scholarly journals Inequality and locational determinants of the distribution of living standards in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriram Balasubramanian ◽  
Rishabh Kumar ◽  
Prakash Loungani
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economy ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban India ◽  
Economic Migration ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Average Consumption

Using 2011-12 consumption micro-data, we find that nearly one-third of the variation in living standards in India can be explained by location alone. Consumption levels and locational inequality are positively related. In effect, from an individual’s perspective, living standards are higher in richer, but more unequal, locations in India. The central factor is the large differences in average consumption levels between rural and urban India (the latter is more unequal), and continued divergence in per-capita incomes between rich and poor states. Our results have implications for the persistence of economic migration within a fast-growing emerging economy. Individuals can choose to change their location to enjoy better living standards, but not necessarily trade other specific characteristics like caste, religion and gender.

scholarly journals Inequality and Locational Determinants of the Distribution of Living Standards in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (50) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriram Balasubramanian ◽  
Rishabh Kumar ◽  
Prakash Loungani
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban India ◽  
Economic Migration ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Average Consumption

Using 2011-12 consumption micro-data, we find that nearly one-third of the variation in living standards in India can be explained by location alone. Consumption levels and locational inequality are positively related. In effect, from an individual’s perspective, living standards are higher in richer, but more unequal, locations in India. The central factor behind these findings is the large difference in average consumption levels between rural and urban India and continued divergence in per-capita incomes between rich and poor states. Our results provide a possible explanation for the persistence of economic migration from rural to urban areas within a fast-growing emerging economy. While individuals cannot easily alter specific characteristics like their caste or religion, they have some freedom to change their location to enjoy better living standards.

Emerging Trends for High-Value Agricultural Products in India: Production, Consumption and the Nutritional Fallout

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Price Effect ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Urban India ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Indian Diet

High-value agricultural products (HVAP) have been gaining importance in India recently owing to their contribution towards improving farmers’ income and consumers’ health awareness. The study empirically examined the changing trends in the production and consumption of HVAP and the nutritional fallout in rural and urban India during 2000-2019 using regression analysis and calculation of growth rates. The results showed a growth rate of 4.3 percent in the production of HVAP and 9 percent for that per capita expenditure on food. However, the growth of per capita availability was 2.3, and 80 percent of the population had a nutritional intake lower than the recommended diet levels. The study pointed at the price effect, inadequate availability and nutritional gaps in the Indian diet.

scholarly journals Comparison of Changes in Living Standards of Poland’S Population Across Different Classes of Location Over The Years 2000–2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-188
Author(s):  
Patrycja Zwiech ◽  
Anna Turczak
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Durable Goods ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Structure Of Expenditure

Abstract The goal of this article is to verify the hypothesis that from 2000 to 2011 the discrepancies between material living standards in the countryside and cities of different sizes blurred in Poland year by year. On the basis of the research conducted it has been determined that over the first decade of the 21st century the discrepancy between the living standards in Poland’s rural and urban areas decreased in terms of the amount and structure of expenditure per capita, volume of quantitative consumption, housing conditions and household equipment including durable goods. This conclusion has been drawn because the level of examined variables, both in the countryside and cities or towns of different sizes over the years 2000–2011, approached in most cases the level observed for the whole country.

Economic Performance and Public Finance in Kenya, 1960-2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kempe Ronald Hope
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Private Savings ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Real Growth

Countries with positive per capita real growth are characterised by positive national savings—including government savings, increases in government investment, and strong increases in private savings and investment. On the other hand, countries with negative per capita real growth tend to be characterised by declines in savings and investment. During the past several decades, Kenya’s emerging economy has undergone many changes and economic performance has been epitomised by periods of stability, decline, or unevenness. This article discusses and analyses the record of economic performance and public finance in Kenya during the period 1960‒2010, as well as policies and other factors that have influenced that record in this emerging economy. 

scholarly journals Technical efficiency among agricultural households and determinants of food security in East Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachman Hakim ◽  
Tri Haryanto ◽  
Dyah Wulan Sari
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
Agricultural Households ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Land Size ◽  
Average Consumption

AbstractRice is a staple food in East Java, and the average consumption is 100 kg/capita/year. However, rice productivity has declined dramatically in recent years. Food security can be reached by improving the technical efficiency of rice farming, especially in rice farming centers such as East Java Province. This study aims to measure technical efficiency and its determinants using two limit tobit. And it also aims to examine the effect of the technical efficiency of rice farming on food security using logit regression. Technical efficiency will be measured by using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The results show that the technical efficiency of rice farming is very low in East Java. Government assistance, irrigation, and extension have a significant effect on technical efficiency. Meanwhile, membership of farmer organization has no effect on technical efficiency. Around 69% of farmers can be categorized as food secure households. The estimation of logit regression shows that household size, income, land size, education, age, and gender significantly influence food security in East Java. Meanwhile, credit and technical efficiency did not have any significant effect.

Understanding electricity billing preferences in rural and urban India: Evidence from a conjoint experiment

2021 ◽  
pp. 105735
Author(s):  
Jason Chun Yu Wong ◽  
Brian Blankenship ◽  
Johannes Urpelainen ◽  
Kanika Balani ◽  
Karthik Ganesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban India ◽  
Conjoint Experiment

scholarly journals The dynamics of population by settlements in the Guba-Khachmaz economic-geographical region

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Tural Bayramov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Geographical Region ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dynamics Of Population

The article shows and analyzes the population growth dynamics in the Guba-Khachmaz economic-geographical region, the economic region’s urban and rural population. Its share of the population of Azerbaijan for the years 1990-2015 are shown in the tables and also analyzed. The population for rural and urban sectors and the indicators of rate are shown in the map for 2016-2017 years. Also, as a result of the social survey conducted in the region, the living standards of the population as well as the employment rate in the settlements were studied, and ways to mitigate problems were identified.

scholarly journals The prevalence and risk factors for cataract in rural and urban India

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Raman ◽  
Sumeer Singh ◽  
Shahina Pardhan ◽  
Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan ◽  
Gayathri Swaminathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban India
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