scholarly journals PHENOTYPIC CONSOLIDATION OF BROWN BREEDS COWS BY LINEAR TRAITS OF CONFORMATION TYPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
L. M. Khmelnychyi ◽  
V. V. Vechorka
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Linear Classification ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Final Estimate ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Breeding Groups ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Genetic Specificity

Breeding practice testifies that phenotypic and genetic specificity and an appropriate level of consolidation by leading economically useful traits are important characteristics and binding conditions for testing and subsequent genetic progress of breeds and their structural breeding units. Therefore, in the aspect of estimation of the conformation type of brown breeds in Sumy region – Lebedyn, Ukrainian brown dairy and brown Swiss, the level of phenotypic consolidation coefficients of firstborn cows, evaluated by the method of linear classification, was studied. Five farms of Sumy region were used as the basis of experiments: PJSC “Plemzavod “Mykhailivka” Lebedynsky, PAF “Kolos” and SE “Pobeda” of Bilopilsky and pedigree reproducers – AJSCCT “Zorya” Okhtyrsky and JSC “Mayak” of Trostyanets districts. The coefficients of phenotypic consolidation (K1 and K2) of breeding groups of animals on linear traits of conformation were determined by formulas proposed by Yu. P. Polupan (2005). Taking into account the importance of estimation of breeds of dairy cattle created in the process of interbreed combinations, in the aspect of studying the genetic progress and the desired level of their phenotypic consolidation, determining the degree of coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of cows of brown breeds in Sumy region by linear traits, that characterize the conformation type of animals, is motivated and relevant research. According to the group traits of 100-point linear classification system was revealed that the most consolidated by type were animals of brown Swiss breed by all group traits (K1 = 0.274–0.362; K2 = 0.262–0.369) and the final type assessment (K1 = 0.304; K2 = 0.322). The negative values of phenotypic consolidation coefficients indicated that the least consolidated by type were animals of the Swiss breed, especially on the group traits that characterize the dairy type (K1 = -0.012; K2 = -0.021), udder (K1 = -0.212; K2 = -0.231) and the final score (K1 = -0.028; K2 = -0.023). Animals of Ukrainian brown dairy breed were closer to the peers of brown Swiss cattle by both group traits (K1 = 0.202; K2 = 0.268) and by the final score (K1 = 0.219; K2 = 0.279). The consolidation coefficients of brown Swiss cows by group traits are (K1 = 0.274; K2 = 0.362), and by the final estimate (K1 = 0.304; K2 = 0.322). In a comparative analysis of the level of phenotypic consolidation coefficients of descriptive traits of the type was determined that of the evaluated breeds significant advantage by the phenotypic consolidation of these traits have animals of brown Swiss breed. The most consolidated firstborn cows of this breed for important descriptive traits of angularity (K1 = 0.362; K2 = 0.375), rear width (K1 = 0.293; K2 = 0.306, attachment of front (K1 = 0.289; K2 = 0.309) and rear ( K1 = 0.225; K2 = 0.229) udder parts, central ligament expression (K1 = 0.333; K2 = 0.371), udder depth (K1 = 0.296; K2 = 0.312), placement (K1 = 0.286; K2 = 0.303) and teats length (K1 = 0.321; K2 = 0.313) and locomotion (K1 = 0.304; K2 = 0.333). The determined hereditary influence of breed on the degree of phenotypic consolidation of the majority of linear traits testifies to the possibility of effective breeding of dairy cattle by type with intensive use of purebred sires of brown Swiss breed with high score by the linear classification of type of their daughters.

Generation intervals in Canadian dairy cattle herds

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
Bernard Ato Hagan ◽  
Roger Cue
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Cattle Herds

Genetic evaluation records for the Canadian Holstein, Ayrshire, Jersey, and Brown Swiss bulls and cows born from 1950 and 1960, respectively, were used to study the generation intervals (L) along the four-path selection model. The objectives of the study were to determine the L in the four dairy cattle breeds and the effects of some environmental factors and variations among herds or artificial insemination (AI) studs on the L achieved. Total L of the four selection paths was reduced by 55% from 29.2 yr in 1980 to 13.2 yr in 2016 in the Holstein breed. Substantial reductions in total L were also observed in the Ayrshire, Jersey, and Brown Swiss populations between 1980 and 2016. Unlike progeny year of birth, housing system, agricultural region in Québec (region) — as well as their interaction — were not important on realised L of sires and dams used on Canadian dairy farms. There were significant variations among herds and AI studs on the age of sires and dams used for breeding. The considerable variations in realised L among herds and AI studs offer opportunities to increase the annual rate of genetic progress in the four Canadian dairy cattle populations.

scholarly journals DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY AND EXTERIOR TYPE OF FIRST-CALVE COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED DEPENDING ON UDDER-MASO-METRIC INDEX

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
M. S. Pelehatyi ◽  
O. А. Kochuk-Iashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Linear Classification ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Score System ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Complex Features ◽  
Dairy Breed

The theory and practice of breeding show that optimal results can be achieved by a complete evaluation of the genotype. The leading method of such an estimation is an index expression, which accumulates in one indicator the optimal ratio of breeding signs. In this aspect, it is important to use the breeding indices, which are estimated by the exteriors of animals, since breeding only on the indicators of milk productivity, namely on the level of fertility, contributes to the degradation of reproductive ability and, generally speaking, to the early extinction of the herd of animals. This determines the relevance of our work. The aim of the work was to study the effectiveness of selection first-born cows by the udder-mass-metric index in the herd of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed.The research was carried out on 198 first-born cows Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed PAC "Yerchi". We used the basis of breeding records and the results of their own research.The differentiation of cows by the size of the wizard-mass-metric index was carried out according to the methodology of O. P. Polkovnikova wiith co-authors. Groups are conventionally called early, optimal and late.The results of our research showed that the first-born cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, separated by the size of this index, significantly differ in their complexes features of the 100-score system of linear classification of the exterior type. The studied animals of the three groups for all the complexes of the 100-score system received rather high ratings: from 78.8 to 81.9 points, which corresponds to the classes "good" and "good with the plus" in accordance with international requirements.In general, there is a clear tendency that with an increase in the value of the udder-mass-metric index there is an increase in the overwhelming majority of complex features of linear classification, except for the complex features of the exterior, which characterizes the development of the body and gives an idea of the size of animals. Better were animals of groups II.With the increase in the size of the udder-mass-metric index in cows, the level of assessments of the main descriptive traits is also significantly increased. The best indicators of the descriptive features of the linear classification of the exterior were the group of animals of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, which, according to the value of the udder-maso-metric index, are classified as high-value groups of magnitude 16.9 or more. units, the worst – animals of the first group (11.7 and less than units of scientists). The difference between animals of the best and worst groups in 50% of cases was reliable (P < 0.05–0.001).The dynamics of dairy productivity in a certain way "copies" the dynamics of group and descriptive signs of the exterior type of animals. That is, with the increase of the size of the udder-mass-metric index there is a linear increase in quantitative characteristics of milk productivity.The animals of the group III showed the best results in PAC “Yerchyky”. From them received 305 days of the first lactation of 6036 kg with fat content of 3.63% and the amount of milk fat and protein, respectively, 218 and 185.0 kg. The lowest counts are first-born cows of group I (5390, 3.57, 193.5 and 166.3 respectively). Animals of group II occupy an intermediate position. The difference between the groups of animals for milk productivity, differentiated by the size of the exterior index in 40% of cases was reliable.The distribution of animals by the size of the extermination index (UMMI) completely copies their location according to the overall assessment of the exterior type and the 305 days lactation, which again confirms the existence of a direct correlation between these features. That is, differentiation and selection of animals by the size of the udder-mass-metric index can be an effective method for improving the milk production and exterivation of animals in the milk breed herd of PAC “Yarchiki”.With the help of the exterior index, we can predict milk productivity, that is, with the increase in the value of UMMI per unit milk productivity, namely, milk for 305 days of lactation, increases by 323 kg.Increasing the value of the udder-mass-metric index is accompanied by an increase in the consolidation factor for all the blocks of attributes. That is, the selection with the maximum value of the index of group III will help to increase the typification of animals by the exterior type and productivity.We also studied the influence of the exterior index on the manifestation of exterior and productivity. The results of this analysis showed that the share of this index in the overall variability of the signs varies within the range of 1.87–16.88 among the signs of the 100-score linear classification system and 0.31–7.92 among the signs of milk productivity, but it should be noted, that in 70 and 80% of cases the force of influence was reliable, respectively (P < 0,05–0,001). On average, the impact strength of the 9-point linear classification system was 2.94%.

scholarly journals PHENOTYPIC CONSOLIDATION DAUGHTERS OF BULL-SIRES ESTIMATED BY THE METHOD OF LINEAR CLASSIFICA-TION

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Leontiy Khmelnychyi ◽  
Serhii Khmelnychyi ◽  
Dmitryi Bardash
Keyword(s):  
Linear Estimation ◽  
Linear Classification ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
Linear Description ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Dairy Breed

The aim of our research was to determine the degree of phenotypic consolidation coefficients of bull-sires daughters in the Sumy intra-breed type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, estimated by linear traits that characterize the conformation type of cows. The experimental base of research was information on the linear classification of first-calf cows of Sumy intra-breed type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed in the PE "Burynske" breeding farm in Pidlisnivskyi department of Sumy district. The estimation of the first-calf cows by type was carried out using the method of linear classification by two systems: 9-point, with a linear description of 18 conformation traits and 100-point including four complexes of breeding traits that characterize: dairy type, body, limbs and udder. The coefficients of phenotypic consolidation (K1 and K2) cows of selection groups for linear traits of the conformation were determined according to formulas proposed by Yu. P. Polupan (2005). The level of phenotypic consolidation daughters of bull-sires estimated by group conformation traits indicated that regardless of the origin, phenotypic consolidation coefficients by overall type assessment had a positive value with a wide variability of coefficient K1 from 0.056 to 0.512 and coefficient K2 – from 0.065 to 0.505. Among all estimated by phenotypic consolidation bulls, less consolidated by group linear traits were found sires of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed – Motuzok and Front. Among sires of Holstein breed the best by group traits and overall assessment of the type were: V. Delight (K1 = 0.242-0.334; K2 = 0.247-0.349); D. Capris (K1 = 0.085-0.341; K2 = 0.089-0.348) and Hayes (K1 = 0.071-0.375; K2 = 0.082-0.370). From the sires of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed the Iceberg was the best (К1 = 0.059-0.478; К2 = 0.047-0.472). Magnitude of the degree phenotypic consolidation of descriptive traits of linear estimation daughters of bull-sires, regardless of origin, differed significantly by higher variability in comparison with group traits. Coefficients of phenotypic consolidation calculated by the formula K1, varied according to the bull-sires assessment from -0.434 (teats length of Iceberg daughters) to 0.504 (rump angle of Milliam daughters). The higher variability of phenotypic consolidation coefficients was revealed according to the formula K2, whose level varied from -0.571 (udder depth of Lyubimy's daughters) to 0.546 (angularity of Milliam daughters). By the coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of descriptive traits K1 and K2, there wasn't found no one bull-sire only with positive values. The most consolidated for overwhelming majority of descriptive traits were the bulls-sires of Holstein breed – Lauer, Toprate and Milliam. The highest consolidation of descriptive traits had all daughters of bulls by angularity with the highest number of positive values of coefficients. The presence of a genetic influence of bull-sires on the degree of phenotypic consolidation of the majority of linear traits of daughters with a significant advantage of Holstein producers was established.

scholarly journals THE PREDICTED GENETIC PROGRESS IN DAIRY CATTLE POPULATIONS USING A VARIETY OF METHODS FOR EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF ANIMALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Babenko ◽  
V. P. Оleshko ◽  
V. Y. Afanasenko
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Conventional Breeding ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Selection Of

Genetic progress in a herd of animals is due to the selection of four categories of pedigree animals: fathers of sires, mothers of sires, fathers of cows and mothers of cows. Extremely important role in genetic improvement of a herd plays selection of the sires for insemination of breeding stock which become the potential parents of cows. The selection of sires’ mothers, sires’ and cows’ parents provides 90-95% of the effect of selection in animal population, and massive selection of cows’ mothers only 5-10%. The main selection trait in а herd is milk production, therefore with the purpose of analyzing the effectiveness of selection by this trait defined pedigree value of 4 categories of pedigree animals, which influenced on the pace of improvement of the populations. Therefore, to accelerate genetic improvement of dairy cattle populations is necessary to increase the magnitude of the genetic benefits of parental animals and reduced generation intervals, which is the aim of our research. The average annual genetic progress through selection of four categories of pedigree animals in the herd of Holstein breed is 61.2 kg of milk per cow per year and the pace of genetic improvement of the herd – 0.81 %. In the population of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, these figures are respectively 43.2 kg of milk and the pace of genetic improvement of the herd – 0.62 % Much more opportunities in raising the rate of genetic improvement can be achieved through the introduction of genomic (GS) or marker-assisted selection (MAS). Under the terms of the genomic breeding, final estimation of pedigree value of sires is carried out during 2.5 years in the contrast with traditional breeding, which involves the time for 5 years. Experts estimate the cost from the use of GS or MAS compared with conventional breeding are up to 92%, and the efficiency of selection is improved two times. Taking into account that data of productivity of animals are associated with genes of economically useful traits, the topical issue is the selection of the optimal polymorphic marker systems for their introduction into practice of breeding and assessment of genetic structure of cattle breeds. On the basis of our results of studies of the effect of QTL – gene, the complex model genotype for the selection of animals for the purpose of increasing milk yield in animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed is like this: CSNSАВ, GHLL, βLGАВ, Pit-1АВ; Holstein – CSNS AB, GHLV, βLGАA, Pit-1АВ. Comparison of model genotypes of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy and Holstein shows that there are differences in the combination of genotypes contributing to the best development of traits. Thus, the mass fraction of the protein, the model genotypes are identical at 75% in both breeds: by the yield, quantity of milk fat and protein and total milk fat and protein model genotypes match by 50%. Due to implementation of genomic evaluation and breeding of dairy cattle, the valuation period of pedigree animals was reduced significantly. Unlike conventional breeding, the introduction of genomic selection will reduce the genetic interval in the population of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed of sires’ fathers by 4.5 years, sires’ mothers by 4.6 years, cows’ fathers by 4.6 years and cows’ mothers by 2.9 years. In the population of Holstein cattle generation interval of sires’ fathers is reduced by 4.3 years, sires’ mothers by 4.5 years, cows’ fathers by 4.5 years, and cows’ mothers by 2.7 years. The results of our studies show that the rate of genetic improvement of dairy cattle population in the main breeding traits can be improved through the selection of animals by QTL-complexes. Thus, the selection of breeding stock based on a comprehensive model of genotype on yield gave an opportunity to improve pedigree value of the maternal cows at 155 kg compared to traditional breeding, and in the population of Holstein cattle at 246 kg. Only these factors allow genetic progress in milk yield in the population of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle by 128.5 kg, which is 2.9 times more than the value of the actual genetic progress and in the population of Holstein cattle – 183.2 kg, which is three times more compared to the actual value of genetic progress for milk yield in this population. The contribution of the cows’ mothers to genetic progress increases. So, if at conventional breeding, the contribution of this category of pedigree animals was negative (-4.9%), selection on QTL complex is 3.2% and in the population of Holstein cattle 12%. If you apply the selection of other categories of pedigree animals (sires’ fathers, mothers and parents of sires) on QTL-complexes, which contribution in the genetic improvement of populations is 88.0–96.8%, the rate of genetic improvement of dairy cattle populations will greatly increase. Conclusion. To accelerate genetic improvement of dairy cattle populations it is necessary to use molecular genetic markers that control metabolic processes in the body.

scholarly journals PHENOTYPIC CONSOLIDATION OF GENEALOGICAL FORMS OF THE SUMSKY INNER TYPE OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BARK BASED ON THE EVIDENCE OF THE LINEAR ESTIMATION OF THE EXTERIORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
L. M. Hmelnychyi ◽  
S. L. Hmelnychyi ◽  
A. V. Loboda ◽  
O. I. Klуmenko
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Point System ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Group Type ◽  
Breeding Groups

Taking into account the importance of evaluation of structural breeding units of created breeds and types of dairy cattle, in the aspect of studying the genetic progress and the desired level of their phenotypic consolidation, the study was carried out to determine the coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of the leading genealogical formations of Sumy intrabreed type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed by linear traits that characterize the conformation type of animals. In studying of phenotypic consolidation of first-calf cows of different genealogical formations in the experimental group included the offspring of sires lines Valiant 1650414, Starbuck 352790 and Matt 1392858. Breeding groups, depending on the conditional part of heredity improving breed were as follows: I – 62.5–74.9; II – 75.0–87.4; III – 87.5 and >. According to the 100-point system of linear classification, which includes the assessment four groups of body structure traits characterizing dairy type, body development, condition of legs and morphological qualities of the udder, for some of them, depending on the estimated line, observed a desired direction of phenotypic consolidation within the progeny of genealogical formations and evaluated conformation complexes. At the same time, the interlinear differentiation was found on the indicators of consolidation coefficients when comparing conformation complexes. Regardless of the line's representation, a sufficient degree of phenotypic consolidation in the first-calf cows was revealed after a set of traits characterizing dairy type with variability of coefficients – 0.130–0.253 (K1) and 0.125–0.261 (K2), udder morphological qualities – 0.064–207 (K1) and 0.067–213 (K2); a final score of type 0.104–228 (K1) and 0.101–0.234 (K2). Higher coefficients of the phenotypic consolidation of the Valiant's offspring line indicate about their respective level of consolidation by group type traits. The offspring of Matt's line by the level of consolidation coefficients significantly inferior to peers of the Valiant and Starbuck lines. Unconsolidated by conformation type can include the number of animals with conditional heredity Holstein breed 62.5–74.9%. The vast majority of phenotypic consolidation coefficients of estimated traits in this group have been obtained with a negative sign, and if positive then the low level. Cows with a conditional blood of Holstein breed at the level of 75.0–87.4% occupy an intermediate position between low-and high blood hybrids. The proposed coefficients proved to be sufficiently reliable, convenient and easy to use in practical breeding method for assessing the phenotypic consolidation of breeding group’s animals of different structural units and genotypes by the conformation type. The existence of genetic influence on the degree of phenotypic consolidation of most linear traits indicates about the possibility of effective selection of dairy cattle by body structure and morphological udder traits with intensive use of purebred Holstein sires with a high score for linear type classification. In the process of using linear methods of classification, determining coefficients of phenotypic consolidation can sufficiently distinguish different by origin breeding groups of animals. According to the linear traits of conformation with development on the basis of established breeding situation of effective measures to improve the unconsolidated traits in the direction of desired type.

FEATURES OF THE EXTERIOR TYPE OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED OF THE CHERKASSY REGION, ESTIMATED BY THE LINEAR CLASSIFICATION METHOD

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
L. M. Khmelnychy
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Linear Classification ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Dairy Breed

The estimation of the first-born cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed by the exterior type in the leading breeding herds of Cherkassy region by the method of linear classification (n = 566) has been carried out. The results of the evaluated animals by the 100-score system indicate that within the group of traits, the average level of assessment is "good with the plus". The animals have been differed by the good development of group features characterizing the dairy type (82.4 score), body condition (83.5 score), limbs (82.8 score), udder (82.7 score) and overall score (82.8 score). The degree of development 18 descriptive traits of the exterior of cows, has been predicted by the method of linear classification, indicates their significant intraherd variability. Animals have the moderate height, deep body and angularity. The rump angle, the angle of hock joint and the teats length, according to the variability of scores in the range of 17.8–22.4%, have an average optimal development. The level of scores for the rear width (5.9 score), attachment of the fore (6.3 score) and the rear parts (6.0 score) of the udder testifies to their good development. The body structure of the cows-firstborn has a sufficient description of the type traits that determine their milk yield. At the present stage of selection and breeding work due to the use of bull-sires different origins and breeding value on the local population livestock with significant genotype diversity, the degree of influence each of the hereditary factors in the overall variability of linear features has a scientific and practical significance. In our studies, the force of influence conditional bloodiness of the Holstein mother's breed in the overall fraction of variability of linear type traits within the exterior complexes and the overall assessment takes a significant percentage - from 24.9 to 31.5 with a high degree of reliability according to Fischer's criterion. Among the descriptive traits, the proportion of influence the conditional bloodiness of mother, which is confirmed by high statistical confidence, ranges from 14.4 to 19.8%, and refers to the traits important for breeding. The level of coefficients of influence the father's breeding value in the total phenotypic variability for some of the linear traits is high and reliable. First of all it concerns group traits of the exterior, the development of which is determined by the pedigree value of father by 37.1–41.8%, and the overall assessment of type – by 46.6%. The coefficients of influence father's breeding value in most of the descriptive traits have high reliability (P < 0,001). The coefficients of the force of influence father, depending on the heredity of Holstein for the linear traits of almost the same level as his pedigree value. Since in this case the organized factor is purebreed Holstein and crossbreed bulls-sires of domestic selection, the positive role of Holstein heredity in improving the exterior type of cows has been traced realistically. The necessity of linear breeding, as an effective method in the system of dairy cattle breeding, has been substantiated by reliable values of the coefficients of the force of influence of father's line on the linear traits of offspring (3.4–29.5%). Despite the significant variability of coefficients of the force of influence on the linear traits, most of them have a high level of reliability within the evaluated body parts important for selection. The effect of cows belonging to the maternal line on the development of features of the body structure is insignificant and unreliable (5.3–9.2%). In the process of breeding aimed at improving cows of dairy herd by the exterior type, the pedigree value of parents has been assessed according to the method of linear classification of their daughters and their belonging to perspective genealogical formations.

Comparison of milk production, mastitis, lameness and days to conception of Brown Swiss, Holstein and Holstein cross Brown Swiss dairy cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 86-86
Author(s):  
G Wellwood ◽  
J K Margerison
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Holstein Friesian

Mastitis is a complex disease causing inflammation of the udder, which has been estimated to cost the dairy farmer between £40-£117/cow per year (Stott et al., 2002). Economic loss occurs as a result of discarded milk, reduced milk yield and milk quality, increased vet costs and an increase in replacement costs. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of breed on the incidence of mastitis and somatic cell counts and milk production capabilities of Holstein Friesian, Brown Swiss and Brown Swiss crossbred cows.

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis, Progress and Future Perspectives in Dairy Cattle Selection: A Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Gutierrez-Reinoso ◽  
Pedro M. Aponte ◽  
Manuel Garcia-Herreros
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Selection Of

Genomics comprises a set of current and valuable technologies implemented as selection tools in dairy cattle commercial breeding programs. The intensive progeny testing for production and reproductive traits based on genomic breeding values (GEBVs) has been crucial to increasing dairy cattle productivity. The knowledge of key genes and haplotypes, including their regulation mechanisms, as markers for productivity traits, may improve the strategies on the present and future for dairy cattle selection. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) such as quantitative trait loci (QTL), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), or single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) methods have already been included in global dairy programs for the estimation of marker-assisted selection-derived effects. The increase in genetic progress based on genomic predicting accuracy has also contributed to the understanding of genetic effects in dairy cattle offspring. However, the crossing within inbred-lines critically increased homozygosis with accumulated negative effects of inbreeding like a decline in reproductive performance. Thus, inaccurate-biased estimations based on empirical-conventional models of dairy production systems face an increased risk of providing suboptimal results derived from errors in the selection of candidates of high genetic merit-based just on low-heritability phenotypic traits. This extends the generation intervals and increases costs due to the significant reduction of genetic gains. The remarkable progress of genomic prediction increases the accurate selection of superior candidates. The scope of the present review is to summarize and discuss the advances and challenges of genomic tools for dairy cattle selection for optimizing breeding programs and controlling negative inbreeding depression effects on productivity and consequently, achieving economic-effective advances in food production efficiency. Particular attention is given to the potential genomic selection-derived results to facilitate precision management on modern dairy farms, including an overview of novel genome editing methodologies as perspectives toward the future.

Phenotypic evaluation of Brown Swiss dairy cattle using images processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1996-2002
Author(s):  
Hugo Alatrista-Salas ◽  
Julianna Milagros Apumayta Lopez ◽  
Eduardo Leuman Fuentes Navarro ◽  
Miguel Nunez-del-Prado
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Images Processing

scholarly journals Amino acid and mineral composition of milk from local Ukrainian cows and their crossbreedings with Brown Swiss and Montbeliarde breeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Borshch ◽  
A.V. Borshch ◽  
M.M. Lutsenko ◽  
S.V. Merzlov ◽  
L.T. Kosior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Pure Breed ◽  
Dairy Breed

The aim of this study was to analyze the mineral composition of milk, the amino acid composition of milk protein, and the productivity per 305 days of lactation in crossbred cows compared to pure-breed local Ukrainian analogues. The research was conducted at cows of the Ukrainian Black-Spotted (UBS) dairy breed and crossbred cows of the first-generation obtained as a result of crossing with Brown Swiss breed and at cows of the Ukrainian Red-Spotted (URS) dairy breed and crossbred cows of the first-generation obtained by crossing of the URS dairy breed with Montbeliarde breed. In both farms there were two groups of pure-breed and crossbred cows-analogues. The mineral composition of milk and its technological properties in crossbred cows were higher compared to the pure-breed analogues. The fat content of milk crossbred cows exceeded by 0.08-0.16%, protein exceeded by 0.15-0.22%, and the main trace elements include Ca and P – by 2.66-8.83 and 2.12-7.81 mg/100 g of milk, respectively. Milk protein of crossbred cows was marked by a more balanced composition of essential amino acids (EAAs) and their ratio suitable for processing. The amount of EAAs in 100 g of milk protein of crossbred cows was 3.11-6.25% higher compared to local analogues. Crossbred cows dominated pure-breed analogues by the mineral composition of milk. The authors recommend the use of Montbeliarde or Brown Swiss breeds in commercial herds to improve the technological properties of milk.

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