scholarly journals Implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 20/PUU-XI/2013 Pada Penetapan Calon Legislatif Perempuan di Provinsi Jawa Teng

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 859
Author(s):  
Ani Purwanti
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
General Election ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Political Empowerment ◽  
Constitutional Review ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 20/PUU-XI/2013 adalah pengujian konstitusional terhadap Pasal 215 huruf (b) dan Penjelasan Pasal 56 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2012 tentang Pemilu. Putusan ini bermula dari permohonan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat yang bergerak dalam pemberdayaan politik perempuan. Dasar permohonan ini adalah Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2012 yang dinilai masih diskriminatif terhadap perempuan yang mencalonkan diri. Mahkamah Konstitusi kemudian dalam putusannya mengabulkan permohonan para pemohon untuk seluruhnya karena pasal-pasal yang dimohonkan dinilai inkonstitusional dan bertentangan dengan Pasal 28H Undang-Undang Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Dampak Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 20/PUU-XI/2013 adalah jaminan kepastian hukum bagi tindakan khusus untuk meningkatkan jumlah keterwakilan perempuan di parlemen. Namun, secara empiris, putusan tersebut tidak berdampak positif di pemilu legislatif 2014-2019 dimana perbedaan jumlah keterwakilan yang masih terlampau jauh. Diperlukan instrumen hukum yang lebih tegas dan efektif untuk peningkatan jumlah keterwakilan perempuan di parlemen, yang dimana sasaran implementasinya haruslah kepada partai politik dan budaya masyarakat.Constitutional Court decision Number 20/PUU-XI/2013 is a constitutional review of article 215 letter (b) and elucidation of article 56 paragraph (2) of Law number 8 Year 2012 regarding General Election. The verdict stems from the applicationof non-governmental organizations engaged in women's political empowerment. The bases of this verdict was that the Law Number 8 of 2012 had established a corrupted and patriarchy loyalist–system. The Constitutional Court later decided ruled on plaintiff’s favor, for the reason, the articles were unconstitutional and contrary to article 28H the 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia.The indirect impact of Constitutional Court verdictnumber 20/PUU-XI/2013 was a guarantee of legal certainty for affirmative action policy to increased women representation in parliament. Empirically, the verdict did not give a direct positive impact in the 2014 General Election where the difference of representation amount among this binary gender are too high. It is necessary that the legal instruments needs to be more forceful and effective to implements the policy, especially towards political party, to have a better access for women in exercising her ideas. Keywords: Polical Representation, Women, Legislative, Central Java Province.

Republika Chorwacji: wyrok Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z 3 lipca 2020 r. dotyczący prawa do głosowania osób znajdujących się w izolacji w związku z zakażeniem lub podejrzeniem zakażenia koronawirusem SARS-CoV-2, sygn. U-VII-2980/2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 6(161) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Marcin Rulka
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Election Commission ◽  
Coronavirus Infections

The parliamentary elections in Croatia were ordered for 5 July 2020. However, as the election date approached, the number of coronavirus infections increased, prompting the authority responsible for overseeing the conduct of the elections, i.e., the State Election Commission of the Republic of Croatia, to issue appropriate voting guidelines. People in self-isolation had the opportunity to vote only if the registration activities were completed by 2 July 2020, as this guaranteed a visit from a member of the election commission to whom they could pass the vote, but completely excluded infected persons from the vote. On 1 July 2020, one of the Croatian non-governmental organizations, the GONG, submitted a request to the Constitutional Court (supported by the signatures of several dozen citizens) to examine the legality of the elections, arguing that the state authorities are obliged to give each voter the possibility to vote in the elections. The Constitutional Court stated that the state authorities are obliged to create the legal possibility of exercising the right to vote guaranteed by the constitution for all citizens who express such wish, including those who have been diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID 19) or any other infectious disease, and who, for this reason, remain in isolation.

Amendment of the Contravention Code or Defiance of the Constitution by the Exceptional Situations Commission?

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Iulian Rusanovschi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Constitutional Review ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

On 17.03.2020, the Parliament declared a state of emergency on the entire territory of the Republic of Moldova for the period March 17 - May 15, 2020. By the same Decision, the Parliament delegated the Commission for Exceptional Situations with the right to implement a series of measures to overcome the epidemiological situation in the country. However, in the conditions of a functioning Parliament and despite the clear and exhaustive texts of the Constitution, the Commission for Exceptional Situations amended during the state of emergency the Contravention Code, which is an organic law. The amendments specifically concerned the procedure and terms for examining infringement cases brought in connection with non-compliance with the measures adopted by the Commission for Exceptional Situations and the Extraordinary Commission for Public Health. In the conditions in which an organic law can be modified only by the Parliament, it is obvious the unconstitutionality, at least partial, of the Disposition no. 4 of 24.03.2020 of the Commission for Exceptional Situations, but unfortunately, the Constitutional Court is not mandated with the right to submit to constitutional review the normative acts adopted by the Commission for Exceptional Situations. Under these conditions, the state is obliged to identify solutions in order not to allow an authority to adopt unconstitutional normative acts that cannot be subject to constitutional review.

scholarly journals FNGOs and financial inclusion: Investigating the impact of microcredit on employment growth in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Yawo Atiase ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Samia Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Employment Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
The Impact

Financial non-governmental organizations (FNGOs) are regulated microfinance institutions that operate with a social welfare logic in the delivery of microcredit to the financially excluded in Ghana. The microcredit is aimed at supporting the financially excluded individuals to create sustainable micro and small enterprises (MSEs) for the generation of both skilled and unskilled employment. From the institutional theory perspective, this study aims at investigating the impact of microcredit provided by FNGOs on employment growth among MSEs in Ghana. The major contribution of this study is the fact that, there is a little study on FNGOs and their impact on employment growth in the Ghanaian context. Therefore, this is one of the few studies that highlights the role of FNGOs in promoting financial inclusion through the provision of microcredit for employment generation purposes. Through a multiple regression analysis, the study uses primary data collected from 506 MSEs in Ghana. The results show that microcredit which is flexible in repayment mode, accessible and adequate has a positive impact on employment generation among MSEs in Ghana. However, the current cost of microcredit in Ghana has a negative impact on employment growth among MSEs.

International Trade Organization

1952 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-649
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Intergovernmental Organizations ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
International Trade Organization

The seventh session of the Contracting Parties to GATT met at Geneva, Switzerland from October 2 to November 10, 1952 under the chairmanship of Johan Melander (Norway). Participating were delegates of the 34 countries which were contracting parties and observers from other governments and intergovernmental organizations. The seventh session was concerned primarily with items arising out of the operation of GATT, including items falling under the complaints procedure, tariffs and tariff negotiations, miscellaneous items proposed by governments and non-governmental organizations and the administration of GATT. Apart from an agreement between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Austria concerning reciprocal concessions to the tariff agreement which had been concluded in 1951 within the framework of the Torquay Tariff Conference, no tariff negotiations were undertaken during the session. In connection with the reduction of tariff levels, the contracting parties reexamined the French plan for lowering tariffs by 30 percent on a worldwide basis in three yearly stages and the contracting parties instructed working parties to continue studies of the question.

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONAL, ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (325) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
G.B. Akhmejanova ◽  
◽  
N.M. Mussabekova ◽  
T.E. Voronova ◽  
B.Kh. Olzhabayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Republic

scholarly journals KEWENANGAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI DALAM MENGADILI PERKARA PERSELISIHAN HASIL PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH (SUATU KAJIAN TERHADAP PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 97/PUU-XI/2013 JO. PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 072-073/PUU-II/2004)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Hardy Salim ◽  
Cut Memi
Keyword(s):  
Vice President ◽  
General Election ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Court Ruling ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
The Republic

Acccording to the Arrticle 24C paragaaph (1) the Constttution of thr Republic of Indonesia of 1945, the Constitutional Court of thr Republic of Indonesia have thr power to decide upon disputes over the results of general election. The general election referred to here is elections to elect members of the legislature, regional representative councils, regional legislatures, president amd vice president. Both of thr provisions have been limitative, so there will no be any other elections that included. However, in its development, the Constittutional Court of the Republc of Indonesia is given the power to decide upon disputes ovrr the results of regional hed elections with a legal basis of the Constittutional Court Ruling Number 072-073/PUU-II/2004. However, a litle later the Constttution Court of the Republic of Indonesia issued a Consttttuional Court Ruling Number 97/PUU-XI/2013 which said tht the Constitusional Court of the Republic of Indonesia can’t have the power to decide upon disputes over the resuls of regional hed elections. This reaises problems regarding whether regional head elections are included in thr general election regime? And whether the Constitutional Court of the Republic Indonesia has thr authorty to decide upon disputes over the results of regional hed elections? Thr Author examined the issue by normative method. The results of thr resrarch show tht thr regional hesd elections is not a part of the general electiins regime and the Constututional Corrt of the Republic Indonesia can’t have thr power to decide upon disputes ovrr thr resulls of the regional hesd elections.

scholarly journals THE EXPERIENCE OF TRAINING EXPERTS IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION IN EASTERN EUOROPE

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tryhub Ilona
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Entrance Examination ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Postgraduate Studies ◽  
The Republic

In the article has been singled out features of the classification of Eastern Europe countries according to the professional training of experts in the field of education (systematicity and length of training); founded the tendencies of professional training of experts in the field of education in countries of Eastern Europe: general tendencies (in particular: orientation of training of experts in the field of education in quality assurance; implementation of professional training of experts in the field of education in masters training, postgraduate education and non-governmental organizations; the introduction of seminars, workshops and conferences as forms of training of experts in the field of education; election of future experts in the field of education among experienced teachers; election of candidates are offered by universities, rectors conferences, schools and universities, students parliaments, national academic associations and employers’ organizations; implementation of the official Code of Ethics in professional activities of experts in the field of education; introduction of state and public control over the activity of experts in the field of education; exchange of experience of expert activity in the international cooperation); specific tendencies (in particular: entrance examination / briefing by experts in the field of education (the Republic of Lithuania); preparation of experts in the field of education at the level of the master’s degree in higher educational institutions (the Republic of Latvia); professional training of experts in the field of education in different forms (seminars, advanced training courses, postgraduate studies) (Russian Federation) etc.

scholarly journals THE PERFORMANCE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Ciucescu ◽  
Andreea Feraru
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Managerial Performance ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Profit Organizations

Operation of NGOs is dependent on the correct identification of the needs in the community and their ability to attract the necessary funds to cover them. Non-profit organizations interest to performance measuring and fulfilling the objectives has increased lately, this it become an essential element for the survival of the organization. The main reasons that underlie the increasing interest are: increasing the number of new organizations; increasing the budgetary reductions; the decrease in the number of donors; increasing the challenges arising from the multiplicity of social cases. In addition, the majority of the stakeholders associated with the NGOs want to know if the programs or services they claim have a prominent and positive impact on the community. Such organizations felt the need to demonstrate the effectiveness of the programs they provide and the correctness of using the funds are made available. The article intends to present the issues related to the concept of performance for NGOs, to clarify the content of each performance categories, namely economic performance, managerial performance and social performance.

scholarly journals Kedudukan Surat Edaran Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia di Aceh

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-61
Author(s):  
Taqiyuddin Faranis ◽  
Husni Djalil ◽  
Mahdi Syabandir
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Supervisory Board ◽  
General Election ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Legal Power ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Circular Letter ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Pasal 60 ayat (4) Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintah Aceh dinyatakan bahwa masa kerja Panitia Pengawas Pemilihan (Panwaslih) berakhir 3 (tiga) bulan setelah pelantikan kepala daerah tepilih, sementara dalam regulasi yuridis lainnya khususnya Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2011 tentang Penyelenggara Pemilihan Umum dan Pemilihan menegaskan berakhir paling lambat 2 (dua) bulan setelah seluruh tahapan penyelenggaraan Pemilihan Umum selesai. Ketua Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum (Bawaslu) Republik Indonesia mengeluarkan Surat Edaran Nomor: 0240/K.Bawaslu/TU.0001/III/2017 tentang Penegasan Masa Tugas Lembaga Pengawas Pemilihan Umum Ad Hoc dalam Rangka Pemilihan Gubernur dan Wakil, Bupati dan Wakil Bupati dan/atau Walikota dan Wakil Walikota Tahun 2017. Surat Edaran tersebut disimpulkan bahwa masa kerja Panwaslih di Aceh berakhir pada bulan Mei bagi daerah yang terdapat penyelesaian sengketa di Mahkamah Konstitusi dan bulan Juni bagi daerah yang vakum sengketa. Hal ini mengakibatkan ketidakpastian hukum bagi penyelenggara Pemilihan Kepala Daerah dan menimbulkan kegaduhan dalam internal Panwaslih di Aceh. Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimanakah kedudukan dan  kekuatan hukum Surat Edaran Bawaslu, mengkaji kepastian hukum masa kerja Panwaslih di Aceh atas keputusan Bawaslu Republik Indonesia yang telah mengeluarkan Surat Edaran yang dijadikan rujukan Pemerintah Aceh untuk merevisi Peraturan Gubernur sebelumnya mengenai masa kerja Panwaslih di Aceh. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian normatif atau penelitian hukum kepustakaan.The article 60 paragraph (4) of the Act Number 11, 2006 concerning the Government of Aceh stated that the working period of the Election Committee ends 3 (three) months after the inauguration of the elected regional head, while in other juridical regulations especially the Act Number 15, 2011 concerning the General Election Organizer and the Election stipulates to expire no later than 2 (two) months after all stages of the election are completed. Chairman of the Election Supervisory has issued the Circular Letter Number: 0240/K.Bawaslu/TU.0001/III/2017 on the Affirmation of Ad Hoc Election Observer Period of Governor and Deputy Regent, Deputy Regent and Deputy Regent, and or Mayor and Deputy Mayor 2017. Based on the Circular Letter, it states that the working period of the Committee in Aceh ends in May for the area where there is a dispute resolution at the Constitutional Court and in June for the vacuum of the dispute. This has resulted in legal uncertainty for the election organizers and caused frenzy within the internal the Election Advisory in Aceh. This research aims to explore the position and legal power of the Election Supervisory Board Circular Letter, to review the legal certainty of the working period of the Election Committee in Aceh on the decision of General Election Supervisory Board of the Republic Indonesia which has issued a Circular Letter as the reference of the Government of Aceh to revise the previous Governor Regulation concerning the working period of the committee in Aceh. This is doctrinal legal research or library research.

scholarly journals Analysis of Non-Government Organizations Position in Filling Pre-Trial for the Purpose of Determining the Suspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 492-504
Author(s):  
Peter Jeremiah Setiawan ◽  
Lolita Fitriyana ◽  
Puri Indah Sukma Negara ◽  
Novia Choirunnisa
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Preliminary Ruling ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Trial Object

After  Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 98 / PUU-X / 2012, NGO include third parties with an interest in submitting pre-trial proceedings by terminating investigations or terminating proceedings, but related to Post- Decision of Constitutional Court Number 21 / PUU-XII / 2014, it can be seen that there is an extension of pre-trial proceedings, one of which is the suspect's determination. It actually raises concerns about pre-trial object posed by NGO, whether or not it requires the determination of a suspect, it given that it is not written if it looks at grammatically. Based on background above, this research analyzes about first, can non-governmental organizations submit pre-trial applications for the purpose of determining a suspect? Secondly, what is the concern of juries’ respect to the position of Non-Governmental Organization that submitted a pre-trial application for the purpose of determining the suspect? This research is a normative legal research with an approach to laws, a philosophical approach and a case approach. Based on this research, it has been identified that First, NGO should first submit pre-trial applications for the purpose of assessing a suspect. Whereas, since Article 77(a), which is incidentally the subject-matter of pre-trial proceedings for NGO, has been extended, it should be interpreted that NGO also send pre-trial applications for the purpose of determining the suspect. Secondly, in some justices' reflections based on Constitutional Court's Decision Number: 98 / PUU-X / 2012 on May 21, 2013 jo. The justice considered, in Constitutional Court Decision Number 21/PUU-XII/2014, that the complainant as an NGO has a legal role in bringing a preliminary ruling against the object of suspect’s determination.

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