scholarly journals Cognitive Biases and Religious Belief: A path model replication in the Czech Republic and Slovakia with a focus on anthropomorphism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiyana Koka Willard ◽  
Lubomir Cingl ◽  
Ara Norenzayan
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Belief In God ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs ◽  
Path Models ◽  
Supernatural Beliefs ◽  
Nationally Representative

A previous study explored the cognitive biases that underlie individual differences in supernatural beliefs using path models in samples of Canadian and Americans (Willard and Norenzayan, 2013). We replicated and extended these path models in new nationally representative samples from the Czech Republic and Slovakia (total N = 2022). As in the original model, we found that anthropomorphism was unrelated to belief in God, but was consistently related to paranormal beliefs. Living in a highly religious area was related to a lower tendency to anthropomorphize. We further examined this relationship and found that anthropomorphism is related to belief in God for non-religious participants only, and is inversely related to belief in God among religious Slovaks, but not religious Czechs. These findings suggest that religious beliefs and societal context can change the relationship between cognitive biases and supernatural beliefs.

scholarly journals Cognitive Biases and Religious Belief: A Path Model Replication in the Czech Republic and Slovakia With a Focus on Anthropomorphism

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiyana K. Willard ◽  
Lubomír Cingl ◽  
Ara Norenzayan
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Belief In God ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Cultural Similarity

We examined cognitive biases that underlie individual differences in supernatural beliefs in nationally representative samples from the Czech Republic and Slovakia (total N = 2,022). These countries were chosen because of their differing levels of religious belief despite their cultural similarity. Replicating a previous study with North American samples, we found that anthropomorphism was unrelated to belief in God but was consistently related to paranormal beliefs. Living in a highly religious area was related to a lower tendency to anthropomorphize. We examined this relationship further to find that anthropomorphism was related to belief in God for nonreligious participants, was inversely related to belief in God among religious Slovaks, and not related for religious Czechs. These findings suggest that anthropomorphism predicts belief in God for people who are unaffiliated, but this relationship disappears or is reversed for religious believers participating in a Christian religious tradition.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Hybrid Constructed Wetland Performance and Reuse of Treated Wastewater in Agricultural Irrigation

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1165
Author(s):  
Michal Šereš ◽  
Petra Innemanová ◽  
Tereza Hnátková ◽  
Miloš Rozkošný ◽  
Alexandros Stefanakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Fertilizing Effect ◽  
Reuse Of Treated Wastewater

Agriculture is being negatively affected by the decrease in precipitation that has been observed over the last few years. Even in the Czech Republic, farmers are being urged to irrigate their fields despite the fact that sources of water for irrigation are rapidly being depleted. This problem might be partially solved via the reuse of treated wastewater in certain agricultural sectors. However, the public perception of the reuse of wastewater remains negative primarily due to unknown risks to the environment and public health. To overcome this barrier, a semi-operated irrigation field was established at Kostelec nad Ohří in the Central Bohemian region of the Czech Republic and planted with common garden crops such as tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and lettuces (Lactuca sativa L.) irrigated with two different water sources, i.e., treated wastewater from a local nature-based treatment system, a hybrid constructed wetland (HCW), and local fresh water from well. The HCW was put into operation in 2017 and was reconstructed in 2018 and includes both horizontal and vertical flow beds; the trial irrigation field was added in the same year. The reconstruction of the facility significantly enhanced the removal efficiency with respect to all monitored parameters, e.g., biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), N–NH4+, total N and the suspended solids (TSS), except for total P. The HCW also ensured the significant removal of several observed pathogenic microorganisms (E. coli, intestinal enterococci and thermotolerant coliforms). During the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons, we observed the significantly enhanced growth of the crops irrigated with wastewater from the HCW due to the fertilizing effect. The risks associated with the contamination of crops irrigated with treated water are not negligible and it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to them, especially when introducing irrigation with wastewater into practice.

Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Body Mass Index in the Czech Republic: A Nationally Representative Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 903-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Mitáš ◽  
Ding Ding ◽  
Karel Frömel ◽  
Jacqueline Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Nationally Representative

Background:Post-communist countries have experienced rapid economic development and social changes, which have been accompanied by changes in health-related lifestyle behaviors, such as physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of domain-specific physical activity and total sedentary time with BMI among adults in the Czech Republic.Methods:We surveyed a nationally representative sample (n = 4097) of the Czech Republic in fall 2007 using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (long form). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine associations of physical activity, sedentary time and sociodemograhic characteristics with BMI.Results:Older age, lower educational attainment, and lower levels of leisure-time physical activity were associated with higher BMI. Compared with those living in large cities, men living in small towns and women living in small villages had higher BMI.Conclusions:This study has identified correlates of BMI in the Czech Republic. Although more evidence from longitudinal studies is needed, findings from the current study can inform interventions to prevent the rising obesity epidemic.

scholarly journals Moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of the western Hercynian mountains, Sokolov open-cast coal mines and dumps (Czech Republic)

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-292
Author(s):  
Jan Ježek ◽  
Jozef Oboňa ◽  
Ivo Přikryl ◽  
Blanka Mikátová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Open Cast

Abstract New faunistic data of Psychodidae (Diptera) from Western Bohemia are presented (266 sites explored in 1993-2010, incl. literary data). Altogether 96 species of moth flies (adults) of 36 genera (55 % of all species of the family known from the Czech Republic are known to occur in the western Hercynian mountains, Sokolov open-cast coal mines, dumps and adjacent localities. 26 of these species were classified in the national Red List 2005 of threatened invertebrates. Critically endangered species CR (14), endangered species EN (4), vulnerable species VU (8) and without a Red status so far are two species nationally scarce NS. An extreme water chemistry of some mine localities (pH, alkalinity, N-NH4+, N-NO3−, N org., total N, total P, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cl−, SO42−, Mn and conductivity) in a relation to collected adults were studied. The relationship between site altitude of all localities and the number of species as well as critically endangered species is accounted.

Employment Experience and Organisational Commitment: An East-West European Comparison

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Gallie ◽  
Dobrinka Kostova ◽  
Pavel Kuchar
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Work Organisation ◽  
Organisational Commitment ◽  
Transitional Societies ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
European Comparison ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
State Socialist ◽  
East West

This paper compares the level of organisational commitment in three former state socialist societies (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Slovakia) with that in a market-based society (Britain). Among the former state socialist societies, Bulgaria represents the country that had remained closest to the patterns of work organisation that prevailed before 1989, whereas the Czech Republic and Slovakia had moved further towards marketisation. The analysis draws on data from nationally representative surveys of the workforce in the four countries. The results show that organisational commitment was lower in all of the former state socialist societies than in Britain, but that it was lowest of all in the societies that were more fully engaged in the transition to a market economy. There is evidence that the patterns of work organisation typical of state socialism did have the effect of lowering commitment, most importantly because of the way they restricted initiative and self-determination in work. However, it seems likely that this was exacerbated in the case of the transitional societies by sharper aspirations for work enrichment and by the greater unpredictability of organisational developments in a rapidly changing environment.

Social variation in size at birth and preterm delivery in the Czech Republic and Sweden, 1989-91

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koupilova ◽  
Vagero ◽  
Leon ◽  
Pikhart ◽  
Prikazsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Social Variation ◽  
Size At Birth

On Geropsychology in the Czech Republic

GeroPsych ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Hana Stepankova ◽  
Eva Jarolimova ◽  
Eva Dragomirecka ◽  
Irena Sobotkova ◽  
Lenka Sulova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Rehabilitation Research

This work provides an overview of psychology of aging and old age in the Czech Republic. Historical roots as well as recent activities are listed including clinical practice, cognitive rehabilitation, research, and the teaching of geropsychology.

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