value, is, however yet to be explored. This is the task of this article. It especially focuses on how value is constructed differently depending on the relations of the valuing subject to the production process, something that becomes highly relevant in digital media environments, where users are increasingly drawn into the production process.

scholarly journals The Forms of Value: Problems of Convertibility in Field Theory

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Bolin
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Late Capitalism ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
Media Environments ◽  
Specific Capital ◽  
Capital Value

Media production in late capitalism is often measured in terms of economic value. If value is defined as the worth of a thing, a standard or measure, being the result of social praxis and negotiation between producers and consumers in various combinations, it follows that this worth can be of other kinds than the mere economic. This is, for example, the reasoning behind field theory (Bourdieu), where the generation of field-specific capital (value) is deeply dependent on the belief shared by the competing agents within the field. The full extent of the consequences of such a theory of convertibility between fields of cultural production, centred on different forms of value, is, however yet to be explored. This is the task of this article. It especially focuses on how value is constructed differently depending on the relations of the valuing subject to the production process, something that becomes highly relevant in digital media environments, where users are increasingly drawn into the production process.

scholarly journals Field theory approaches to new media practices: An introduction and some theoretical considerations

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (58) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Willig ◽  
Karen Waltorp ◽  
Jannie Møller Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
New Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Reflexive Sociology ◽  
Media Research ◽  
Media Practices ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Theory Framework

In this article introducing the theme of the special issue we argue that studies of new media practices might benefit from especially Pierre Bourdieu’s research on cultural production. We introduce some of the literature, which deals with the use of digital media, and which have taken steps to develop field theory in this context. Secondly, we present the four thematic articles in this issue and the articles outside the theme, which includes two translations of classic texts within communication and media research. This introduction article concludes by encouraging media scholars to embark on more studies within a field theory framework, as the ability of the comprehensive theoretical work and the ideas of a reflexive sociology is able to trigger the good questions, more than it claims to offer a complete and self-sufficient sociology of media and inherent here also new media.

'A town built on migration?' Calculating the human capital value of migration to Reading, 1851-1871

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-54
Author(s):  
Daniel James Gooch
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Net Migration ◽  
A Value ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Town ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Capital Value

This article provides an estimate of the human capital value of migration to Reading in the period 1851-1871 to the town's economy. This is determined by estimating total net migration to the town across this period by age and sex and assigning all migrants a value for expected lifetime economic output less expected lifetime consumption costs. The final figures are contextualised by comparison with the value of social overhead capital used to fund significant local infrastructure projects in the same time period and show that, from a human capital perspective, the value of migration to Reading was very significant. This article thus addresses significant historiographical gaps in the study of Victorian labour migration to southern provincial towns and provides an original perspective to studies of the economic value of migration and its role in the growth of such communities.

scholarly journals Social Media Influencer’s Reputation: Developing and Validating a Multidimensional Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Eun Ah Ryu ◽  
Eun Kyoung Han
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media

Since the introduction of smartphones in 2009, social networking services (SNS), which have seen a surge in users, facilitated changes in the media environment along with social influence that has increased the economic value and political influence of SNS. In particular, as consumers’ media use and consumption behavior change around digital media, social media plays a very important role in consumers’ lives. From this perspective, influencers who influence not only consumers’ consumption behavior, but also decision-making and opinion formation based on social media are attracting attention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop items to measure an influencer’s reputation as a new source of information in the SNS environment; no previous researchers have presented generalized measurement items for an influencer’s reputation. We intended to identify what dimensions and items in the existing literature could effectively measure a social media influencer’s reputation and to verify each item’s relevance as a measure of a social media influencer’s reputation. Based on in-depth interviews with 30 experts and empirical findings from 557 adults, this study identified dimensions that impact on a consumer’s perception of a social media influencer and developed a scale. The results showed that the social media Influencer’s Reputation scale comprises four distinctive dimensions: Communication skills, influence, authenticity, and expertise. Additionally, the reliability and validity of the scale were assessed, using exploratory and confirmatory analyses and construct validity. The findings confirmed that the social media influencer’s reputation scale measurement items, in this study, can be used as a consistent measurement tool for each dimension. It is also important to develop value in favor of the marketing strategy by increasing value through the influencer’s reputation.

scholarly journals From Culture 1.0 to Culture 3.0: Three Socio-Technical Regimes of Social and Economic Value Creation through Culture, and Their Impact on European Cohesion Policies

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier Sacco ◽  
Guido Ferilli ◽  
Giorgio Tavano Blessi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Production ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cultural Participation ◽  
Social Value Creation ◽  
Open Question ◽  
The Relationship

We develop a new conceptual framework to analyze the evolution of the relationship between cultural production and different forms of economic and social value creation in terms of three alternative socio-technical regimes that have emerged over time. We show how, with the emergence of the Culture 3.0 regime characterized by novel forms of active cultural participation, where the distinction between producers and users of cultural and creative contents is increasingly blurred, new channels of social and economic value creation through cultural participation acquire increasing importance. We characterize them through an eight-tier classification, and argue on this basis why cultural policy is going to acquire a central role in the policy design approaches of the future. Whether Europe will play the role of a strategic leader in this scenario in the context of future cohesion policies is an open question.

scholarly journals Digital Workers of the World Unite! A Framework for Critically Theorising and Analysing Digital Labour

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Fuchs ◽  
Marisol Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
New Products ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Work Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Labour Power ◽  
Mode Of Production

The overall task of this paper is to elaborate a typology of the forms of labour that are needed for the production, circulation and use of digital media. First, we introduce a cultural-materialist perspective on theorising digital labour. Second, we discuss the relevance of Marx’s concept of the mode of production for the analysis of digital labour. Third, we introduce a typology of the dimensions of working conditions. Fourth, based on the preceding sections we present a digital labour analysis toolbox. Finally, we draw some conclusions. We engage with the question what labour is, how it differs from work, which basic dimensions it has and how these dimensions can be used for defining digital labour. We introduce the theoretical notion of the mode of production as analytical tool for conceptualizing digital labour. Modes of production are dialectical units of relations of production and productive forces. Relations of production are the basic social relations that shape the economy. Productive forces are a combination of labour power, objects and instruments of work in a work process, in which new products are created. We have a deeper look at dimensions of the work process and the conditions under which it takes place. We present a typology that identifies dimensions of working conditions. It is a general typology that can be used for the analysis of any production process.

scholarly journals Production Cultures and Differentiations of Digital Labour

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Global Inequality ◽  
Digital Production ◽  
The Relationship

The article makes two theoretical interventions to engage with current scholarship on digital labour. First, the author complicates the relationship between culture and production by bringing the former from the “superstructure” in the classical Marx’s framework to the “base.” As various cultural production, consumption, and economic activities converging onto digital, networked media eco-system, digital labour is indeed the indispensable source for capitals’ accumulation of surplus and, more importantly, for cultural construction around production process. How labourers perceive their relations and interactions to the digital production process as crucial as which capacity they rely on to perform their labour. Culturalization of production process (re)draws the boundaries for desirable skills and constructs ideal digital workers with normative behaviours.  Second, precisely because the production process has become normative construction site, meanings and values of labouring are subject to broader social and cultural context including prior established global inequality and cultural differences.

scholarly journals Mengukur Kontribusi Human Capital terhadap Tujuan Perusahaan

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Brata Wibawa Djojo
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Economic Value Added ◽  
General Insurance ◽  
Factor Ii ◽  
Capital Value ◽  
Capital Return

Human capital is a valuable asset of any company, especially for competent human resources and contributes both to the company. The performance evaluation given to employees annually can be defined and standardized by the company. However, the question is how big the contribution of human resources to sales and profit contribution is. Case studies take data from one branch of a general insurance company in Indonesia, Jakarta branch. Measurement is done by taking samples of data from 2007, 2008, and 2009. The study measures the risk of several components: (i) Human Capital Revenue Factor, (ii) Human Economic Value Added, (iii) Human Capital Cost Factor, (iv) Human Capital Value Added, and (v) Human Capital Return on Investment. Results of research can provide guidelines for the management, especially for management of JLI in view of Human Capital contribution to corporate objectives, namely in terms of staffing and agency. 

News reception and authoritarian control in a hybrid media system: Russian TV viewers and the Russia-Ukraine conflict

Politics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 026339572110414
Author(s):  
Maxim Alyukov
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Television News ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Cross Media ◽  
Media System ◽  
Media Environments ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
Media Repertoires

Authoritarian regimes attempt to control the circulation of political information. Scholars have identified many mechanisms through which actors can use broadcast and digital media to challenge or sustain authoritarian rule. However, while contemporary media environments are characterised by the integration of older and newer forms of communication, little is known about how authoritarian regimes use different media simultaneously to shape citizens’ perceptions. In order to address this issue, this study relies on focus groups and investigates Russian TV viewers’ cross-media repertoires and their reception of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. It argues that some citizens evaluate state-aligned television narratives as more credible when they are reinforced by similar narratives in digital media. Citizens’ reactions to this synchronisation are predicated on their type of media use. For not very active news consumers, the reliance on digital media can verify the regime’s narratives in television news. Others can escape the synchronisation effect by actively searching online for additional information or not using digital media for news. These findings show how authoritarian regimes can utilise the advantages of hybrid media systems to shape citizens’ perceptions and specify the conditions under which citizens can escape the effects of the regime’s simultaneous use of different media.

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