scholarly journals Variety of the drift pumice clasts from the 2021 Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba eruption, Japan.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenta Yoshida ◽  
Yoshihiko Tamura ◽  
Tomoki Sato ◽  
Takeshi Hanyu ◽  
Yoichi Usui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Volume ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Equilibrium Temperature ◽  
Diffusion Profile ◽  
Colored Glass ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Nansei Islands ◽  
Spherical Vesicles

Pumice rafts that arrived at the Nansei Islands, Japan, provided a unique opportunity to investigate the Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba (FOB) eruption of August 2021. Despite drifting for two months for >1300 km, the drift pumice raft had a large volume and contained a variety of pumice clasts, some of which were deposited during a high tide in a typhoon, while others were washed up on a sandy beach. Most of the drift pumice clasts are gray in color, vesicular, and have a groundmass containing black enclaves, which are similar to those collected in the ocean near FOB about one week after the eruption. Rare black pumice and the main gray pumice components have similar trachytic compositions, with SiO2 = 61–62 mass% and total alkalis = 8.6–10 mass% (on an anhydrous basis). Both pumice types contain clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and rare olivine phenocrysts. Thin-section observations show that the gray pumice has more elongated vesicles as compared with the black pumice that has spherical vesicles, even where the two types of pumice are in the same clast. The glass in the black pumice is transparent and brown in color, while that in the gray pumice is colorless. No micro or nano-crystals were observed during electron and optical microscopy in the brown domain. Raman spectra of the brown-colored glass exhibit a clear magnetite peak, suggesting magnetite nanolites cause the brown color. High-Mg (100 × Mg/[Mg+Fe] = 92) olivine in the black pumice has an equilibrium temperature of 1240 °C and a rim diffusion profile indicative of re-equilibration with the surrounding melt over a period of hours to days.The textural relationships between the gray and black pumice suggest that the black pumice had become black and viscous before the two types of pumice mixed. Therefore, crystallization of magnetite nanolites and a corresponding increase in melt viscosity were important in the eruption preparation process, which then resulted in a large-scale Plinian eruption.

scholarly journals Reconstitution of contractile actomyosin rings in vesicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Litschel ◽  
Charlotte F. Kelley ◽  
Danielle Holz ◽  
Maral Adeli Koudehi ◽  
Sven K. Vogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Actin Ring ◽  
Actin Networks ◽  
Mechanical Transformation ◽  
Myosin Motors ◽  
Spherical Vesicles ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Encapsulation Methods

AbstractOne of the grand challenges of bottom-up synthetic biology is the development of minimal machineries for cell division. The mechanical transformation of large-scale compartments, such as Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs), requires the geometry-specific coordination of active elements, several orders of magnitude larger than the molecular scale. Of all cytoskeletal structures, large-scale actomyosin rings appear to be the most promising cellular elements to accomplish this task. Here, we have adopted advanced encapsulation methods to study bundled actin filaments in GUVs and compare our results with theoretical modeling. By changing few key parameters, actin polymerization can be differentiated to resemble various types of networks in living cells. Importantly, we find membrane binding to be crucial for the robust condensation into a single actin ring in spherical vesicles, as predicted by theoretical considerations. Upon force generation by ATP-driven myosin motors, these ring-like actin structures contract and locally constrict the vesicle, forming furrow-like deformations. On the other hand, cortex-like actin networks are shown to induce and stabilize deformations from spherical shapes.

scholarly journals Author Correction: High-resolution, large-scale laboratory measurements of a sandy beach and dynamic cobble berm revetment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris E. Blenkinsopp ◽  
Paul M. Bayle ◽  
Daniel C. Conley ◽  
Gerd Masselink ◽  
Emily Gulson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
Laboratory Measurements

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00874-2.

Synchronous Issue of IR-Based Large Scale Volume Localization System

2014 ◽  
Vol 496-500 ◽  
pp. 1643-1647
Author(s):  
Ying Feng Wu ◽  
Gang Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Network Synchronization ◽  
Localization System ◽  
Localization Performance ◽  
The Mean

IR-based large scale volume localization system (LSVLS) can localize the mobile robot working in large volume, which is constituted referring to the MSCMS-II. Hundreds cameras in LSVLS must be connected to the control station (PC) through network. Synchronization of cameras which are mounted on different control stations is significant, because the image acquisition of the target must be synchronous to ensure that the target is localized precisely. Software synchronization method is adopted to ensure the synchronization of camera. The mean value of standard deviation of eight cameras mounted on two workstations is 12.53ms, the localization performance of LSVLS is enhanced.

Blood Volumes, Blood Distribution and Sea-Water Spaces in Relation to Expansion and Retraction of the Foot in Bullia (Gastropoda)

1964 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-854
Author(s):  
A. C. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Large Volume ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Blood Distribution ◽  
Blood Volumes

1. The expansion and retraction of the foot has been studied in the prosobranchiate sandy-beach gastropod, Bullia. 2. In Bullia the foot is capable of an unusually great expansion, but this is not dependent upon an unusually large volume of blood. 3. Radiographical investigations have shown that on retraction blood flows direct from the pedal sinus to the visceral sinus system without passing through the heart, kidney or gill. 4. Investigation of the jets of water produced on retraction has shown that in the expanded animal the visceral region within the shell is surrounded by sea water. 5. The roles of blood movement and of contraction of the columella muscle, and also various other aspects of the circulation, are discussed.

scholarly journals FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF BEDFORMS IN A RIP CHANNEL ON A MACRO-TIDAL BEACH

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Antony Thorpe ◽  
Jon Miles ◽  
Gerd Masselink ◽  
Paul Russell ◽  
Tim Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Beach ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Rip Current ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Sand Ripple ◽  
Current Maximum ◽  
Offshore Flow ◽  
And Migration

A Sand Ripple Profiler (SRP) was deployed in a rip channel on a dissipative sandy beach to measure bedform height (∆), length (λ) and migration rate (Mr¬) throughout a macro-tidal cycle with an offshore significant wave height of 0.7 m and peak period of 10 s. At lower tidal elevations in the strong offshore flow of the rip current (maximum = 0.4 m/s) bedforms (∆ = 0.15 m, λ = 3 m) were found to migrate offshore (Mr = 0.21 m/hr). Outside of active rip current conditions (water depth (h) = >~2.5 m) bedforms were found to be of smaller scale (∆ = 0.09 – 0.12 m, λ = 1 – 1.2 m) migrating onshore at a rate of 0.35 m/hr at mid tide (h = 3.3 m) and 0.03 m/hr at high tide (h = 6.3 m). Onshore migration rates were found to increase with increased wave skewness and velocity variance.

scholarly journals A Practical Guide for Analyzing Large-Scale Assessment Data Using Mplus: A Case Demonstration Using the Program for International Assessment of Adult Competencies Data

2020 ◽  
pp. 107699862097855
Author(s):  
Takashi Yamashita ◽  
Thomas J. Smith ◽  
Phyllis A. Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Data Preparation ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Scale Assessment ◽  
International Assessment

In order to promote the use of increasingly available large-scale assessment data in education and expand the scope of analytic capabilities among applied researchers, this study provides step-by-step guidance, and practical examples of syntax and data analysis using Mplus. Concise overview and key unique aspects of large-scale assessment data from the 2012/2014 Program for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) are described. Using commonly-used statistical software including SAS and R, a simple macro program and syntax are developed to streamline the data preparation process. Then, two examples of structural equation models are demonstrated using Mplus. The suggested data preparation and analytic approaches can be immediately applicable to existing large-scale assessment data.

Large-Scale Migration Patterns of Wastewater-Induced Earthquakes in the Central U.S.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Johann ◽  
Serge A. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Induced Earthquakes ◽  
Injection Rates

<p>It is understood that the recent acceleration of seismic event occurrences in Kansas and Oklahoma, U.S., can be connected to the large-volume disposal of wastewater. These highly saline fluids are co-produced with oil and gas and are re-injected under gravity into the highly porous Arbuckle aquifer. Since 2015, injection rates have been decreasing. However, the seismic hazard in that region remains elevated. Furthermore, it has been noticed that some events in Kansas occur far from disposal wells.</p><p>To analyse spatio-temporal patterns between the fluid injection and earthquake locations, we applied a time-dependent 2D cross-correlation technique. This reveals a vectorial migration pattern of the seismic events. Whereas early events occur towards the east-sourtheast, later events are located preferably in northeastern direction of large volume injectors. With time, event locations migrate further in that direction. We explain this observation as well as measured Arbuckle pore pressures by a directional pore-fluid pressure diffusion and poroelastic stress propagation. This also follows from our principal two-dimension poroelastic finite element model which is of predictive power and identifies controlling parameters of the observations. These are mainly the permeability of the target injection formation and the seismogenic basement as well as the anisotropic permeability and the critical fault strength distribution. Our results lead to the conclusion that remote locations are destabilised also when injection rates are declining.</p><p>Thus, volume reductions may only provide a direct effect to lower earthquake rates locally. However, a state-wide decrease of the seismicity may require longer times such that the seismic hazard due to wastewater disposal induced seismicity may remain for decades. </p>

scholarly journals Reconstitution of contractile actomyosin rings in vesicles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Litschel ◽  
Charlotte F. Kelley ◽  
Danielle Holz ◽  
Maral Adeli Koudehi ◽  
Sven Kenjiro Vogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Actin Ring ◽  
Actin Networks ◽  
Mechanical Transformation ◽  
Myosin Motors ◽  
Spherical Vesicles ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Encapsulation Methods

AbstractOne of the grand challenges of bottom-up synthetic biology is the development of minimal machineries for cell division. The mechanical transformation of large-scale compartments, such as Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs), requires the geometry-specific coordination of active elements, several orders of magnitude larger than the molecular scale. Of all cytoskeletal structures, large-scale actomyosin rings appear to be the most promising cellular elements to accomplish this task. Here, we have adopted advanced encapsulation methods to study bundled actin filaments in GUVs and compare our results with theoretical modeling. By changing few key parameters, actin polymerization can be differentiated to resemble various types of networks in living cells. Importantly, we find membrane binding to be crucial for the robust condensation into a single actin ring in spherical vesicles, as predicted by theoretical considerations. Upon force generation by ATP-driven myosin motors, these ring-like actin structures contract and locally constrict the vesicle, forming furrow-like deformations. On the other hand, cortex-like actin networks are shown to induce and stabilize deformations from spherical shapes.

scholarly journals Structural color coatings for high performance BIPV

2021 ◽  
Vol 855 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
R Habets ◽  
Z Vroon ◽  
B Erich ◽  
N Meulendijks ◽  
D Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
Structural Color ◽  
Colored Glass ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Cell Efficiency ◽  
Very High

Abstract Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) offer aesthetics and freedom of design for architects and home owners. This can accelerate implementation and free up new spaces for solar energy harvesting at building level, which is a necessary step towards a climate neutral built environment. Colored solar panels with high conversion efficiency and low cost price are an important development for large scale market penetration of BIPV. Here we report a solution processed structural color coating for solar panels and solar collectors. We show that virtually any color can be prepared, that the desired coating stack can be designed using optical calculations and that the exact color can be produced via a low cost solution process. Furthermore, we show that the light transmission for the colored glass plates is still very high, exceeding commonly used absorbing colors and enables very high solar cell efficiency. The colored PV panels have been tested in real environment and via accelerated lifetime testing for 3 years without any performance decline or degradation.

scholarly journals Facile Approach to Develop Hierarchical Roughness fiber@SiO2 Blocks for Superhydrophobic Paper

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Jieyi Xiong ◽  
Guangxue Chen ◽  
Ouyang Xinping ◽  
Zhaohui Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Mechanical Durability ◽  
Complex Preparation ◽  
Superhydrophobic Paper

Papers with nanoscaled surface roughness and hydrophobically modification have been widely used in daily life. However, the relatively complex preparation process, high costs and harmful compounds have largely limited their applications. This research aims to fabricate superhydrophobic papers with low cost and nontoxic materials. The surface of cellulose fibers was initially coated with a film of SiO2 nanoparticles via sol-gel process. After papermaking and subsequent modification with hexadecyltrimethoxysilane through a simple solution-immersion process, the paper showed excellent superhydrophobic properties, with water contact angles (WCA) larger than 150°. Moreover, the prepared paper also showed superior mechanical durability against 10 times of deformation. The whole preparation process was carried out in a mild environment, with no intricate instruments or toxic chemicals, which has the potential of large-scale industrial production and application.

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