scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of drainage systems within the Desantne Village Council in Kiliya district of Odessa region

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
O. O. Miedviedieva
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Village Council ◽  
Irrigated Lands

Relevance of research. Irrigated agriculture in the steppe regions of the southern Ukraine was naturally accompanied by negative phenomena. Among the most significant of them is  flooding on agricultural land as a result water imbalance of the active water exchange zone when using irrigation. A significant part of this water as filtration losses from the irrigation network and directly when watering land goes to the aeration zone and reaches the surface of groundwater, increasing its supply. As a result, the groundwater level increases, the amplitude of which increases depending on the depth of groundwater, the intensity of irrigation, the distance from the irrigation network, the method of irrigation and other factors. In recent years, the number of actually irrigated areas located on irrigated lands is significantly reduced and at the same time the area of "dry" drainage is increasing. Therefore, one of the most pressing problems for today is the analysis of the condition of drainage and discharge network throughout Ukraine. Thus, the purpose of the research is to study the drainage and discharge network of the south-west of Odesa region to determine the current condition and prospects for its further use. The objectives of the research include monitoring of groundwater levels for the period of 1991 - 2019, determining the condition of the drainage and discharge network within the Desantne village council in Kiliya district of Odessa region. Theoretical methods of scientific research were used: monitoring, observation, analysis, survey, evaluation, comparison, generalization. The results of the study of closed drainage systems in the Desantne village council in Kiliya district of Odessa region showed that their effectiveness is insufficient. Recently, due to the cessation of irrigation at the research and production sites, groundwater level has fallen below the drains, the drainage has stopped operating and has been in a dry condition for a long time. The groundwater level in the drainage areas was at the depths of mainly 3.5-4.3 m. 24% of the inspection wells were destroyed, and 38.6% of them had no reinforced concrete cover rings. For a long time the closed horizontal drainage has been in unsatisfactory technical condition. Main conclusions: Drainage on irrigated lands should optimize the water-salt regime of soils, while moisture and salt reserves during the growing season in the root zone should be strictly dosed and ensure high crop yields as well as suitable hydrogeological and reclamation conditions on irrigated lands and adjacent areas. Introduction of large-scale parcellation of land and the land of reclamation funds as well as paid water use should not lead to the deterioration of the technical condition of the collector-drainage network. Drainage systems, as a means of groundwater level reducing, are especially relevant in land reclamation and flood protection of rural settlements. In the southern regions of Ukraine this problem was dealt with by Bayer R., Zelenin I., Lyutaev B., Miedviediev O., Miedviedieva O., Romashchenko M., Savchuk D. and others. Most systems were built on irrigation arrays in the Soviet times, ie 30-50 or more years ago. Redistribution and parcellation of agricultural land have led to the decline of the systems and the deterioration of their efficiency. Such works allow to analyze the operation of each drainage systems and make reasonable conclusions about their further use in terms of economic and environmental feasibility.

ECOLOGICAL STATUS AND RECONSTRUCTION OF RYAZAN REGION MELIORATION SYSTEM

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
P. N. Vanyushin ◽  
A. V. Kuzin ◽  
А. А. Pavlov ◽  
А. V. Nefedov ◽  
N. А. Ivannikova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Viable Systems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Technical Operation

The article analyzes the current state of the irrigation and drainage systems of the Ryazan region. It is shown that the lack of technical operation of the drainage network led to its failure and failure to perform its functions. Irrigation, in spite of the fact that it gives stability in the years of droughts due to aging and the dismantling of machinery and equipment is not carried out. It is shown that for the reconstruction and / or modernization of irrigation and drainage systems it is necessary on the basis of inventory to determine the environmentally optimal and economically viable systems, their parts and structures that require rehabilitation, reconstruction and / or modernization. The decision to reconstruct may include not only the ameliorative system as a whole, but also some part of it, for example, a canal, pipeline or a separate hydraulic structure, taking into account the justification of economic feasibility. In dry periods, for the Meshcherskaya lowland and areas with peat soils, it is necessary to provide for land-reclamation systems for dual regulation of soil moisture, which reduces the possibility of peat ignition and the spread of fire. It should be borne in mind that the reconstruction of land-reclamation systems has its specific features, which include: socio-economic (increasing the productivity of agricultural land, obtaining additional income, creating modern infrastructure, increasing employment, living conditions, labor, etc.) ; ecological (creation of cultural landscapes, ensuring their ecological sustainability, prevention of land degradation processes, improvement of recreational conditions, elimination of waterlogging, flooding, salinization, erosion, etc.). Reclamation activities are carried out in compliance with the requirements of land, water, forestry legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the environment, on the subsurface, on the plant world and on the animal world.

FORMATION OF HUMAN RESOURCES POLICY AND LABOR POTENTIAL OF THE MELIORATIVE INDUSTRY OF THE AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Ugryumova ◽  
Mikhail Zamakhovski ◽  
Lyudmila Pautova ◽  
Denis Olgarenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Personnel Policy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
Sectoral Development ◽  
Labor Potential

Scientifically substantiated personnel industry policy contributes to the implementation of an innovative development scenario, provides better results with reduced production costs, which determines the relevance of the studying. The main goal of the work was identified factors and indicators which have regulatory influence on the state and development of the personnel potential of the industry. Diagnostics of the labor potential of land reclamation by federal districts revealed leaders and outsiders of sectoral development. The studying made it possible to justify the steady trend of the shortage of reclamation personnel in comparison with the calculated indicators. Objective and subjective reasons and factors that hinder the effective using of the industry’s personnel potential are distinguished. The concept of industry’s labor potential is clarified. The studying of changes in labor productivity in agriculture has confirmed a twofold increasing in this indicator for the period from 2014 to 2018. Methodological approaches to the indicators of assessing the labor potential of the reclamation industry are substantiated. The groups of socio-economic indicators of the reclamation industry’s effectiveness are identified. The methodology for determining the quantitative characteristics of labor potential on irrigated lands is specified, which is depended on the area of irrigated lands. The labor potential of the reclamation industry in terms of staffing the industry is studied. The main positive and negative trends of the personnel policy and the labor potential’s formation of the agro-industrial complex’s reclamation sector of the Russian Federation are specified, the industry personnel policy is assessed as passive, which does not allow predicting the needs for industry personnel, evaluate staff activities and analyze personnel problems. Highlighted characteristic trends in personnel potential in the federal district and regions of the Russian Federation allow: to develop unified approaches to manage this industry development factor; to develop recommendations to improve the efficiency of advanced training and retraining of personnel in irrigated agriculture. The implementation of the recommendations will contribute to increase the efficiency of the managing the human potential’s process of irrigated agriculture at the level of federal, regional and municipal authorities of the reclamation sector of the agro-industrial complex of Russia.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF “SALINE CONTAMINATION” OF NATURAL WATERS OF ROSTOV REGION, CONFINED TO THE IRRIGATED AREA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Drovovozova ◽  
◽  
A. A. Kirilenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Irrigation Period ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations

Purpose: analysis of problematic issues associated with the hydrochemistry of natural waters and the processes occurring in the irrigation systems of Rostov region. Discussion. The specificity of growing crops associated with irrigated agriculture has led to the formation of significant volumes of drainage and waste water (58676.5 thousand cub. m at the level of 2019). The quality of drainage wastewaters is determined by the hydrochemistry of groundwater and water intakes and has a seasonal character. In drainage systems operation of the Central irrigated zone, an unregulated inflow of salt-forming ions into water inlets was noted, and their concentration in the places where drainage wastes are discharged into small water bodies of the Lower Don (for example, Kostylevsky pr., Kolodezki ur., Solenaya river, erik Besheny) differs little from the background geochemical concentrations and corresponds to the natural saline background of the studied objects. Since irrigation and drainage systems are the objects of negative impact on the environment, uncontrolled natural processes of salt-forming ions migration in adjacent environments in combination with desalinization processes during the irrigation period led to violations of ecological legislation by the land reclamation and agricultural water supply departments in terms of exceeding the standards of maximum permissible concentrations for water bodies for fishery purposes, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Agriculture of 13.12.2016 no. 552. Conclusions. Regularities in formation of salt-forming ions migration processes in adjacent media have been revealed. It has been determined that one of the sources and agents of “saline contamination” of drainage and natural waters is groundwater. Hydrochemical materials and analysis of regulatory legal acts in terms of water bodies protection and use indicate the need to establish standards admitted to chemical substances concentrations disposal, taking into account the regional natural (nominally natural) hydrochemical background and natural and climatic characteristics differentiated for each small water body.

scholarly journals Land reclamation in agriculture of the Khabarovsk territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 344 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
A. B. Hachiev ◽  
V. P. Babakov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Soil Cultivation

The area of fallow agricultural land in the Khabarovsk territory is 354090 hectares. They are examined for reclamation and further use. Hydro-reclamation and repair of old drainage systems with soil cultivation should be carried out on an area of 174381 hectares. The area of arable land is gradually increased by 66.2-126.0 thousand hectares and includes rainfed land, reconstructed old drainage systems, as well as plowing of cultivated forage lands.

СОСТОЯНИЕ МЕЛИОРАТИВНОГО ФОНДА БАССЕЙНА Р.КУБАНЬ ПО КРАСНОДАРСКОМУ КРАЮ, РЕСПУБЛИКЕ АДЫГЕЯ И КАРАЧАЕВО-ЧЕРКЕССКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ

2020 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
V.R. Enakaeva ◽  
N.M. Popova ◽  
E.N. Getman
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Agriculture Land ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
The Republic

В статье приведены показатели по Краснодарскому краю, Республике Адыгея и Карачаево-Черкесской Республике, характеризующие мелиоративное состояние орошаемых земель. Выполнена сравнительная оценка мелиоративного состояния орошаемых и осушаемых сельскохозяйственных угодий и технического состояния мелиоративных систем за 2013 и 2018 годы по официальным данным сайта Департамента мелиорации Минсельхоза РФ.The article presents indicators for the Krasnodar territory, the Republic of Adygea and the Karachay-Cherkess Republic that characterize the reclamation status of irrigated lands. A comparative assessment of irrigated and drained agricultural lands reclamation status and technical condition of reclamation systems in 2013 and 2018, according to the official website of the Russian Federation Ministry of agriculture land reclamation department.

Actual state and prospects of redevelopment of irrigated lands of Omsk region

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Boyko ◽  
Artem Timohin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Technical Base ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
Agriculture And Food

In the Omsk region in the 60s of the last century, the problems of providing animals with feeds led to large-scale work to strengthen the material and technical base of the reclamation complex. Over 20 years (1970 to 1990), the area of irrigated land increased from 4 to 115 thousand ha. According to the data of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Management Omskmeliovodkhoz in the Omsk Region as of December 31, 2017, arable lands are considered irrigated – 78864 hectares, while no more than 8 thousand hectares are actually irrigated. Almost 33 thousand hectares of this area cannot be restored for various reasons, and overhaul is required on an area of more than 34 thousand hectares. The reclamation industry is being restored thanks to the targeted subprogram «Development of Land Reclamation for Agricultural Land». This requires the coordinated work of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Omsk Region, agricultural producers and the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Management» Omskmeliovodkhoz «with scientific support for the industry. This requires the coordinated work of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Omsk Region, agricultural producers and the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Management «Omskmeliovodkhoz» with scientific support for the industry.

scholarly journals Justification and perspective of cropping pattern on irrigated lands in the south of Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Kupriyanova ◽  
◽  
E. V. Melikhova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
High Level

Purpose: improvement of the irrigated agriculture system and justification of the rational cropping pattern, taking into account the possible provision of biological productivity of agricultural land for the period up to 2030. Materials and methods: the optimal values of the cropping patterns used in the structure of reclamation complex were used as key criteria for improving the system of irrigated agriculture. The demand and potential level of export of agricultural products and options for their processing were taken into account. The proposed cropping patterns on irrigated lands were obtained based on the results of ranking indicators: cereals (wheat, corn), industrial (soybeans, etc.), vegetables (including potatoes), beets (table and fodder). Results: the main conditions for carrying out reclamation measures aimed at increasing feed production, increasing the energy content and protein nutritional value of feed, contributing to the increase of farm animals productivity, were revealed. With a predicted high level of yield by 2030, its growth may be: for fodder – 2.5 times, sugar beet – 2.4 times, flax – 3.0, sunflower – 2.6, potatoes – 1.9, rice – 1.7 times. Conclusions. The main requirements for cropping pattern optimization have been determined: ranking according to the degree of global demand for agricultural products, which determines the trends of its production in the Russian Federation; optimization of the production structure of certain groups of crops in the domestic market, as well as for export to the foreign market; application of scientifically based crop rotation systems; work on the selection of varieties and hybrids of crops; improvement of irrigation equipment and technologies. Optimization of cropping patterns, including fodder crops in irrigated crop rotations, and restoration of soil fertility can also increase the output of livestock products – to ensure the country's food security.

Agricultural research reclamation in Ukraine: Professor D.O. Dzhovani (1886–1971)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Verhunov ◽  
Yu. Dovgoruk
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Active Interest ◽  
Agricultural Schools

The monograph highlights the main stages of development of agricultural research land reclamation work in Ukraine, one of the founders, creators and developers of which was Professor D.O. Dzhovani. The scientific, scientific-organizational and pedagogical activities of the well-known domestic scientist was described, who is an iconic figure for the formation of experimental reclamation work in Ukraine and abroad. The professor laid the scientific-organizational and conceptual principles, in particular the state legislative acts of development of the scientific direction of agro-amelioration in Ukraine and Russia during the 20-30's of the 20th century. He is the author of a number of scientific papers in the field of experimental land reclamation, author of the first textbook in Ukrainian for agricultural courses "Reclamation legislation: a guide for the agricultural schools"(1927). D.O. Dzhovani was personally involved in the opening of a number of reclamation stations in the research network of Ukraine. He was a member of the Scientific & Advisory Board (SAB) on the construction of Dniprelstan and the Special Commission on Dniprelstan at the Agricultural Scientific Committee of Ukraine. The scientist is one of the founders of the Ukrainian Scientific & Research Institute of Agricultural Land Reclamation. The available archival documents attest to his significant contribution to the establishment and subsequent functioning of this institution. After forced emigration to Great Britain, he continued to supplement his inventions and research in the field of agriculture, until the end of his days he did not lose active interest in the business of his life – land reclamation and swamp culture. This edition also contains bibliographic descriptions of his works, written personally and in co-authorship, reports on scientific activities, scientific & popular publications. The book is recommended for scientists, teachers, graduate students, students, specialists in agricultural science, all those who are interested in the history of agricultural research work development.

Productivity and Environmental Role of Forest Shelterbelts of Robinia pseudoacacia L. of the Kuban Lowland

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
V.V. Tanyukevich ◽  
◽  
S.V. Tyurin ◽  
D.V. Khmeleva ◽  
A.A. Kvasha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
Young Growth

Works on protective afforestation are carried out in order to protect agricultural land from degradation processes, as well as to improve the microclimate of land. The research purpose is to study the bioproductivity and environmental role of Robinia pseudoacacia L. forest shelterbelts in the conditions of the Kuban lowland. The approved and generally accepted methods of forest valuation, forest land reclamation, botany, and mathematical statistics were applied. Plantings were created according to the standard technology for the steppe zone of the Russian Federation. The area of forest shelterbelts is 62.4 ths ha, including 5 % of the young growth (I state class), 80 % of middle-aged forest plantings (II state class), 10 % of maturing plantings (II state class), 5 % of mature and overmature plantings (III state class). Living ground cover is formed by the following species: Koeleria pyramidata L., Poa pratensis L., Festuca pratensis H., Elytrígia repens L., Dactylis glomerata L., and Phlum pratense L. Aboveground phytomass is 100–300 g/m2; height is 25–32 cm. Plantings are characterized by the quality classes: young growth – I and II; middle-aged and maturing – III; mature and overmature – IV. At the age of natural maturity (70 years), the Robinia trunk reaches the average height of 15.1 m with the average diameter of 22.1 cm. The total stock of wood reaches 18, (ths m3), including (ths m3): young growth – 68 (ths m3); middleaged plantings – 14,871 (ths m3); maturing plantings – 2,187 (ths m3); mature and overmature plantings – 1,314 (ths m3). Aboveground phytomass in young growth is 20.2 t/ha; in mature and overmature plantings it is 391.2 t/ha. In the region it is estimated at 17,070 ths t, including (ths t): young growth – 64; middle-aged plantings – 13,753; maturing plantings – 2,032; mature and overmature plantings – 1,221. The share of stem mass reaches 84.5–80.8 %; woody greenery – 4.2–1.5 %; branches – 11.3–17.7 %. Recalculation coefficients of the stock into aboveground phytomass are the following for: young growth – 0.936; mature and overmature forest shelterbelts – 0.929. Phytosaturation of forest shelterbelts varies within 0.314–2.474 kg/m3. Forest shelterbelts have accumulated 8,534 ths t of carbon, which is estimated at 145.1 mln dollars. The sphere of application of the research results is the Krasnodar Krai forestry, which is recommended to create an additional 60 ths ha of forest shelterbelts, which will provide a normative protective forest cover of arable land of 5 % and annual carbon sequestration up to 3.4 t/ha.

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