scholarly journals The submissive chameleon: Third-party inferences from observing mimicry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Genschow ◽  
Hans Alves
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Interaction Partner ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Interaction Partners

Past research has shown that mimicry has a number of pro-social consequences for interaction partners. However, such research has almost exclusively focused on its effects among interaction dyads. As social interactions are often witnessed by third-party observers, the question arises which inferences perceivers draw from observing mimicry. In the present work, we apply a third-party perspective to mimicry and test whether observers perceive mimicking individuals as submissive. Experiment 1 confirmed our prediction and found that observers perceived a mimicking person as less dominant, and thus more submissive, than a mimicked person. Experiment 2 replicated this finding and ruled out possible demand effects. Experiment 3 showed that when an interaction partner does not mimic the movements initiated by another person, the interaction partner gains dominance in the eye of the observer. Experiment 4 demonstrates that the inferences that perceivers draw from observing mimicry partly rely on a mere action-response pattern. These findings have not only important implications for mimicry as a genuinely social phenomenon, but also for research on impression management and person perception.

scholarly journals Exploring Interactions between the Gut Microbiota and Social Behavior through Nutrition

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Pasquaretta ◽  
Tamara Gómez-Moracho ◽  
Philipp Heeb ◽  
Mathieu Lihoreau
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Nutritional Ecology ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nutritional Geometry ◽  
Social Animals

Microbes influence a wide range of host social behaviors and vice versa. So far, however, the mechanisms underpinning these complex interactions remain poorly understood. In social animals, where individuals share microbes and interact around foods, the gut microbiota may have considerable consequences on host social interactions by acting upon the nutritional behavior of individual animals. Here we illustrate how conceptual advances in nutritional ecology can help the study of these processes and allow the formulation of new empirically testable predictions. First, we review key evidence showing that gut microbes influence the nutrition of individual animals, through modifications of their nutritional state and feeding decisions. Next, we describe how these microbial influences and their social consequences can be studied by modelling populations of hosts and their gut microbiota into a single conceptual framework derived from nutritional geometry. Our approach raises new perspectives for the study of holobiont nutrition and will facilitate theoretical and experimental research on the role of the gut microbiota in the mechanisms and evolution of social behavior.

scholarly journals SURVEY PAPER ON WIFI COMMUNITY ON ANDROID PHONES

2016 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
NAMRATA PAWAR ◽  
SONALI CHIKHALE
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Mobile Social Networking ◽  
Mobile Middleware ◽  
Share Information

With the development of wireless communication, the popularity of android phones, the increasing of social networking services, mobile social networking has become a hot research topic. Personal mobile devices have become ubiquitous and an inseparable part of our daily lives. These devices have evolved rapidly from simple phones and SMS capable devices to Smartphone’s and now with android phones that we use to connect, interact and share information with our social circles. The Smartphone’s are used for traditional two-way messaging such as voice, SMS, multimedia messages, instant messaging or email. Moreover, the recent advances in the mobile application development frameworks and application stores have encouraged third party developers to create a huge number of mobile applications that allow users to interact and share information in many novel ways. In this paper, we elaborate a flexible system architecture based on the service-oriented specification to support social interactions in campus-wide environments using Wifi. In the client side, we designed a mobile middleware to collect social contexts such as the messaging, creating group, accessing emails etc. The server backend, on the other hand, aggregates such contexts, analyses social connections among users and provides social services to facilitate social interactions. A prototype of mobile social networking system is deployed on campus, and several applications are implemented based on the proposed architecture to demonstrate the effectiveness of the architecture.

scholarly journals Having more virtual interaction partners during COVID-19 physical distancing measures may benefit mental health

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Razia S. Sahi ◽  
Miriam E. Schwyck ◽  
Carolyn Parkinson ◽  
Naomi I. Eisenberger
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
Virtual Interaction ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
Virtual Interactions ◽  
Health And Well Being

AbstractSocial interactions play an extremely important role in maintaining health and well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated physical distancing measures, however, restricted the number of people one could physically interact with on a regular basis. A large percentage of social interactions moved online, resulting in reports of “Zoom fatigue,” or exhaustion from virtual interactions. These reports focused on how online communication differs from in-person communication, but it is possible that when in-person interactions are restricted, virtual interactions may benefit mental health overall. In a survey conducted near the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (N2020 = 230), we found that having a greater number of virtual interaction partners was associated with better mental health. This relationship was statistically mediated by decreased loneliness and increased perceptions of social support. We replicated these findings during the pandemic 1 year later (N2021 = 256) and found that these effects held even after controlling for the amount of time people spent interacting online. Convergent with previous literature on social interactions, these findings suggest that virtual interactions may benefit overall mental health, particularly during physical distancing and other circumstances where opportunities to interact in-person with different people are limited.Open Science Framework repository: https://osf.io/6jsr2/.

scholarly journals Online Review Solicitations Reduce Extremity Bias in Online Review Distributions and Increase Their Representativeness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hülya Karaman
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Online Review ◽  
Customer Reviews ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Online Word Of Mouth ◽  
Online Customer Reviews ◽  
Internet Economy ◽  
Online Ratings ◽  
Extreme Distribution

Representative online customer reviews are critical to the effective functioning of the Internet economy. In this study, I investigate the representativeness of online review distributions to examine how extremity bias and conformity impact it and explore whether online review solicitations alter representativeness. Past research on extreme distribution of online ratings commonly relied solely on observed public online ratings. One strength of the current paper is that I observe the private satisfaction ratings of customers regardless of whether they choose to write an online review or not. I show that both extremity bias and conformity exist in unsolicited online word-of-mouth (WOM) and introduce online review solicitations as a mechanism that can partially de-bias ratings. Solicitations increase all customers’ engagement in online WOM, but if solicited, those with moderate experiences increase their engagement more than those with extreme experiences. Consequently, although extremity bias still exists in solicited online WOM, solicitations significantly increase the representativeness of rating distributions. Surprisingly, the results demonstrate that without conformity, unsolicited online WOM would be even less representative of the original customer experiences. Furthermore, I document that both solicited and unsolicited reviews equally overstate the average customer experience (compared with average private ratings) despite stark differences in their rating distributions. Finally, I establish that solicitations for reviews on the company-owned website, on average, decrease the number of one-star reviews on a third-party review platform. This paper was accepted by Eric Anderson, marketing.

scholarly journals Transformative experience and social connectedness mediate the mood-enhancing effects of psychedelic use in naturalistic settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 2338-2346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Forstmann ◽  
Daniel A. Yudkin ◽  
Annayah M. B. Prosser ◽  
S. Megan Heller ◽  
Molly J. Crockett
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Transformative Experience ◽  
Positive Effects

Past research suggests that use of psychedelic substances such as LSD or psilocybin may have positive effects on mood and feelings of social connectedness. These psychological effects are thought to be highly sensitive to context, but robust and direct evidence for them in a naturalistic setting is scarce. In a series of field studies involving over 1,200 participants across six multiday mass gatherings in the United States and the United Kingdom, we investigated the effects of psychedelic substance use on transformative experience, social connectedness, and positive mood. This approach allowed us to test preregistered hypotheses with high ecological validity and statistical precision. Controlling for a host of demographic variables and the use of other psychoactive substances, we found that psychedelic substance use was significantly associated with positive mood—an effect sequentially mediated by self-reported transformative experience and increased social connectedness. These effects were particularly pronounced for those who had taken psychedelic substances within the last 24 h (compared to the last week). Overall, this research provides robust evidence for positive affective and social consequences of psychedelic substance use in naturalistic settings.

scholarly journals What Are Meaningful Social Interactions in Today’s Media Landscape? A Cross-Cultural Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 205630512094288
Author(s):  
Eden Litt ◽  
Siyan Zhao ◽  
Robert Kraut ◽  
Moira Burke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
Community Ties ◽  
Integrate Technology ◽  
New Framework

As we increasingly integrate technology into our lives, we need a better framework for understanding social interactions across the communication landscape. Utilizing survey data in which more than 4,600 people across the United States, India, and Japan described a recent social interaction, this article qualitatively and quantitatively explores what makes an interaction meaningful. A qualitative analysis of respondents’ own words finds that meaningful interactions are those with emotional, informational, or tangible impact that people believe enhance their lives, the lives of their interaction partners, or their personal relationships. A quantitative analysis predicting respondents’ ratings of recent interactions finds the attributes most likely to facilitate meaningfulness include strong ties (e.g., friends and family), community ties (e.g., neighbors), shared activities, and synchronicity; meaningful social interactions are also more likely to be planned in advance and memorialized with photos or videos. These attributes are consistent across cultures. Although popular rhetoric often juxtaposes people’s online lives against their offline lives, this research finds in-person interactions can be just as meaningful as technology-mediated interactions. We conclude with a new framework for thinking about social interactions more holistically.

Does this Smile Make me Look White? Exploring the Effects of Emotional Expressions on the Categorization of Multiracial Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 218-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven O. Roberts ◽  
Kerrie C. Leonard ◽  
Arnold K. Ho ◽  
Susan A. Gelman
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
Multiracial Children ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Previous research shows that Multiracial adults are categorized as more Black than White (i.e., Black-categorization bias), especially when they have angry facial expressions. The present research examined the extent to which these categorization patterns extended to Multiracial children, with both White and Black participants. Consistent with past research, both White and Black participants categorized Multiracial children as more Black than White. Counter to what was found with Multiracial adults in previous research, emotional expressions (e.g., happy vs. angry) did not moderate how Multiracial children were categorized. Additionally, for Black participants, anti-White bias was correlated with categorizing Multiracial children as more White than Black. The developmental and cultural implications of these data are discussed, as they provide new insight into the important role that age plays in Multiracial person perception.

“Let Me Show You How Nice I Am”: Impression Management as Bias in Empathic Responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 752-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Sassenrath
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Additional Experiment ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Desirable Response ◽  
Response Biases

Past research showed that empathic responses are confounded with social desirability. The present research aims at illuminating this confound. In a first step, it is examined how a measure typically implemented to screen, for response, biases based on social desirability (i.e., the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding) relate to classical measures of interindividual differences in empathic responses (i.e., the Interpersonal Reactivity Index). Moreover, it is investigated what happens to empathic responses under conditions of reduced opportunity to behave socially desirable. Results of two correlational studies indicate that impression management (IM) as well as self-deceptive enhancement as facets of a socially desirable response bias is related to self-reported empathic responses. Results of an additional experiment show that introducing conditions reducing opportunity for IM lowers empathic responses toward a person in need. Implications for research on self-reported empathy and empathy-induced prosocial behavior are discussed.

scholarly journals Stigma-Based Rejection Experiences Affect Trust in Others

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-316
Author(s):  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Manuela Barreto ◽  
David Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Interaction Partner

Rejection experiences are likely to influence individuals’ subsequent feelings about others and their behavior in social interactions. The present study specifically examined whether stigma-based rejection leads to decreased trust in others, compared to rejections that are not stigma based. Trust was assessed behaviorally with an online task where the interaction partner was preprogrammed. Participants showed less trust after stigma-based rejection than after a nonstigma-based rejection. This research provides the first experimental evidence that stigma-based rejection uniquely influences trust in others.

scholarly journals The physical boundaries of public goods cooperation between surface-attached bacterial cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1858) ◽  
pp. 20170631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Weigert ◽  
Rolf Kümmerli
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Natural Conditions

Bacteria secrete a variety of compounds important for nutrient scavenging, competition mediation and infection establishment. While there is a general consensus that secreted compounds can be shared and therefore have social consequences for the bacterial collective, we know little about the physical limits of such bacterial social interactions. Here, we address this issue by studying the sharing of iron-scavenging siderophores between surface-attached microcolonies of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Using single-cell fluorescence microscopy, we show that siderophores, secreted by producers, quickly reach non-producers within a range of 100 µm, and significantly boost their fitness. Producers in turn respond to variation in sharing efficiency by adjusting their pyoverdine investment levels. These social effects wane with larger cell-to-cell distances and on hard surfaces. Thus, our findings reveal the boundaries of compound sharing, and show that sharing is particularly relevant between nearby yet physically separated bacteria on soft surfaces, matching realistic natural conditions such as those encountered in soft tissue infections.

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