scholarly journals Geometric approaches to computing 3D-landscape metrics

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Sorin Stupariu ◽  
Ileana Georgeta Pàtru-Stupariu ◽  
Roxana Cuculici
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Triangle Mesh ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
Modern Landscape ◽  
The Relationship

The relationships between patterns and processes lie at the core of modern landscape ecology. These dependences can be quantified by using indices related to the patch-corridor-matrix model. This model conceptualizes landscapes as planar mosaics consisting of discrete patches. On the other hand, relief variability is a key factor for many ecological processes, and therefore these processes can be better modeled by integrating information concerning the third dimension of landscapes. This can be done by generating a triangle mesh which approximates the original terrain. The aim of this methodological paper is to introduce two new constructions of triangulations which replace a digital elevation model. These approximation methods are compared with the method which was already used in the computation of 3D-landscape metrics (firstly for parameterized surfaces and secondly for two landscape mosaics). The statistical analysis shows that all three methods are of almost equal sensitivity in reflecting the relationship between terrain ruggedness and the patches areas and perimeters. In particular, either of the methods can be used for approximating the real values of these basic metrics. However, the two methods introduced in this paper have the advantage of yielding continuous approximations of the terrain, and this fact could be useful for further developments.

scholarly journals Classification of the Tatra Mountain lakes in terms of the duration of their ice cover (Poland and Slovakia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Gadek ◽  
Mirosław Szumny ◽  
Bartłomiej Szypuła
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Mountain Environment ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper presents the results of a classification of the Tatra lakes based on the duration of their ice cover, altitude, volume, and potential incoming solar radiation (PISR). It is embedded in the context of the impact of current climate change on the mountain environment. A digital elevation model, morphometric data, satellite imagery from the winter seasons of 2015-2017 and the Wrocław taxonomy method were used in the study. It was found that the order of freezing and thawing of the lakes investigated may change from year to year. The relationship between ice cover duration and altitude is clearly weakened by variations in lake volumes, with insolation having a noticeably lesser effect. Determining the duration of ice cover of the lakes over several seasons facilitates identifying the similarities and dissimilarities between them. Five groups of lakes displaying similar characteristics were identified as well as 2 groups of lakes with highly individual characteristics. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the duration of ice cover on the Tatra lakes has been shortening noticeably over the last 100 years. Small high-altitude lakes seem to be most vulnerable to climate change.

scholarly journals Durability of forest cover in the Ochotnica Valley (Gorce Mts.) and in the Solinka Valley (Bieszczady Mts.) in the 18th-21st centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Godziek ◽  
Bartłomiej Szypuła
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Proportional Relationship ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Topographical Maps

Forests in the Carpathians are increasing their range mainly due to the expansion in former agricultural areas. In this study conducted for two valleys (88 and 69 km2 ) topographical maps from 18th to 20th century and an orthophotomap were used in order to determine the durability of forest cover. This durability is understood as the period of time during which a given area was presumably occupied by forest. A digital elevation model (DEM) and a digital surface model (DSM) of 1x1m resolution were applied to investigate the relationship between forest cover durability and altitude, slope, aspect and the mean height of trees. The variety of spatial structure of forest cover durability results mainly from the differences of the examined valleys accessibility. Positive correlation between forest cover durability and the mean height of trees and altitude found for both valleys. A directly proportional relationship between forest cover durability and slopes also occurs in the Solinka Valley.

scholarly journals Knickzone Extraction Tool (KET) – A new ArcGIS toolset for automatic extraction of knickzones from a DEM based on multi-scale stream gradients

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuba Zahra ◽  
Uttam Paudel ◽  
Yuichi S. Hayakawa ◽  
Takashi Oguchi
Keyword(s):  
Require Time ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Landform Development ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Identification Techniques ◽  
Local Gradient ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractExtraction of knickpoints or knickzones from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has gained immense significance owing to the increasing implications of knickzones on landform development. However, existing methods for knickzone extraction tend to be subjective or require time-intensive data processing. This paper describes the proposed Knickzone Extraction Tool (KET), a new raster-based Python script deployed in the form of an ArcGIS toolset that automates the process of knickzone extraction and is both fast and more user-friendly. The KET is based on multi-scale analysis of slope gradients along a river course, where any locally steep segment (knickzone) can be extracted as an anomalously high local gradient. We also conducted a comparative analysis of the KET and other contemporary knickzone identification techniques. The relationship between knickzone distribution and its morphometric characteristics are also examined through a case study of a mountainous watershed in Japan.

MAPPING MULTI-SCALED LANDSCAPE TYPOLOGY OF LANG SON PROVINCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-220
Author(s):  
Dung Bui Thi Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Landscape Classification ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Landscape Research ◽  
Natural Components ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Landscape Units ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Soil And Land Cover

The landscape of a territory is generated by natural components, and it is also influenced by human activities. The complexity of factors making up landscape and the relationship between them with humans has created a diverse and complex differentiation of landscape in Lang Son province. Three factors reflecting typical characteristics of Lang Son landscape: Digital Elevation Model (DEM), soil, and land cover have been selected in this study. The concept of multiscaled landscape classification based on the European Landscape Convention (ELC) is applied for combining the holistic with parametric approaches and combining typological with multi-scaled landscape classifications. A number of possible combinations between 9 land cover variables, 9 soil combination variables, and 5 topographic variables have yielded 40 landscape units for Lang Son province. The obtained results are basic documents for contributing to modern and practical landscape research on the one hand, and to territory planning for sustainable development of Lang Son on the other hand.

Study on Quantity Calculation and Influencing Simulation of Debris Flow Based on Three-Dimensional Remote Sensing System

2012 ◽  
Vol 594-597 ◽  
pp. 2309-2317
Author(s):  
Yan Li Yin ◽  
Bo Xu ◽  
Mo Wen Xie ◽  
Xiang Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Topographic Parameters

Debris flow is a huge geological disaster，the prediction of the quantity of debris flow is very significant. In this paper, combined with three-dimensional (3D) remote sensing image interpretation, a quantitative method has been proposed to calculate the quantity of debris flow. In the catchment of debris flow, the topography has been divided into zero-time valleys and one-time valleys, and the quantity of debris flow is calculated by two analytical ways of the full amount of portative matter and the amount of portative matter only caused by rainfall. In addition, based on the digital elevation model (DEM) and the amount of portative matter caused by rainfall, the spatial analysis function of the geographic information system (GIS) has been used to calculate the topographic parameters of the cross sectional area and the regional plane area of the catchment of debris flow. Then the relationship of the soil-rock output and the topographic parameters can be discriminated. Furthermore, the influencing range of debris flow can be stimulated. By practices, the analytical results can be used to estimate the dangerous area of potential debris flow.

scholarly journals Disastrous ice breaks in Eastern Serbia: GIS analysis of their relationship with orographic characteristics

2018 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Nenad Marković ◽  
Miroslava Marković
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Mapping Software ◽  
Gis Tools ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Forest Division ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

At the end of November/beginning of December 2014, an ice wave hit the whole of Eastern Serbia and caused extensive ice and snow breaks in the forest areas managed by SE `Srbijašume` - Forest Estates of Niš, Boljevac, Kruševac, Despotovac and Kučevo. The areas affected were determined by identifying all the affected units of forest division - with the lowest accuracy at the level of forest stands and, where possible by GPS recording in the field in order to ensure greater accuracy. The identified areas were presented in GIS mapping software. The total area affected by ice breaks amounted to 19,419.78 ha. It included 8,301.01 ha of high forests, 8,997.37 ha of coppice forests and 2,121.40 ha of artificially-established stands. Considering the size of the forest area affected by ice breaks on the one hand, and the huge environmental impact of forests on the other hand, this phenomenon may be considered a natural disaster. Having identified the affected forest areas, an analysis of the relationship between orographic characteristics and ice break occurrence was carried out with the use of GIS tools. The following orographic characteristics were studied: the elevation, the terrain aspect and the slope, all obtained from the digital elevation model (DEM) at a resolution of 1 arc-second. Elevation had the greatest influence on the occurrence of ice breaks. The largest area affected (ca.17,000 ha) was in the range from 600 to 900 m above sea level, i.e. in the belt of low-mountain relief. Regarding the aspect of the investigated terrain, the largest areas affected by ice breaks had northern (ca. 4,000 ha) and northeastern aspects (ca. 3,500 ha), while the remaining areas were equally distributed in all other aspects. The slope was not found to have any significant effects on the occurrence of ice breaks. This disaster brought about most severe and extensive consequences in broad-leaved and coniferous ecosystems and the environment in general, with long-term adverse effects such as changing soil water regimes, erosion, declining atmospheric oxygen levels and reduced carbon accumulated in biomass.

scholarly journals Flood modelling using satellite-based precipitation estimates and digital elevation model in eastern Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaidoon Abdulrazzaq ◽  
Nadia Aziz ◽  
Abdulkareem Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Flood Prediction ◽  
Tropical Rainfall ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The Relationship

Increasingly available and a virtually uninterrupted supply of satellite-estimated rainfall data is gradually becoming a cost-effective source of input for flood prediction under a variety of circumstances. The study conducted in Wasit province/Eastern Iraq when a flood occurs due to heavy rainfall in May 2013. In this study the capability of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) rainfall daily data have been used to estimate the relationship between measured precipitation and the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), also to study the relationship between rainfall intensity and flood waters areas. Rainfall estimation by remote sensing using satellite-derived data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) is a possible means of supplementing rain gauge data, having the better spatial cover of rainfall fields. The approach used throughout this paper has integrated recently compiled data derived from satellite imagery (rainfall, and digital elevation model) into a GIS geodatabase to study the relationship between rainfall intensity and floodwater's areas then the results' comparison with the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) after the flood. ArcGIS software has been used to process, analyze the archived Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation data, and calculate NDWI from Landsat 8 images. In conclusions, the study explains the flood-area clearly captured by the TRMM measurements; and the region’s water increased. Also, good correlation between measured precipitation and the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has been detected.

scholarly journals Application of digital elevation model for mapping vegetation tiers

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Volařík
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Data Variability ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this paper is to explore possibilities of application of digital elevation model for mapping vegetation tiers (altitudinal vegetation zones). Linear models were used to investigate the relationship between vegetation tiers and variables derived from a digital elevation model – elevation and potential global radiation. The model was based on a sample of 138 plots located from the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> to the 5<SUP>th</SUP> vegetation tier. Potential global radiation was computed in r.sun module in geographic information system GRASS. The final model explained 84% of data variability and employed variables were found to be sufficient for modelling vegetation tiers in the study area. Applied methodology could be used to increase the accuracy and efficiency of mapping vegetation tiers, especially in areas where such task is considered difficult (e.g. agricultural landscape).

scholarly journals Estimation of Mining and Landfilling Activities with Associated Overburden through Satellite Data: Germany 2000–2010

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Yoshida ◽  
Keijiro Okuoka ◽  
Alessio Miatto ◽  
Liselotte Schebek ◽  
Hiroki Tanikawa
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Environmental Strain ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The Relationship

Despite ever-increasing material extraction on the global scale, very few studies have focused on the relationship between mining activities, overburden, and landfilling. This is mainly due to the lack of statistical data. Yet, large mining activities cause environmental strain to the natural environment, and are often cause of irreversible alterations to the natural landscape. To circumvent this problem, we develop a methodology that employs the digital elevation model and land cover to detect and analyze mining and landfilling site over time. We test our methodology with the case of Germany for the years 2000–2010. We then confront our results with statistically available data, to verify whether this methodology can be applied to other countries. Results from the analysis of satellite data give 15.3 Pg of extracted materials and 7.8 Pg of landfilled materials, while statistics report 29.4 Pg and 1.8 Pg, respectively. This large difference was likely due to the different frequency of recording, where satellite data was updated after 10 years, while statistics were reported yearly. The analysis of the anthropogenic disturbance with spatial information can effectively contribute to observe, analyze, and quantify mining activities, overburden, and landfills, and can thus provide policy makers with useful and practical information regarding resource usage and waste management.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document