Eojejimun of King Yeongjo's verbal Statement, The Existence of Myoji on Prince Sado and Examination of Bibliography

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Byung-Chul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Statement

scholarly journals The Effects of Social Labels on the Allocation of Resources to Equivalent Stimuli: Does One Rotten Apple Spoil the Whole Barrel?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickey Keenan ◽  
Jacqueline Schenk ◽  
Caleb Coyle ◽  
Lauren Reid ◽  
Stephen Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Social Psychology ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Equivalence Classes ◽  
Baseline Assessment ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Good Person ◽  
Transfer Of Function ◽  
Verbal Statement ◽  
Class 1

Abstract The studies reported here examine how participants distribute resources to arbitrary stimuli in an equivalence class after one stimulus is given a social label. In Experiment 1, two 3-member equivalence classes were established with nonsense syllables (Class 1: A1 (ZID), B1 (YIM), C1 (FAP) and Class 2: A2 (VEK), B2 (RIX), C2 (KUD)) using matching-to-sample training. A social function was then assigned to B1 only, using the simple verbal statement "YIM is a Good person." Next, participants were instructed to allocate tokens to stimuli in whatever way they consider appropriate. In general, the percentage distribution of tokens allocated to Class 1 was greater than those allocated to Class 2. Participants were then informed that a mistake had been made “Sorry I have made a mistake. YIM was actually a bad person not a good person.” Participants were again asked to allocate tokens. In general, results showed a reduction in the distribution of tokens allocated to Class 1, with a relatively higher decrease for B1, and an increase in the distribution allocated to Class 2. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1 with the addition of a baseline assessment of token distribution prior to examining the effects of adding a social function to B1. During this baseline, the distribution of tokens was relatively similar across both classes. When social functions were added, marked differences occurred in the distribution depending on whether YIM was described as a “Good” or a “Bad” person. Results are discussed regarding transfer of function and its relevance to experimental social psychology.

Reinforcer Acquisition in Discrimination Learning

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 843-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart I. Offenbach
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Verbal Reinforcement ◽  
Verbal Statement ◽  
Reinforcement Value ◽  
Direction Opposite

This experiment extended an earlier study in which a buzzer sound was combined in pretraining with “Right” or “Wrong.” A two-choice discrimination learning task was presented immediately following the pretraining. Children learned that the buzz had meaning (in a direction opposite the verbal statement with which it was combined). In the present experiment, Nothing (N, E's silence) wa5 examined instead of the buzz. The data indicated that Nothing, when combined with “Right” (R) or “Wrong” (W) in the verbal reinforcement combinations NW and RN, also acquired reinforcement value opposite that of the verbal statement.

Children's reproductions: effects of event order and implied vs. directly stated causation

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Homzie ◽  
Carol B. Gravitt
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Nursery School ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Unrelated Control ◽  
Verbal Statement ◽  
Event Order

ABSTRACTThe utterance The man fell down because he slipped on a banana peel is a verbal statement in which causation is stated directly, and the major events are not reported in the perceptual order of occurrence. Surprisingly, in retelling 20 ‘stories’, 23 nursery-school children often refused to produce sentences in which causation was stated directly, but readily retold causationimplied utterances; performance was worst for unrelated (control) stories. Moreover, backward temporal order hurt performance only when causation was stated directly. Except for this latter condition, memory was best for the first half of the stories regardless of the temporal arrangement of the clauses. Finally, the majority of the story events were reproduced in the linguistic order in which they had been originally presented.

scholarly journals INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS AND VERBAL STATEMENT OF COMBINED FORENSIC EXAMINATION IN CIGARETTE SMUGGLING CASE

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 253-266
Author(s):  
D. Peikstenytê ◽  
D. Vasiliauskienê
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Verbal Scale ◽  
Verbal Statement ◽  
Cigarette Smuggling ◽  
Interpretation Of Results

The scale of smuggling of tobacco products in Lithuania is reviewed. The possibilities of assistance of experts from the Forensic Science Center of Lithuania in investigation of cigarette smuggling case are described. The verbal scale of results evaluation used in Department of Examination of Materials and Other Objects is discussed, on the basis of which the conclusion about the categorical contact of the objects is made.

scholarly journals Penolakan Fazlur Rahman terhadap hadis teknis pada hukum keperdataan

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Abdul Fatah Idris
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Real Condition ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Dynamic Interpretation ◽  
Verbal Statement ◽  
Interpretation Method

Muhammad SAW is a prophet that will be followed by his members. Therefore all what He said and didand His attitudes become a sunnah. However, after the prophet passed away, His hadith had developedbecause they were a verbal statement of the prophet’s sunnah done by the continuing generations. Untiltoday, there have been some hadith that have different pronunciation and interpretation. Such hadithmight be influenced by real condition of the environment. This discussion was directed towards FazlulRahman’s perception on technical hadith in the civil law. Fazlul Rahman had a notion that technicalhadith was a hadith sourced from Muhammad SAW prophet, however, it was massively made by Hisfriends, either tabi’in or itba’ tabi’n. The method used in this review was historical approach methodand interpretative approaches that was generally used by historical tek-tek researcher, as prophet’s hadith.Or this research used term approach of asbab al-nuzul that was frequently done by salaf clergies. Thesignificance of this research was aimed to know Fazlul Rahman’s conception on technical hadith on civillaw, and to find out his refusal reasons towars them. The research found the result that technical hadithon civil law was hadith produced from creative and dynamic interpretation method toward prophet’ssunnah done by the continuing generation. Therefore, Fazlul Rahman refused the technical hadithbecause they were unhistorical and biographical hadith, and also, they were assumed as unscientifichadith. Furthermore, most of technical hadith contained of different opinion among clergies, so that itshowed the weakness of historical base. So, theoretically, technical hadith could be accepted by us asdiscourse of knowledge, but practically it often raised law controversy in the society.

Improved Techniques in Palatography and Kymography

1950 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Firth ◽  
H. J. F. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
English School ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Descriptive Linguistics ◽  
Verbal Statement ◽  
Set Up ◽  
General Linguistic ◽  
Speech Events ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Made In

Since the early ‘thirties we have found it necessary constantly and independently to review the sort of abstractions usually made in descriptive linguistics, and in making new ones to refer them to a schematic framework of levels, at each one of which some component of meaning could be handled by a system of constructs and stated.Professor Panconcelli-Calzia seems only recently to have awakened to the idea that four-fifths of linguistics, including even experimental phonetics, is invention rather than discovery. The work of the English school of phonetics since the time of the Bells has been rich in invention, and earned the inadequate description of being “practical”. In the best sense of the word, descriptive linguistics must be practical, since its abstractions, fictions, inventions, call them what you will, are designed to handle instances of speech, spoken or written, and make statements of the meaning of what may be called typical speech events. All these fictions, whether made by machines or by direct verbal statement may perhaps be figuratively described as “asymptotic”.If we are constantly mindful of the different levels of abstraction and the nature of the fictions set up, the inventions of kymography and palatography and the inventions of phonology or other branches of linguistics may be brought into relation and used to justify one another mutually.The purpose of the present article is to give an illustration of the pressure of “invention” at the levels of phonology and even of general linguistic theory, which has led to ancillary “inventions” in the laboratory.

Children’s Evaluations of Tattles, Confessions, Prosocial and Antisocial Lies

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Talwar ◽  
Shanna Mary Williams ◽  
Sarah-Jane Renaud ◽  
Cindy Arruda ◽  
Christine Saykaly
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Moral Evaluation ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Communicative Intent ◽  
Children's Perceptions ◽  
Children’S Perceptions ◽  
Verbal Statement ◽  
Novel Method

Lie-telling is a false verbal statement made with the intention to deceive another. Lies may be told for selfish reasons or due to prosocial motivations. As a result, the veracity of a statement holds more than just communicative intent but rather represents social intentions. In the current experiment children (6- to 12-years old) viewed 12 vignettes which depicted a protagonist either telling a truth or a lie. The protagonist’s statements either hurt another or themselves (other versus self). Following viewing of each vignette participants provided a moral evaluation of the protagonist’s statement (five-point Likert) and a classification of the statements; as either a truth or lie. Additionally, a novel method of evaluating statements was introduced, whereby children evaluated communicative intent as an act, to be rewarded or punished. Results revealed that both lies and truths were accurately identified, with the exception of altruistic lies (benefits to another) and tattling truths (harms another). Younger children rewarded truthful statements, which harmed or hurt another, significantly more often than older children. Older children ranked lies to help another significantly more favorably than lies to protect the self. Children also rewarded confessions and punished antisocial lies most frequently. Results highlight the notable differences in children’s perceptions of varying forms of honesty and lying.

scholarly journals Menyingkap Maqasid Profetik dalam Hadis tentang Relasi Laki-Laki dan Perempuan

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 819
Author(s):  
Umma Farida ◽  
H Hardivizon ◽  
Abdurrohman Kasdi
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Verbal Statement ◽  
Cultural Order ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Universe

Revealing the Prophetic Maqasid in the Hadith About Relationships between Men and WomenThe textual reading of the Prophet's hadith about the relationship between men and women often results in discriminatory and subordinating attitudes towards certain genders. This article aims to reread the hadith about the relationship between men and women. It emphasizes the disclosure of prophetic Maqasid or the orientation and purpose of prophethood in the hadith. This study uses a descriptive-analytical method by criticizing the traditions about the relationship between men and women contained in the books of Sunan Abi Dawud, al-Tirmidzi, and al-Darimi. The result shows that revealing the prophetic Maqasid in these traditions is urgent considering that the purpose of Muhammad's sending was to spread love to the universe based on monotheism (Tawhid). Tawhid is not only a verbal statement. It becomes the main foundation in building a socio-political-cultural order that promotes equality and balance between men and women. A balanced and harmonious relationship between the two becomes the Maqasid of the Prophet in every utterance and policy he established. The balance of relations between men and women by relying on a correct and comprehensive understanding of the hadith of the Prophet opens opportunities for women to perform and play the roles that need them for the good of humanity universally

scholarly journals Cleft as a Marker of a Thetic Sentence: Evidence from Irish and Russian

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Maria Shkapa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Normal Position ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Sentence Construction ◽  
Pragmatic Function ◽  
Celtic Languages ◽  
Verbal Statement ◽  
The Subject

P. Mac Cana in his paper on Celtic word order notes that modern Celtic languages preserving VSO have a special construction where “the emphasis expressed by the abnormal word-order applies to the whole verbal statement and not merely, or especially, to the subject or object which takes the initial position” (Mac Cana 1973: 102). He gives examples from Welsh and Irish: ‘Faoi Dhia, goidé tháinig ort?’ ars an t-athair. by God what.it happened to.you said the father “In God's name, what happened to you?” asked the father. ‘Micheál Rua a bhuail mé,’ ars an mac. Micheál Rua rel hit me said the son “Micheál Rua gave me a beating,” said the son. In recent literature sentences of this kind acquired the name thetic. Thetic (Sentence Focus) construction is a “sentence construction formally marked as expressing a pragmatically structured proposition in which both the subject and the predicate are in focus; the focus domain is the sentence, minus any topical non-subject arguments” (Lambrecht 1997: 190). Cleft construction “designed” for focussing one XP of a clause is used in the sentence above to mark the whole clause as focussed. The effect is achieved by extracting the usual topic of a sentence – its subject – from its normal position and thus ascribing to it and to the whole clause a new pragmatic function. Such usage of cleft is by no means universal (e.g. it is not possible in English) but meets a parallel in Russian eto-cleft which has the same two meanings – focussing an XP and forming a thetic sentence. These two usages are generally regarded as two different constructions having different syntactic structures (see [Kimmelmann 2007] and literature cited there). However, existence of a typological parallel enables us to view it as a case of pragmatic homonymy.

scholarly journals Infants understand that only in social interaction language updates an agent's false belief

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Schulze ◽  
David Buttelmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Mental States ◽  
False Belief ◽  
The Social ◽  
Verbal Statement ◽  
Communicative Act ◽  
Violation Of Expectation ◽  
Actual Location

Correcting a person’s false belief verbally seems to affect infants’ predictions of this person’s belief-based actions. However, the role of the context in which this verbal correction takes place has not been investigated. That is, it is not yet clear whether it is the social interaction between interlocutors that makes children interpret an utterance as a communicative act that alters the recipient’s mental states. Using a violation-of-expectation paradigm, we tested whether 18-month-olds (n=84) understood that for a communicative act to be successful in repairing an agent’s false belief, the agent had to discern the verbal statement. Participants saw how an agent put a toy into a box and left. An assistant then moved the toy into a cup. Before the agent reached into either the box or the cup, an intervention phase varied the social context within which communication took place. In a social context without any statement, infants expected the agent to search the toy at the original location. In a non-social context with a statement, infants had no clear expectations. However, in a social context with a statement, infants updated their predictions about the agent’s action, expecting her to search the toy at the actual location. Thus, 18-month-olds infer that a social interaction is required for a communicative act to be successful and to repair an agent’s false belief.

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