scholarly journals An analysis of 1999 world health organisation (WHO) guidelines for drug donations for better donation practice in emergency situations

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-56
Author(s):  
Joep Ahmed Djojodibroto ◽  
Reinhard Huss
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
Health Policy Analysis ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
2004 Tsunami ◽  
Drug Donations

In disasters and emergency situations, a lot of drug and medical supplies comes to the affected area from local or international donors. But, those donations often generate more problems for the recipients. The WHO and major humanitarian organisations developed WHO Guidelines for Drug Donations in 1996. The guidelines based on four core principles which are all donation should benefit the recipient, respect for wishes and authority of the recipient, there should not be a double standard in quality, and effective communication between donor and recipient. The guidelines influenced positively to drug donation practices for several years until 2004. The drug donation practices during 2004 tsunami relief in Sri Lanka and Aceh (Indonesia) showed that the compliance with WHO Guidelines for Drug Donations was low. This study aim was to strengthen the effectiveness of WHO Guidelines for Drug Donations in disaster and emergency situations. While the objectives are to explore the strength and weakness of the WHO Guidelines for Drug Donations and to recommend how to improve the effectiveness of drug donations. In this study, the WHO Guidelines for Drug Donations were analysed using the model of health policy analysis from Walt and Gilson, which is specifically used for analysing health policies. The framework is viewed as a tool to describe the interactions and interconnections systems between content, context, process and groups of actors. The author concludes that presence of donation operator team for drug donations is needed during the emergency situations and it should be stated in the WHO Guidelines for Drug Donations. The WHO needs to encourage donors and recipients to refer to WHO Guidelines for Drug Donations when they are making their own guidelines. The guidelines can be strengthened at country level and adjusted to regulations in the countries. The WHO Guidelines for Drug Donations should state that donations are preferred in form of New Emergency Health Kit (NEHK) or cash donations, and the necessity of information and communication centre in the WHO Guidelines for Drug Donations.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Implications of Novel Corona Virus Pandemic (COVID-19): The Indian Scenario

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (12, 20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Thakur ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The People ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Indian Scenario

The global pandemic Covid-19 and its ill effects has created a fear all over the world. This novel virus has affected 216 countries across the globe. The number of confirmed cases and death are on the hype as per the daily reports by world health organisation and it has sparked an economic crisis. Due to self-isolation, social-distancing, restrictions on transportation services have put every sector of economy on downturn. The people in unorganised sectors are losing their jobs. The demand for manufactured goods and other commodities has been decreased. The demand for medical supplies and essential food items are on an increase. In this article, the socio-economic implications of Covid-19 on India has been summarized. Key Words: Corona Virus (Covid-19), Pandemic, Socio- Economic Implications & Indian Scenario

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of Water and Sediment Qualities of Some Dams in Kwara State

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Abdus-Salam
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Water And Sediment

Potable water is becoming progressively scarce due to anthropogenic pollution and it has necessitated monitoring of water quality of rivers and dams as a subject of ongoing concern and research. This study was conducted to assess the quality of water collected from four different dams (Agba, Igbaja, Oloru and Omu-Aran) in Kwara State, Nigeria using standard procedures. Water and sediment samples were collected from three different spatial locations on the dams. The average values of most physicochemical parameters like pH, temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Alkalinity, some nutrients such as chloride (Cl-), sulphate (SO42-), phosphate (PO43-), nitrate (NO3-) and some heavy metals such as Cu, Zn have values that were within World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines for drinking water for each of the dams while Cd and Fe concentrations were observed to be much higher than WHO guidelines for drinking water. This could be as a result of anthropogenic input. The dams’ sediments analyzed for heavy metals showed that Mn, Zn and Cd were high in the dams, which can be easily washed into the water body through leaching, thereby causing detrimental effect to the consumers.

scholarly journals Authentication of Unused Medicine Domination for NGOs

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 297-307
Author(s):  
J.Esther Jenslin ◽  
P.Sahaya Jenitha ◽  
S.Sri Selva Meenakshi
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Black Market ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Constant Increase ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Expired Medicines ◽  
Prescription Writing ◽  
Drug Donations

This project aims to donate medicines which are unused. The unused medicine can be donated for further utilization by a needy person. This application helps the user to donate unused medicines to NGO. Admin will login and manage members by deleting and blocking the users providing improper or expired medicines. Admin has to verify the uploaded image for their expiry date.NGO manages the stock which helps to maintain a record of the available medicine. Members can also check their previous data of medicine transactions. The donation of unused medicines is not accepted worldwide, although it is legal in some countries. A constant increase in the rate of prescription writing has prompted several charity organizations to collect a growing number of unused medicines. WHO guidelines for drug donations discourage donation of unused medicines, as this may create a number of problems. Detrimental effects of drug donations for use in emergency situations have been reported, as the arrival of unsorted, useless and expired medicines requires management and sorting, which may take up the time of health workers and eventually lead to the appearance of these drugs on the black market. However, cases of regulated donations have been reported in the USA, where several states have adopted laws in order to facilitate the redistribution of unused drugs to indigent and uninsured patients.This project aims to donate medicines which are unused. The unused medicine can be donated for further utilization by a needy person. This application helps the user to donate unused medicines to NGO. Admin will login and manage members by deleting and blocking the users providing improper or expired medicines. Admin has to verify the uploaded image for their expiry date.NGO manages the stock which helps to maintain a record of the available medicine.Members can also check their previous data of medicine transactions.

scholarly journals Antibiotic inhibition of the Plasmodium apicoplast decreases haemoglobin degradation and antagonises dihydoartemisinin action

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M Crisafulli ◽  
Amanda E De Paoli ◽  
Madel V Tutor ◽  
Ghizal Siddiqui ◽  
Darren J Creek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
The World ◽  
Antibiotic Inhibition ◽  
Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria

The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends artemisinin (ART) combinations for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Understanding the interaction between co-administered drugs within combination therapies is clinically important to prevent unintended consequences. The WHO guidelines recommend second line treatments that combine artesunate with tetracycline, doxycycline, or clindamycin - antibiotics that target the Plasmodium relict plastid, the apicoplast. In addition, antibiotics can be used simultaneously against other infectious diseases, leading to their inadvertent combination with ARTs. One consequence of apicoplast inhibition is a perturbation to haemoglobin uptake and trafficking - a pathway required for activation of ART derivatives. Here, we show that apicoplast-targeting antibiotics reduce the abundance of the catalyst of ART activation (free haem) in P. falciparum, likely through diminished haemoglobin digestion. We demonstrate antagonism between ART and these antibiotics, suggesting that apicoplast inhibitors reduce ART activation. These data have potential clinical implications due to the reliance on, and widespread use of both ARTs and these antibiotics in malaria endemic regions.

scholarly journals A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON COMPARISON OF GDOCP IN PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING UNIT AS PER EUROPEAN AND WHO GUIDELINES

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
MALE TEJASWI ◽  
VINOD KUMAR K. ◽  
CHITHRA SHEKAR C. ◽  
SRIKANTH K.
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
National Level ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Health Products

To review the good documentation practices in the pharmaceutical industry as per the guidelines provided in the European Commission and WHO (World Health Organisation). GDocP is a systematic method of planning, evaluating, approving, issuing, documenting, preserving, and archiving records. GDocP is a must when operating in an atmosphere of existing GMP. To provide an overview of good documentation practices for those employed in the pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors. The GDocP stands for good documentation practice which can be described as an integral part of quality assurance (QA) and thus related to all aspects of GMP. There are very few articles related to the comparison of GDocP in the pharmaceutical manufacturing unit as per European and WHO guidelines hence we are trying to develop a study on the comparison of GDocP guidelines. Public and private organizations, institutions, and regulatory authorities working and cooperating and with the pharmaceutical industry are involved at the international and national level to reach a consensus on the guidelines and laws for the production of medicinal products for human. This article explains how these participants work and cooperate and set out current regulations along the lines of the European community and WHO referencing, where appropriate, the practiced guidelines, outside space regulatory action referred to above. In this way, the goal is to achieve exceptional standards of quality, protection, and efficacy in the manufacture of health products.

Assessment of Promotional Drug Literature Using World Health organisation (Who) Guidelines

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Yogesh A Garje ◽  
◽  
Baliram V Ghodke ◽  
H N Lalan H N Lalan ◽  
Snigdha Senpaty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Who Guidelines

scholarly journals Is exclusive breastfeeding an option or a necessity in Africa? A pooled study using the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Mulol ◽  
Anna Coutsoudis ◽  
Waliou Amoussa Hounkpatin ◽  
Elisaphinate Urio ◽  
Philomène Kenguela Wabolou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Maternal Recall

Given the valuable health, development, and economic benefits of human milk exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is recommended by the World Health Organisation for the first six months of an infant’s life. Many resource-limited regions in Africa do not line-up with these recommendations therefore EBF promotion efforts on the continent need to be scaled up and monitored. This study explores the human milk intake volumes of 5 countries (Benin, Central African Republic, Morocco, South Africa and Tanzania) both at country level and in a pooled sample at 3 months (n= 355) and at 6 months (n=193). Mean human milk intake volumes in the pooled samples were 697.6 g/day at 3 months and 714.9 g/day at 6 months. EBF was determined both by maternal recall as well as using the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique using two different cut-offs of non-milk oral intake. Comparison of these results showed substantial over-reporting of EBF by maternal recall, which suggests that actual rates of EBF are even lower than reported thus highlighting the importance of scaling-up EBF promotion strategies.

Setting up microbiological water reuse guidelines for the Mediterranean

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bahri ◽  
F. Brissaud
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Actual Knowledge ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Technical Basis ◽  
Raw Wastewater

Water reuse is a widespread practice in most Mediterranean countries. Some countries have no wastewater treatment facilities and direct reuse of raw wastewater is occurring while others have a well-established national reuse policy. Water reuse microbiological standards, when existing, significantly differ from one country to another. Some countries have adopted regulations close to the California's Water Recycling Criteria whereas other countries have chosen criteria based on the World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines. California standards are technologically based requirements aimed at eliminating the presence of pathogens. The WHO guidelines relied on epidemiological evidences though few were available. Their revision on the basis of new epidemiological investigations and quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) provided by Blumenthal et al., together with added QMRA data, helped proposing Mediterranean guidelines. Acceptable annual risks related to bathing and potable water drinking were taken as benchmarks. This proposal is designed to protect individuals against realistic maximum exposures and to provide minimum and affordable requirements which should constitute the basis of water reuse regulations in every country of the region. Inadequacies of the actual knowledge do not allow a definitive position regarding the guideline limits; other scientific and technical basis are still required.

scholarly journals Combat to Corona Virus Disease 2019 COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 406-409
Author(s):  
Arvind Sakwar
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Mutant Virus ◽  
World Health ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Corona Virus

This paper describes the information of Covid-19 its emergence and declaration of Pandemic by WHO (World Health Organisation). The symptoms and the precautions are also being discussed here. Covid-19 is highly mutant virus that transmits so rapidly and no particular treatment is there to stop it except preventive measures. The initiatives taken by Govt of India are being briefly explained along with WHO guidelines to stopping the expansion of Covid-19.

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