scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF UKRAINIAN GREY CATTLE BY DNA-MARKERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mokhnachova ◽  
T. Suprovich ◽  
M. Dobrynska ◽  
N. Fursa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Homozygous Genotype ◽  
Thyroglobulin Gene ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Beta Lactoglobulin ◽  
Calpain Gene

Today conservation of biodiversity is one of the most important priorities in the world. Polymorphism of farm animals is a key to successful breeding; it provides animal adaptation to environmental changes. Impoverishment of genetic resources of farm animals can lead to various negative consequences, such as significant decrease of the effectiveness of selection, existing breeds will not be able to successfully resist to infectious agents evolving constantly; valuable material for the study and analysis of breed origin will be lost. Local breeds created by national selection are valuable genetic resources. Lacking high performance in most cases, they are usually characterized by high resistance to various diseases. Ukrainian Grey cattle, as a representative of the local native breeds, are an interesting object of population research in respect not only of adaptive characteristics, but also genetic mechanisms providing phenotypic expression of certain features of productivity. Recent advances in molecular genetics have made it possible to identify genes associated with qualitative and quantitative characteristics of cattle. The most informative one in this regard is the DNA marker systems based on structural analysis of polymorphisms of genes involved in formation and operation of economically useful traits. The most common potential DNA markers of characteristics of cattle productivity include genes of growth hormone (bGH), beta-lactoglobulin (βLG), thyroglobulin (TG5), calpain (CAPN). BGH gene is an important regulator of somatic growth of animals and has lactating and fat-mobilizing effects. CSN3 gene is linked to milk protein ability and technological properties of milk. Different allelic variants of βLG gene are associated with high content casein and whey proteins in milk, fat percentage and positive impact on milk production. Milk products and falsification detection of milk are controlled by this gene. Its role has been proved in antimicrobial activity to pathogens of mastitis. TG5 gene is a precursor of tyreoid hormones such as triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine participating in formation of fat cells and the formation of meat marbling. CAPN gene is involved in proteolysis during ripening of meat and leads to higher tenderness of meat. The aim was to investigate the allelic polymorphism of genes of growth hormone, beta-lactoglobulin, thyroglobulin and calpain in Ukrainian Grey cattle. Blood samples (n = 136) from Ukrainian Grey cattle at "Markeyevo" breeding farm (Kherson region) were studied. Molecular genetic studies were conducted at Laboratory of Genetics of Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V. Zubets of NAAS. DNA isolation from whole blood was performed using standard commercial kit "DNA-Sorb-B" (produced by AmpliSens, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russia). Polymorphisms of genes of GH, βLG5, TG and CAPN1530 was investigated by PCR-RFLP. Electrophoretic separation of restriction fragments of DNA was performed in 1.5% and 2% agarose gels in tris-borate electrophoresis buffer. The results of DNA testing of beta-lactoglobulin locus for A- and B-allele variants in animals of Ukrainian Grey breed found that most of the cows were carriers of homozygous BB genotype of βLG gene. It was determined at every second investigated animals. Homozygous AA genotype was found only at two cows or it is 4%. AB genotype was represented at 45% of animals. Thus, the study found a significant prevalence of frequencies B allele over A allele (0.736 and 0.264, respectively), which leads to overwhelming homozygotisation of one of these alleles. B allele in beta-lactoglobulin gene is associated with high content of casein protein in milk and a high percentage of fat. The values of expected and observed heterozygosity at this gene were not significantly different. The study of gene polymorphism of thyroglobulin found that at the population of the represented breed, the most often seen heterozygous genotype was CT, carriers of which were 57% of the animals. In homozygous state C allele was in 31% of the animals, and T allele – only in 11%. Regarding the level of heterozygosity, we received that actual heterozygosity exceeded theoretically expected one. However, difference is statistically insignificant. Consequently, for thyroglobulin gene Ukrainian Grey cattle belong to breeds that carry the highest frequency of desired C allele for marbling of meat. The analysis of gene polymorphism of bGH indicates the absence of the animals with genotype VV in the investigated sampling, low percentage of heterozygotes (3%) and a significant portion of homozygotes for L allele (98%). Significant differences on levels of actual and expected heterozygosity for somatotropin gene we haven’t found. One of the markers of quality characteristics of meat productivity of cattle is CAPN gene. In general, the animals of Ukrainian Grey breed are characterized by the absence of polymorphism for calpain gene. All the studied animals were carriers of homozygous genotype for preferred G allele (1,0). This feature of the genetic structure of the studied population by calpain gene, animals of which are reproduced in a small array, shows breed-specific high genetic potential by quality characteristic of meat productivity, namely, the tenderness of meat. It was revealed that the population of Ukrainian Grey breed was characterized by low level of polymorphism for genes which cause milk production and meat quality indicators. Thus, homozygous genotype BB dominated for beta-lactoglobulin gene; homozygous LL genotype (98%) was also significantly prevalent and VV genotype was not detected for growth hormone gene; only genotype GG was generally found for calpain gene. And heterozygous CT genotype (57%) dominated only for TG5 locus of thyroglobulin gene.

scholarly journals Qtl-Genes in Breeds and Hybrids of Ukrainian Sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-221
Author(s):  
Vasyl’ Iovenko ◽  
Yurii Vdjvichenko ◽  
Igor Gorbatenko ◽  
Kostantyn Skrepets ◽  
Ilona Hladii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Homozygous Genotype ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Genotype A

AbstractFor the first time, the genetic structure of sheep breeds (Ascanian Fine-Fleeced, Ascanian Meat-and-Wool, AND Ascanian Karakul) and the hybrid Ascanian Fine-Fleeced × Texel was studied for structural gene variants: growth hormone, calpastatin, myostatin, and Booroola bone morphogenetic protein. In all studied groups, sheep were characterised by polymorphism of two loci, growth hormone and calpastatin. Two genotypes (A/A, A/B) represent genes of growth hormone structure, and three (M/M, M/N, N/N) represent genes of calpastatin structure. Other genes are in a monomorphic state. Analysis of the genetic relationships between the studied gene pools showed that there was a definite relationship between productivity of sheep herds and their molecular genetic parameters. Thus, the frequencies of individual genotypes and alleles change in the direction from Fine-Fleeced animals to sheep bred for meat productivity. For example, the heterozygous genotype A/B proportion of growth hormone gene increases in this direction from 0% to 38.2%, and allele A from 0.083 to 0.191. The live weight of Fine-Fleeced lambs with geno-type A/B at birth was 4.5 kg, and with homozygous genotype A/A — 4.9 kg (p < 0.001). This difference is genetically related to the meat productivity of sheep. A similar relationship was established for young Ascanian Karakul sheep. According to the distribution of polymorphic loci variants, the gene pools of Ascanian Meat-and-Wool breed and cross-bred animals are most similar closest among themselves, which is explained by the same direction of their productivity. At the same time, all populations are in genetic equilibrium according to Hardy-Weinberg equations, which indicates a high level of their consolidation. Sheep, which have the A/A homozygote of the gene growth hormone, have increased body weight.

Polymorphism of genes of Growth Hormone (GH) and Calpastatin (CAST) in wool-and-meat producing sheep

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
L. Skorykh ◽  
I. Fominova ◽  
E. Surzhikova ◽  
D. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Gh Gene ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
Cast Gene

At present, modern technologies involving the use of DNA markers, which are widely used in national breeding programs in a number of countries with developed animal husbandry are of considerable interest and have a signifi cant infl uence on improving productivity traits. A signifi cant number of genes associated with meat productivity and meat quality have been identifi ed. In sheep breeding such research has been developed only recently. Due to the growing interest in the production of young mutton and lamb, priority is given to the study of genes that control meat productivity. However, the most popular are genetic markers that are interconnected with candidate genes, whose protein products play a signifi cant role in the formation or regulation of physiological and biochemical processes. Alleles of the Growth Hormone (GH) gene and Calpastatin (CAST) gene are considered as potential markers of sheep meat productivity. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to study the polymorphism of GH and CAST genes in crossbred wool-and-meat producing sheep (1/2 Poll Dorset × 1/2 North Caucasian wool-and-meat producing breed) bred in the Stavropol Territory. The analysis of Somatotropin and Calpastatin gene polymorphism was performed by PCR-PDRF. When studying GH gene polymorphism, the genotypes AA, AB and BB have been found, the frequency of occurrence of which was 29,7; 42,8 and 27,5 %, respectively. Allele A prevailed in the studied animals – 0,786, allele B was – 0,214. The CAST gene was represented by two genotypes MM and MN (the NN genotype was absent in the animals of this group) with a frequency of 87,9 and 12,1 %, respectively. The frequency of the M allele was high at 0,94, while the n allele was low at 0,06. The results obtained during the researches indicate the establishment of a variety of allelic variants of Somatotropin and Calpastatin genes in wool-and-meat producing sheep. Further research will be aimed at studying the association of identifi ed polymorphisms with economically useful traits.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF POLYMORPHISM OF THE BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN GENE FROM MILK PRODUCTION OF COWS OF THE BELARUSIAN BLACK-MOTLEY BREED

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 215-221
Author(s):  
O. A. Epishko ◽  
V. V. Peshko ◽  
N. N. Peshko
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Calculated Frequency ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Beta Lactoglobulin

In cows of the Belarusian black-motley breed using PCR-RFLP method set gene polymorphism of beta-lactoglobulin. Identified genotypes LGBAA, LGBAВ and LGBВВ. Calculated frequency of alleles and genotypes in the gene beta-lactoglobulin. Studied milk productivity (yield of milk, fat and protein content of the milk, the amount of milk fat and milk protein) in animals with different genotypes of beta-lactoglobulin. Established the superiority of the cows with genotype LGBВВ the main indicators of milk production.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of breeds of Askanian sheep by analysing polymorphisms in qualitative trait loci

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
V. Iovenko ◽  
Yu. Vdovychenko ◽  
N. Pysarenko ◽  
K. Skrepets ◽  
I. Hladii
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Qualitative Trait ◽  
Homozygous Genotype ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Genotype A

Aim. To determine the level of polymorphism of some genes, pertaining to the quantitative traits of sheep and to study the genetic diversity and population structure of breeds of Askanian sheep and one of its hybrids. Methods. Molecular–genetic, population–statistical, biometric methods. Results. The genetic structure of populations of the Askanian Fine-Fleeced (AFF, n = 33), Askanian Meat-and-Wool (AMW, n = 22) and Askanian Karakul (AK, n = 46) breeds and a hybrid of Askanian Fine-Fleeced × Texel (AFFT, n = 40) has been studied for the fi rst time in terms of the polymorphisms of the following qualitative trait genes (loci) : meat productivity genes: ovine growth hormone (GH), calpastatin (CAST) and myostatin (MSTN); prolifi cacy genes: Booroola (fecundity gene FecB) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP15). The sheep in all studied breeds and the hybrid mentioned above are characterized by the polymorphism of two loci, GH and CAST. The other three loci studied did not show polymorphism for the markers studied. GH is present as two genotypes (A/A, A/B), and CAST as three genotypes (A/A, A/B, B/B). The remaining genes were found to be in the monomorphic state. The frequencies of certain genotypes and alleles change in the direction from fi ne–fl eeced to meat animals. For instance, the concentration of heterozygous growth hormone (GH) genotype A/B increases from 0.0 % (AFFB) to 38.2 % (AMWB), and the concentration of allele A – from 0.083 to 0.191. The live bodyweight of fi ne–fl eeced lambs with GH genotype A/B at birth equaled 4.5 kg, and those with homozygous genotype A/A – 4.9 kg (P < 0.001). Therefore, homozygous genotype А/А determined the increased level of meat productivity of sheep. A similar dependence was established at birth for the Askanian Karakul breed. Conclusions. The specifi city of genetic structure of Askanian breeds and hybrid is polymorphism of the GH and CAST and absence of polymorphism of BMP15 and FecB genes, determining the prolifi cacy (reproduction) trait. According to the distribution of polymorphic loci variants, the gene pools of Askanian Meat-and-Wool breed and the local Askanian-Texel hybrid are closely related and therefore explains the same direction of their productivity. At the same time, all populations are in a state of genetic equilibrium according to Hardy-Weinberg, which indicates a high level of their consolidation. Sheep which have the A/A homozygote of the gene growth hormone are characterized by an increased level of the body weight development.

scholarly journals Relationships of growth hormone gene and milk protein polymorphisms to milk production traits in Simmental cattle

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMMED FALAKI ◽  
ALBERTO PRANDI ◽  
CESARE CORRADINI ◽  
MYRIAM SNEYERS ◽  
NICOLAS GENGLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Gh Gene ◽  
Protein Polymorphisms

The importance of milk proteins and the positive effect of administration of growth hormone (GH) on milk production, and the presence in some dairy cattle lines of greater GH concentrations prompted us to examine the presence of restriction fragment length polymorphism at the GH gene using the restriction enzyme TaqI and to investigate associations between this polymorphism in Simmental cows and bulls, as well as milk protein variants in Simmental cows, and milk production traits. Blood and milk were sampled from 279 Italian Simmental cows and semen was collected from 148 bulls of the same breed. Two fragment bands, denoted A and B, of 6200 and 5200 bp respectively, were examined and three patterns, AA, AB and BB, were found in both animal samples. All variants previously reported in other studies, for κ, β, and αs1-caseins, and β-lactoglobulin, were found in the cows' samples. For the cows' samples, a BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Predictor) analysis of results was performed using a REML (Restricted Maximum Likelihood) program and known heritabilities, whereas for bulls we have performed a General Linear Model analysis. The effect of GH gene polymorphism, using TaqI restriction enzyme, on milk production traits was not significant, but bulls of BB pattern had a higher breeding value for milk yield than AA bulls (P<0·05). For the κ-casein genotypic effects, cows of AB genotype gave milk with 1·53±0·70 g/kg less fat than cows of AA genotype. In addition, breeding values for milk protein content were significantly higher in BB bulls, with 0·87±0·32 and 0·71±0·34 g/kg more milk protein than AA and AB bulls respectively. Thus, our results revealed a GH gene polymorphism and indicated significant effects of milk protein polymorphisms on milk production traits in the Italian Simmental breed.

АССОЦИАТИВНЫЕ СВЯЗИ ГЕНА ТИРЕОГЛОБУЛИНА С ПРОДУКТИВНЫМ ДОЛГОЛЕТИЕМ МОЛОЧНОГО СКОТА

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu.R. YULMETEVA ◽  
SH.K. SHAKIROV
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Heterozygous Genotype ◽  
Homozygous State ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Thyroglobulin Gene ◽  
Economic Use

Изучен полиморфизм гена тиреоглобулина в ассоциации с продолжительностью хозяйственного использования и продуктивностью коров. Генетический профиль популяции по совокупности частот встречаемости аллелей локуса тиреоглобулина выглядит следующим образом выявлено большинство коров-носителей аллеля С в гомозиготном состоянии до 7 лактации, однако увеличение животных с гетерозиготным генотипом наблюдалось в подвыборках 8 и 9 лактаций. В целом по изученной популяции распределение полиморфных генотипов было: TG5CС 63,5, TG5CT 32,1, TG5ТT 4,4 частота встречаемости по аллелям равна: С 0,80, Т 0,20. С увеличением возраста лактации продуктивность различается у коров с разными полиморфными генотипами. У первотелок наибольшая продуктивность установлена у особей с генотипом TG5ТT, от которых надоено на 77 кг больше, чем от гетерозиготных. Однако в дальнейшем высокая продуктивность была характерна для коров с генотипом TG5СС и TG5СT. Средний возраст в лактациях по всему изученному поголовью составляет 2,7. В динамике возраста удой в изученном стаде животных повышался до 7 лактации, максимальные значения которого по ней составили 72947300 кг. Для повышения рентабельности производства молока необходимо принимать меры по повышению продуктивного долголетия.Thyroglobulin gene polymorphism was studied in association with the duration of economic use and productivity of cows. The genetic profile of the population in terms of the frequency of occurrence of alleles of the thyroglobulin locus is as follows - the majority of cows carrying the C allele in a homozygous state up to 7 lactation were detected, however, an increase in animals with a heterozygous genotype was observed in subsamples of 8 and 9 lactations. In general, for the studied population, the distribution of polymorphic genotypes was: TG5CC - 63.5, TG5CT - 32.1, TG5TT - 4.4 the frequency of occurrence in alleles is: C - 0.80, T - 0.20. With increasing age of lactation, productivity differs in cows with different polymorphic genotypes. In heifers, the highest productivity was found in individuals with the TG5TT genotype, from which 77 kg more were fed than from heterozygous ones. However, in the future, high productivity was characteristic for cows with the genotypes TG5CC and TG5CT. The average age in lactations throughout the studied population is 2.7. In the dynamics of age, milk yield in the studied herd of animals increased to 7 lactation, the maximum values of which amounted to 7294-7300 kg. To increase the profitability of milk production, it is necessary to take measures to increase productive longevity.

scholarly journals Assessment of the occurrence of gene polymorphisms CAPN316 and UoGCAST in the population of cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4786-4789
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Heterozygous State ◽  
Endogenous Inhibitor ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Calpain System ◽  
Homozygous Form

To solve the problem of increasing the rate of breeding, but reduce the breeding work with farm animals, it is necessary to form herds with the desired level of productivity, that are adapted to specific regions of breeding, resistant to various diseases, with a decrease in the time for the breeding process. The active use of molecular genetic methods has contributed to the expansion of the list of DNA markers for farm animals, which are candidate genes for economically useful traits. Among these genes are widely known members of the calpain-calpastatin system, which is associated with postmortem proteolysis and tenderisation of muscles. The calpain system consists of an actively expressed μ-calpain (CAPN1) and m-calpain (CAPN2) and a single endogenous inhibitor, CAPN1 and CAPN2-calpastatin (CAST). The study of polymorphisms of these genes contributes to the expansion of marker characterisation in breeding. DNA samples (n=139) obtained from the blood of cattle were used in the work. Real-time PCRs were carried out using a ANK-32 programmable thermocycler (Synthol, Moscow, Russia). The CAPN316 gene polymorphism was present in 15% of animals tested, with allele G being found in 85% of animals. Similar calculations on the occurrence of the UoGCAST gene polymorphism in this sample of animals found the desirable allele G in 22% of animals and allele C in the remaining 78%. From the analysis of the occurrence of both genes and their polymorphisms in the study population, animals that had a combination of both desirable genotypes (CC*GG*) of CAPN316 and UoGCAST genes were not identified. There were also no animals that had the desired CAPN316 CC genotype and the heterozygous state of the UoGCAST gene (CC*GC). While 7.6% of the animals were CC*GG for the desirable expression of gene CAPN316, they contained the homozygous form of the gene UoGCAST.

scholarly journals Sequence Variations in the Bovine Growth Hormone Gene Characterized by Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) Analysis and Their Association with Milk Production Traits in Holsteins

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 1809-1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbo Yao ◽  
Samuel E Aggrey ◽  
David Zadworny ◽  
J Flan Hayes ◽  
Urs Kühnlein
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Sscp Analysis ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Sequence Variations ◽  
Conformation Polymorphism

Sequence variations in the bovine growth hormone (GH) gene were investigated by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of seven amplified fragments covering almost the entire gene (2.7 kb). SSCPs were detected in four of these fragments and a total of six polymorphisms were found in a sample of 128 Holstein bulls. Two polymorphisms, a T→C transition in the third intron (designated GH4.1) and an A→C transversion in the fifth exon (designated GH6.2), were shown to be associated with milk production traits. GH4.1c/GH4.1c bulls had higher milk yield than GH4.1c/GH4.1t (P ≤ 0.005) and GH4.1t/GH4.1t (P ≤ 0.0022) bulls. GH4.1c/GH4.1c bulls had higher kg fat (P ≤ 0.0076) and protein (P ≤ 0.0018) than GH4.1c/GH4.1t bulls. Similar effects on milk production traits with the GH6.2 polymorphism were observed with the GH6.2a allele being the favorable allele. The average effects of the gene substitution for GH4.1 and GH6.2 are similar, with ±300 kg for milk yield, ±8 kg for fat content and ±7 kg for protein content per lactation. The positive association of GH4.1c and GH6.2a with milk production traits may be useful for improving milk performance in dairy cattle.

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