Sex differences in response to marketing of an emotional distress helpline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fhionna Moore ◽  
Trevor Harley ◽  
Mairi Macleod ◽  
Naomi Robertson ◽  
Ellie Bower
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Online Advertising ◽  
Call Rate ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Multi Media ◽  
Female Call ◽  
Rate Female ◽  
Over Time

We tested efficacy of marketing on rates of calls to a Scottish emotional distress helpline from men and women. Study 1: billboard advertising mediated a positive relationship between population density and male call rate. Female call rate was predicted by advertising on public transport. Over time (2012-13), calls from men were predicted by cinema and online advertising and from women by cinema, online, and public transport advertising. Study 2: male call rate increased overall in parallel with increased outdoors advertising in rural regions. Over time (2012-17), male call rate was predicted by advertising via radio, billboards and online, and female call rate by online advertising. In conclusion, men and women respond differently to multi-media advertising of an emotional distress helpline.

scholarly journals The Double Standard of Aging for Men and Women: Evidence From Across Europe, 2006–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
Richard Settersten ◽  
Jack Day ◽  
Gunhild Hagestad
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Double Standard ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Variation Explained ◽  
Cultural Constructions ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Is there a “double standard” (i.e., a harsher judgment) in the perceived ages at which women and men reach old age, and have these judgments changed over time? We use European Social Survey data from 23 countries in 2006 and newly released data from 16 of those countries in 2018. In both 2006 and 2018, men typically assign women substantially earlier ages than women themselves do. In some places, however, men also give themselves lower ages than women give them. With respect to when women become old, the differential views of men and women are persistent. So is the fact that women differentiate less between the sexes¬–though men differentiate less in 2018 relative to 2006. We use multilevel modeling to examine variation explained by both individual characteristics and country indicators of demographic and policy contexts. Findings underscore the significance of the double standard in cultural constructions of aging.

scholarly journals A longitudinal study on emotional distress among local government staff seven years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunge Fan ◽  
Lili Guan ◽  
Hu Xiang ◽  
Xianmei Yang ◽  
Guoping Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
One Year ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background The current study examined the change in local government staff’s emotional distress over 7 years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, and the influence of earthquake exposure and professional quality of life (ProQOL) on emotional distress. Methods This longitudinal study assessed 250 participants at 1 year after the earthquake; 162 (64.8%) were followed up at 7 years. Emotional distress was assessed with the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) at both time points. We assessed ProQOL, including compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress, and earthquake exposure at 1 year. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were performed to test longitudinal changes in emotional distress. Hierarchical multiple regression was conducted to examine the effect of earthquake exposure and ProQOL. Results The positive screening rate of emotional distress (SRQ ≥ 8) was 37.6 and 15.4% at one and 7 years, respectively. Emotional distress scores declined over time (p < 0.001). Earthquake exposure and ProQOL predicted one-year (ps < 0.05) but not seven-year emotional distress, whereas burnout predicted both one-year (p = 0.018) and seven-year (p = 0.047) emotional distress. Conclusions Although emotional distress can recover over time, it persists even 7 years later. Actions to reduce burnout during the early stage of post-disaster rescue have long-term benefits to staff’s psychological outcomes.

scholarly journals Gender and payments for environmental services: impacts of participation, benefit-sharing and conservation activities in Viet Nam

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pamela McElwee ◽  
Huệ Thị Văn Lê ◽  
Tuyến Phương Nghiêm ◽  
Hương Diệu Vũ ◽  
Nghị Hữư Trần
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Payments For Environmental Services ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Women Participation ◽  
Over Time

Abstract There has been a rapid expansion in the use of payments for environmental services (PES) as a key conservation finance policy. However, there is insufficient understanding of how gender can affect PES implementation and outcomes. We present results from a case study in Viet Nam, where a national PES programme has been in place for a decade. Through panel household survey data, focus groups and interviews, we examined how women have been involved in PES policies, what the impacts have been on decision-making by men and women, participation rates and use of PES income over time, and the potential conservation outcomes. Our research confirms that resource use varies between men and women, and changes in access rights can fall disproportionately on women. Participation in PES has been lower for female-headed households and for women within male-headed households, although gradually more equitable participation has evolved within households. Female-headed households reported expending more yearly effort on PES activities despite protecting less land, and also increased their conservation activities over time as they presumably became more familiar with PES. Use of income from PES also showed differences between male and female-led households, with men more likely to spend funds on non-essential goods. Within households, although men initially decided how to spend PES money, decision-making has become more equitable over time. We conclude with some recommendations on how to increase attention to gender in PES projects and future research to improve outcomes.

FC 068QUALITY OF LIFE OVER TIME IN OLDER MEN AND WOMEN WITH ADVANCED CKD - RESULTS FROM THE EQUAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Chesnaye ◽  
Yvette Meuleman ◽  
Esther De Rooij ◽  
Friedo W Dekker ◽  
Marie Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
P Value ◽  
Joint Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Linear Interaction ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background and Aims Differences between the sexes are apparent in the epidemiology of CKD. Cross-sectional studies show that women consistently report a poorer health-related quality of life (QoL) than men, however, longitudinal studies are lacking. Here we investigate the sex-specific evolution of QoL over time in advanced CKD. As a secondary aim, we explore the sex-specific determinants of QoL. Method EQUAL is an observational prospective cohort study in stages 4 and 5 CKD patients ≥65 years not on dialysis with an incident estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt; 20 ml/min/1.73m². Data on QoL (measured using the RAND-36), clinical and demographic patient characteristics were collected between April 2012 and September 2020. QoL trajectories were modelled by sex using linear mixed models, and joint models were applied to deal with informative censoring. We followed patients until death or dialysis initiation. Results We included 5151 QoL measurements in 1416 patients over a total of 1986 person years of follow-up. Overall, the physical component summary (PCS) declined with 2.0 (95% CI 1.4-2.6) points and the mental component summary (MCS) by 2.4 (95% CI 1.8-3.0) points per year. Although women had overall lower QoL scores, figure 1 demonstrates that PCS and MCS declined more than twice as fast in men (PCS: 2.4 per year, 95% CI 1.7 – 3.1, MCS: 2.9 per year, 95% CI 2.2 – 3.6) compared with women (PCS: 1.1 per year, 95% CI -0.2 – 2.0, MCS: 1.5 per year, 95% CI 0.5 – 2.4). We identified a non-linear interaction effect between sex and eGFR levels on QoL, demonstrating a stronger negative effect of decreased eGFR on both PCS (p=0.02) and MCS (p=0.04) in men compared with women. Subsequent adjustment for renal decline attenuated the difference in rate of QoL decline between men and women (difference after adjustment; PCS: 1.1, 95% CI -0.1 – 2.2, MCS: 1.2, 95% 0.0 – 2.3). In univariable analyses, higher serum haemoglobin was more beneficial to QoL in men compared to women (p-value for interaction; PCS: p=0.03, MCS: p=0.01). Higher serum phosphate had a strong harmful effect on both PCS and MCS in men, but not in women (PCS & MCS: p&lt;0.001). The presence of pre-existing diabetes had a negative effect on PCS and MCS in men, but to a lesser extent in women (PCS: p=0.02, MCS: p=0.01). Conclusion Despite the higher overall QoL reported by men, both their physical and mental QoL declined approximately twice as fast compared with women. The faster decline in men was mediated in part by their lower levels of renal function, which had a stronger impact on their QoL as compared with women. Furthermore, in exploratory analyses we identified that high levels of phosphate, low levels of haemoglobin, and pre-existing diabetes were more detrimental to QoL in men than in women.

Women and Men: 1760–1960

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
German History ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Separate Spheres ◽  
The One ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Welfare State

This article is about the power of a norm and its mutation over time: the gender role division of the private nuclear family composed of a male provider and protector, and his dependent children and homemaker wife. Those roles corresponded to rigid distinctions that were made between a male public world of work, money, and politics, on the one hand, and a female private sphere of reproduction and nurturance, on the other. These were prescribed ideals of gender. However, as such, the ideals have had tremendous power, shaping personal identity and the daily lives of men and women, as well as influencing the development of the state, civil society, politics, and the economy, according to a vast and growing scholarship. This article highlights the powerful role played by the norm of separate spheres over two centuries of German history along with the development of civil society and the welfare state.

scholarly journals Male and Female Partner-Caregivers’ Burden: Does It Get Worse Over Time?

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1103-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joukje C Swinkels ◽  
Marjolein I Broese van Groenou ◽  
Alice de Boer ◽  
Theo G van Tilburg
Keyword(s):  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Female Partner ◽  
General View ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background and Objectives The general view is that partner-caregiver burden increases over time but findings are inconsistent. Moreover, the pathways underlying caregiver burden may differ between men and women. This study examines to what degree and why partner-caregiver burden changes over time. It adopts Pearlin’s Caregiver Stress Process Model, as it is expected that higher primary and secondary stressors will increase burden and larger amounts of resources will lower burden. Yet, the impact of stressors and resources may change over time. The wear-and-tear model predicts an increase of burden due to a stronger impact of stressors and lower impact of resources over time. Alternatively, the adaptation model predicts a decrease of burden due to a lower impact of stressors and higher impact of resources over time. Research Design and Methods We used 2 observations with a 1-year interval of 279 male and 443 female partner-caregivers, derived from the Netherlands Older Persons and Informal Caregivers Survey Minimum Data Set. We applied multilevel regression analysis, stratified by gender. Results Adjusted for all predictors, caregiver burden increased over time for both men and women. For female caregivers, the impact of poor spousal health on burden increased and the impact of fulfillment decreased over time. Among male caregivers, the impact of predictors did not change over time. Discussion and Implications The increase of burden over time supports the wear-and-tear model, in particular for women. This study highlights the need for gender-specific interventions that are focused on enabling older partners to be better prepared for long-term partner-care.

scholarly journals Widening or narrowing income inequalities in myocardial infarction? Time trends in life years free of myocardial infarction and after incidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Tetzlaff ◽  
Fabian Tetzlaff ◽  
Siegfried Geyer ◽  
Stefanie Sperlich ◽  
Jelena Epping
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mortality Risks ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Despite substantial improvements in prevention and therapy, myocardial infarction (MI) remains a frequent health event, causing high mortality and serious health impairments. Previous research lacks evidence on how social inequalities in incidence and mortality risks developed over time, and on how these developments affect the lifespan free of MI and after MI in different social subgroups. This study investigates income inequalities in MI-free life years and life years after MI and whether these inequalities widened or narrowed over time. Methods The analyses are based on claims data of a large German health insurance provider insuring approximately 2.8 million individuals in the federal state Lower Saxony. Trends in income inequalities in incidence and mortality were assessed for all subjects aged 60 years and older by comparing the time periods 2006–2008 and 2015–2017 using multistate survival models. Trends in the number of life years free of MI and after MI were calculated separately for income groups by applying multistate life table analyses. Results MI incidence and mortality risks decreased over time, but declines were strongest among men and women in the higher-income group. While life years free of MI increased in men and women with higher incomes, no MI-free life years were gained in the low-income group. Among men, life years after MI increased irrespective of income group. Conclusions Income inequalities in the lifespan spent free of MI and after MI widened over time. In particular, men with low incomes are disadvantaged, as life years spent after MI increased, but no life years free of MI were gained.

scholarly journals The Road to Parenthood: Income and First Births in Sweden

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 31-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Germán Silva
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Income Effect ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Over Time

This paper considers the effect of income on the risk of having the first births in Sweden from 1968 to 2009. Variations by gender are given particular atention. The study follows men and women from the moment they turn 18 until they enter parenthood and it is based on register-based data covering the entire population of Sweden. Complementary log-log models show that there is a positive association between income and the risk of childbearing. The association gets stronger over time and the differences between men and women diminish. Gender differences appear when the income effect is related to the demand for work in the economy. An income above the median does not increase the risk of childbearing for women when the demand for work is relatively high.

Psychometric Properties of 7- and 30-Day Versions of the PROMIS Emotional Distress Item Banks in an Australian Adult Sample

Assessment ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Batterham ◽  
Matthew Sunderland ◽  
Natacha Carragher ◽  
Alison L. Calear
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Online Advertising ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Australian Population ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Item Banks

This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the PROMIS depression, anxiety, and anger item banks in a large Australian population-based sample. The study tested for unidimensionality; evaluated invariance across age, gender, and education; assessed local independence; and tested item bank scores as an indicator for clinical criteria. In addition, equivalence of the 7-day time frame against an alternative 30-day time frame was assessed. A sample of 3,175 Australian adults were recruited into the study through online advertising. All three item banks showed strong evidence of unidimensionality and parsimony, with no items showing local dependence. All items were invariant across age, gender, and education. The item banks were accurate in detecting clinical criteria for major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder, although legacy measures designed for this purpose sometimes performed marginally better. Responses to the 30-day time frame were highly consistent with the original 7-day time frame. The study provided support for the validity of the PROMIS emotional distress item banks as measures of depression, anxiety, and anger in the Australian population, supporting the generalizability of the measures. The time frame chosen for assessing mental health outcomes using these item banks should be based on pragmatic considerations.

Changing minds via collective action: Exposure to the 2017 Women’s March predicts decrease in (some) men’s gender system justification over time

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 678-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Saguy ◽  
Hanna Szekeres
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Us ◽  
Gender System ◽  
Over Time

Even though social change efforts are largely aimed at impacting upon public opinion, there is an overwhelming scarcity of research on the potential consequences of collective action. We aimed to fill this gap by capitalizing on the widespread 2017 Women’s March that developed across the US and worldwide in response to Donald Trump’s inauguration. We assessed changes in gender system justification of men and women over time—before and right after the Women’s March ( N = 344). We further considered participants’ level of gender identification and reported levels of exposure to the march as predictors of change. Results showed that gender system justification decreased over time, but only among low-identified men with relatively high exposure to the protests. For men highly identified with their gender, gender system justification actually increased with greater exposure to the protests. For women, we did not observe changes in gender system justification. Implications for collective action and for gender relations are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document