scholarly journals Carpet or cárcel: the effect of age of acquisition and language mode on bilingual lexical access

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Brick
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Lexical Access ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Age Of Acquisition ◽  
Lexical Competition ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Spanish Cohort

Lexical access was examined in English-Spanish bilinguals by monitoring eye fixations on target and lexical competitors as participants followed spoken instructions in English to click on one of the objects presented on a computer (e.g., ‘Click on the beans’). Within-language lexical competitors had a phoneme onset in English that was shared with the target (e.g., ‘beetle’). Between-language lexical competitors had a phoneme onset in Spanish that was shared with the target (‘bigote’, ‘mustache’ in English). Participant groups varied in their age-of-acquisition of English and Spanish, and were examined in one of three language modes (Grosjean, 1998, 2001). A strong within- language (English) lexical competition (or cohort effect) was modulated by language mode and age of second language acquisition. A weaker between-language (Spanish) cohort effect was influenced primarily by the age-of-acquisition of Spanish. These results highlight the role of age-of- acquisition and mode in language processing. They are discussed in comparison to previous studies addressing the role of these two variables and in terms of existing models of bilingual word recognition.Canseco-Gonzalez, E., Brehm, L., Brick, C., Brown-Schmidt, S., Fischer, K., & Wagner, K. (2010). Carpet or cárcel: the effect of age of acquisition and language mode on bilingual lexical access. Language and Cognitive Processes, 25(5), 669-705. doi.org/10.1080/01690960903474912

The asymmetric contribution of consonants and vowels to phonological similarity

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Turnbull ◽  
Sharon Peperkamp
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Lexical Access ◽  
Phonological Similarity ◽  
Lexical Competition ◽  
Lexical Priming ◽  
Precise Nature ◽  
Auditory Lexical Decision ◽  
Unrelated Condition

Abstract Lexical priming is known to arise from phonological similarity between prime and target, and this phenomenon is an important component of our understanding of the processes of lexical access and competition. However, the precise nature of the role of phonological similarity in lexical priming is understudied. In the present study, two experiments were conducted in which participants performed auditory lexical decision on CVC targets which were preceded by primes that either matched the target in all phonemes (CVC condition), in the first two phonemes (CV_ condition), the last two phonemes (_VC condition), the initial and last phonemes (C_C condition) or no phonemes (unrelated condition). Relative to the unrelated condition, all conditions except CV_ led to facilitation of response time to target words. The _VC and C_C conditions led to equivalent facilitation magnitude, while the CV_ condition showed neither facilitation nor inhibition. Accounting for these results requires appeal to processes of lexical competition and also to the notion that phonemes do not lend equivalent phonological similarity; that is, vowels and consonants are processed differently.

scholarly journals Determinants of lexical access in speech production: Role of word frequency and age of acquisition

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Cuetos ◽  
Bernardo Alvarez ◽  
María González-Nosti ◽  
Alain Méot ◽  
Patrick Bonin
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Lexical Access ◽  
Age Of Acquisition

scholarly journals Carpet or Cárcel: The effect of age of acquisition and language mode on bilingual lexical access

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enriqueta Canseco-Gonzalez ◽  
Laurel Brehm ◽  
Cameron A. Brick ◽  
Sarah Brown-Schmidt ◽  
Kara Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Access ◽  
Age Of Acquisition ◽  
Effect Of Age

Language use affects proficiency in Italian–Spanish bilinguals irrespective of age of second language acquisition

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABRIZIO DE CARLI ◽  
BARBARA DESSI ◽  
MANUELA MARIANI ◽  
NICOLA GIRTLER ◽  
ALBERTO GRECO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Age Of Acquisition ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Language Practice ◽  
Spanish Bilinguals

The role of age of acquisition (AoA) in reaching native-like proficiency in second language is controversial. The existence of a critical period and the effect of AoA have been questioned by studies testing lexical and/or morphosyntactic skills, and by functional brain exploration. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of AoA and language practice on proficiency in a bilingual pragmatic task and its relationship with cognitive skills. The study involved a group of Italian–Spanish bilinguals, classified according to their AoA and language use. All participants performed a pragmatic bilingual test and a battery of cognitive tests. A multivariate analysis showed significant effects of language use and cognitive skills and a non-significant effect of AoA. These results indicate that continued language practice is a major factor influencing high bilingual proficiency, irrespective of AoA, suggesting that proficiency may be weakened when bilingual experience becomes occasional or ceases.

scholarly journals Microstructural plasticity in the bilingual brain

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiyi Luo ◽  
Veronica P.Y. Kwok ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Wenlong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Age Of Acquisition ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Lexical Competition

AbstractThe human brain has been uniquely equipped with the remarkable ability to acquire more than one language, as in bilingual individuals. Previous neuroimaging studies have indicated that learning a second language (L2) induced neuroplasticity at the macrostructural level. In this study, using the quantitative MRI (qMRI) combined with functional MRI (fMRI) techniques, we quantified the microstructural properties and tested whether second language learning modulates the microstructure in the bilingual brain. We found significant microstructural variations related to age of acquisition of second language in the left inferior frontal region and the left fusiform gyrus that are crucial for resolving lexical competition of bilinguals’ two languages. Early second language acquisition contributes to enhance cortical development at the microstructural level.Significant statementThe ability to communicate in two languages is becoming more and more important in the increasingly global community. Does learning a second language (L2) affect the human brain development? At the macrostructural level, there has been neuroimaging evidence revealing neuroplasticity induced by the acquisition of L2. Here, we employed the quantitative MRI technique to investigate the microstructural variations related to L2 learning, and found that age of acquisition of L2, but not its proficiency, is associated with cortical proliferation. Early second language acquisition seems to enhance cortical development at the microstructural level.

Könyvismertetések

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-265
Author(s):  
István Fekete ◽  
Mária Gósy ◽  
Rozália Eszter Ivády ◽  
Péter Kardos
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Perception And Action

DianePecherés RolfA. Zwaan(szerk.): Grounding cognition: The role of perception and action in memory, language, and thinking (Fekete István)     253 CsépeValéria: Az olvasó agy (Gósy Mária) 256 Kormos, Judit: Speech production and second language acquisition (Ivády Rozália Eszter)      260 MarosánGyörgy: Hogyan készül a történelem? (Kardos Péter) 263

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