Loneliness is associated with greater cognitive distance between the self and a close friend

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laureta Kokici ◽  
Gratiela Chirtop ◽  
Heather Jane Ferguson ◽  
Andrew Martin
Keyword(s):  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Close Friend ◽  
The Self ◽  
Depth Of Processing ◽  
Cognitive Distance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Loneliness describes the distressing experience associated with perceived social disconnection. Despite the clear links between loneliness and mental and physical health, relatively little is known about how loneliness affects cognition. To assess the effects of loneliness on cognitive distance between the self and others, participants completed an implicit memory task for adjectives encoded in relation to the self, a close friend, or a celebrity. We assessed item memory accuracy and sensitivity, and depth of processing was assessed through source monitoring and metamemory performance. In addition, participants reported their trait loneliness and depression. An overall self-referential advantage was identified compared with both friend and celebrity encoded items. Likewise, a friend-referential advantage was identified compared to celebrity-encoded items. Metacognitive sensitivity (sensitivity of confidence for correct and incorrect responses) and metacognitive bias (confidence regardless of accuracy) showed a similar pattern. Lonelier individuals showed a greater self-referential bias in comparison to words encoded in relation to a close friend, coupled with a smaller friend-referential bias in comparison to words encoded in relation to celebrity. More depressed individuals also showed a greater self-referential bias in comparison to words encoded in relation to a close friend, but this did not explain the relationship with loneliness. Therefore, perceived social isolation (loneliness) is reflected in a greater cognitive distance between self and close friends and this operates independent of depression. The results have important implications for understanding the social contextual effects on memory and the cognitive ramifications of loneliness.

scholarly journals Investigation of the relationship between children's prosocial behaviour and self-regulation skills

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-886
Author(s):  
İsa Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Behavior Scale ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between children's prosocial behavior and self-regulation skills. To collect the data of the study, demographic information form developed by the researcher was used for the demographic information of children, the prosocial behavior sub-dimension of the social behavior scale was used for the prosocial behavior, and the self-regulation skills scale was used for the self-regulation skills of the children. The collected data were analyzed by independent sample t-test, Pearson’s product moment correlation analysis and simple linear regression analysis in a computer package software. As a result of the research, while the self-regulation and prosocial behaviors of children differed according to gender and age of children, the situation of the children whether they have siblings and duration of the pre-school education did not make any significant difference. According to these results, girls' self-regulation and prosocial behavior scores were higher than that of boys and 6 years of age children’s scores were higher than that of 5 years of age children. While there was a moderate positive significant relationship between self-regulation skills and prosocial behavior, it was concluded that the prosocial behavior of children predicted self-regulation skills at the level of 11%.   Keywords: Prosocial behavior, self-regulation skills, early childhood, preschool

scholarly journals A Preliminary Investigation Into the Relationship Between Autistic Traits and Self-Compassion

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412095724
Author(s):  
Abby Howes ◽  
Gareth Richards ◽  
John Galvin
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
The Social ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Compassion Scale

Self-compassion refers to the extension of kindness to oneself when faced with feelings of inadequacies, shortcomings or failures. It is possible that individuals high in autistic traits may encounter difficulties with self-compassion, and this could be particularly pronounced due to the social challenges they might face. To explore this potential relationship, we recruited university students and members of the general population to an online survey (n = 176). Participants completed measures on demographics, autistic traits, and self-compassion. We found that autistic traits were indeed negatively correlated with self-compassion in both males and females. Interestingly, a comparison of the slopes showed significantly stronger relationships in males compared to females for the negative (but not the positive) subscales of the self-compassion scale. Although speculative at this point, it is possible that self-compassion acts as a mediator between autistic traits and psychopathology. With this in mind, further work is warranted to determine whether self-compassion could be a target for therapeutic intervention.

scholarly journals KONSEP DIRI DAN KEBERMAKNAAN HIDUP PADA REMAJA DI PANTI ASUHAN

Proyeksi ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Kharisma Nail Mazaya ◽  
Ratna Supradewi
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Service Unit ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara empiris hubungan antara konsep diri dengan kebermaknaan hidup pada remaja putri di Panti Asuhan Sunu Ngesti Tomo Jepara. Hipotesis yang diajukan yaitu ada hubungan positif antara konsep diri dengan kebermaknaan hidup pada remaja di Panti Asuhan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua remaja  penghuni panti asuhan di bawah UPT Dinas Sosial Propinsi Jawa Tengah. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja penghuni Panti Asuhan Ngesti Tomo Jepara, berusia antara 15 sampai 21 tahun. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan  purpossive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 51 orang. Kedua variabel dalam penelitian ini diukur dengan menggunakan skala kebermaknaan hidup dan konsep diri. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu teknik korelasi product moment. Hasil analisis data diperoleh nilai korelasi rxy = 0,595 dengan p= 0,000 (p < 0,01). Hal ini menunjukkan ada hubungan positif yang sangat signifikan antara konsep diri dengan kebermaknaan hidup pada remaja di Panti Asuhan Sunu Ngesti Utomo Jepara. Artinya semakin tinggi konsep diri yang dimiliki remaja maka, semakin tinggi pula kebermaknaan hidupnya. Sebaliknya semakin rendah konsep diri yang dimilikinya, maka semakin rendah pula kebermaknaan hidupnya. Hasil dari uji korelasi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis diterima. Kata kunci : konsep diri, kebermaknaan hidup, remaja, Panti Asuhan.  SELF CONCEPT AND LIFE MEANINGFULNESS AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN ORPHANAGE Abstract This study aimed to empirically determine the relationship between self-concept and meaningfulness of life among adolescent girls in the orphanage Sunu Ngesti Tomo Jepara. The hypothesis proposed that there is a positive relationship between self-concept and meaningfulness of life in adolescents at the Orphanage. The populations in this study were all young residents of the orphanage under the Social Service Unit of Central Java Province. The samples in this study were juvenile orphanage residents Ngesti Tomo Jepara, aged between 15 to 21 years. The sampling method using purposive technique whereas the amount of samples amount was 51. Both variables in this study were measured using a scale of meaningfulness of life and self-concept. Data analysis technique used is product moment correlation technique.The results of analysis of data obtained correlation values rxy = 0.595 with p = 0.000 (p <0.01). This suggests there was a very significant positive relationship between self-concept and meaningfulness of life in adolescents at the Orphanage Sunu Ngesti Utomo Jepara. This means that the higher the self-concept that the adolescent has, the higher the meaningfulness of life. Conversely the lower the self-concept has, then the lower the meaningfulness of life. The results of correlation test showed that the hypothesis is accepted. Keywords: Self concept, meaningfulness of life, teenager, orphanage

Conversation and Design

2008 ◽  
pp. 59-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranulph Glanville
Keyword(s):  
Design Education ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Setting ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
Conversation Theory ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores the relationship between the activity of design and conversation—particularly as developed in Gordon Pask’s Conversation Theory. Design and conversation are seen as analogous, so that design can be understood as a conversation held, generally, with the self (via paper and pencil). I argue that design has been a conversational activity since long before we started exploring conversation, and that design education is, itself, also conversational. This being so, conversational approaches are already the norm in design education. The benefit of considering design and conversation together in an educational setting is not so much to improve one or the other, but to understand each better through the mirror the other provides. Other aspects of design (such as the social working in the studio) are also related to this conversational understanding. It is argued that design is a powerful, alternative and fundamental way of working and being in the world, not poor science, and that Pask’s conversation theory helps us better understand both its power and its validity.

Shyness, Egocentricity, and Psychopathology: Their Relationships among Nonhospitalized Individuals and Mental Hospital Patients

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 995-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Hospital ◽  
The Self ◽  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

To investigate the relationship between shyness and egocentricity in both psychiatric (hospitalized) and nonhospitalized groups, 162 adult men and women diagnosed as paranoid or undifferentiated schizophrenic, and a control group of 162 nonhospitalized individuals matched for age and gender were studied. Shyness was assessed on the Social Reticence Scale and egocentricity by the Self-focus Sentence Completion. Analysis indicated that the patients were more shy than nonhospitalized individuals. Paranoid schizophrenics were not different from undifferentiated schizophrenics on egocentricity and the Self-focus Sentence Completion subscales. Nonhospitalized individuals and the mental hospital patients were egocentric on the Self-focus Sentence Completion. For this reason, relationships among shyness, egocentricity, and psychopathology could not be demonstrated.

Self, Society, and Repression in Babel: A Psychoanalytic Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
A.M. Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Production ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social World ◽  
The Self ◽  
External Reality ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
Psychoanalytic Perspective ◽  
The Relationship

As the prevailing studies tend to neglect how media depict the sociological question about the relationship between self and society and the dualism between pleasure and reality in modern society, this article examines this important issue by analyzing the award-winning film Babel by using a psychoanalytic perspective. Based on textual analysis of the film’s storylines, this article argues that Babel not only substantially represents the relationship between self and society, but also depicts the continuing tension and dualism between them. This is seen in the storylines of its characters that illustrate the relationship between sexual drives and social regulations. For the sake of social interests and cultural production, pleasure is repressed by external reality and sexuality is repressed through socially sanctioned sexual regulations. The self must attempt to balance between libidinal desire and social control to enter the normality of the social world.

scholarly journals Making Sense of Shame

Philosophy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
James Laing
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Evaluation ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sense Of Shame ◽  
The Way

Abstract In this paper, I argue that we face a challenge in understanding the relationship between the ‘value-oriented’ and ‘other-oriented’ dimensions of shame. On the one hand, an emphasis on shame's value-oriented dimension leads naturally to ‘The Self-Evaluation View’, an account which faces a challenge in explaining shame's other-oriented dimension. This is liable to push us towards ‘The Social Evaluation View’. However The Social Evaluation View faces the opposite challenge of convincingly accommodating shame's ‘value-oriented’ dimension. After rejecting one attempt to chart a middle course between these extremes, I argue that progress can be made if we reject the widespread assumption that the other-oriented dimension of shame is best understood primarily terms of our concern with the way we appear to others. Instead, I outline an account which treats shame as manifesting our desire primarily for interpersonal connection and which elucidates the property of shamefulness in terms of merited avoidance (or rejection).

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PENERIMAAN DIRI PADA ORANGTUA TERHADAP KREATIVITAS INDIVIDU DENGAN ASD DENGAN MODERATOR DUKUNGAN SOSIAL PADA ORANGTUA

WACANA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Adika El Nino
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Acceptance ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Everyone is born with different conditions. On such condition is that individuals are born with ASD conditions. Even with the different conditions, but individuals still have the potential that can be developed. One of these potentials is related to creativity. With the self-acceptance and perceived social support by parents, parents are expected to be able to practice parenting that is suitable for individuals with ASD to develop their potential. The study involved 34 students with autistic and parents in three districts and one municipality in the Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. There instruments used were the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking-Figural, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Scale of Self-acceptance. Findings from this study indicate that self-acceptance in parents can not predict of individuals with ASD. Then, the social support felt by parents can predict the creativity of individuals with ASD. In addition, social support for parents does not act as a moderator in the relationship between self-acceptance in parents and the creativity of individuals with ASD. This is not in line with previous findings.

Self-Esteem and Conservatism among Female College Students

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence N. Houston ◽  
Susan I. Springer
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
College Women ◽  
College Major ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Older Students ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
White College

In view of the previously reported relationship between self-esteem and authoritarianism as well as the promulgated kinship between authoritarianism and conservatism, this study used the Janis and Field Selfesteem Inventory and the Conservatism Scale to evaluate the relationship between self-esteem and conservatism for 93 white college women. R was .06 between the scales; older students were significantly less conservative than younger ones, Jews less conservative than both Catholics and Protestants, and students majoring in the social sciences were significantly less conservative than those majoring in either literature-arts or mathematics-natural sciences. There were no statistically significant differences for age, religion, or college major on the self-esteem inventory.

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