scholarly journals Ground level concentrations of hydrocarbon emissions from diesel fuelled electric power generators

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-681 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Worst Case Scenario ◽  
Ground Level Concentration

<div> <p>ISC-Aermod view dispersion model has been used to study the ground level concentration of hydrocarbon (HC). The purpose was to predict the air quality effects from off-grid diesel power generators operated by a textile factory in Lagos, Nigeria on its host airshed. Emissions from 22 point sources in 5 sections of the factory were considered with 6 different scenarios. 4 years of hourly meteorological observations were used for the investigation of dispersion. The model output showed the highest value of maximum ground level concentration at 90 m south east of the factory. The predicted impact using the worst case scenario showed that the ambient HC of the host air shed will change by 0.01-0.05% of Nigeria&rsquo;s Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV) standard. HC emissions from factory will not significantly affect the host air shed as the maximum concentrations from the worst case scenario were still lower than the national standard. However, since emissions from other factories will also be released into the same host environment, an integrated approach factoring the contributions from other factories should be employed in host air quality management.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Temporal Trend of PM10 and Associated Human Health Risk over the Past Decade in Cluj-Napoca City, Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5331
Author(s):  
Levente Levei ◽  
Maria-Alexandra Hoaghia ◽  
Marius Roman ◽  
Luminita Marmureanu ◽  
Corina Moisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Worst Case Scenario ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Air Quality Guidelines

The human health risk associated with PM10 exposure was assessed for the residents of Cluj-Napoca city, Romania, for a best case-scenario based on the monthly average PM10 and for a worst-case scenario based on the monthly 90th percentile of PM10 concentration. As no toxicity value for PM10 was available, for the calculation of the hazard quotient, the toxicity value was considered to be equal to the annual limit value (40 µm/m3) set in the European Union (EU), and to air quality guidelines (20 µm/m3) set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The daily PM10 concentrations for the period 2009–2019, at the four monitoring stations existing in Cluj-Napoca, were obtained from the National Air Quality Monitoring Network. The annual PM10 values ranged between 20.3 and 29.5 µg/m3, and were below the annual limit value (40 µg/m3) set by European and national legislation, but above the annual air quality guideline (20 µg/m3) set by WHO. Generally, the monthly PM10 concentrations were higher from October to March than in the rest of the year. The monthly air quality index (AQI) showed the good to moderate quality of the air during the whole decade; however, there were days when the air quality was unhealthy for sensitive population groups. The air quality was more or less constant during the warm months, and improved significantly for the cold months from 2009 to 2019. In the best-case scenario, calculated using the EU annual limit value for PM10, the potential non-carcinogenic chronic health risk was present only in 2009 and 2010, but in the worst-case scenario, in each year there were periods, especially in the cold months, in which health risk was present. When considering the WHO air quality guidelines in the calculation of the health risk, the potential non-carcinogenic chronic health risk was present between October and March in each year in the best-case scenario, and in most of the months in the worst-case scenario.

Reducing Probabilistic Weather Forecasts to the Worst Case Scenario: Anchoring Effects

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Savelli ◽  
Susan Joslyn ◽  
Limor Nadav-Greenberg ◽  
Queena Chen
Keyword(s):  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Worst Case Scenario ◽  
Anchoring Effects

scholarly journals A Comparison of Match Demands Using Ball-in-Play versus Whole Match Data in Professional Soccer Players of the English Championship

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Dylan Mernagh ◽  
Anthony Weldon ◽  
Josh Wass ◽  
John Phillips ◽  
Nimai Parmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Worst Case Scenario ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Peak Match ◽  
Playing Time

This is the first study to report the whole match, ball-in-play (BiP), ball-out-of-play (BoP), and Max BiP (worst case scenario phases of play) demands of professional soccer players competing in the English Championship. Effective playing time per soccer game is typically <60 min. When the ball is out of play, players spend time repositioning themselves, which is likely less physically demanding. Consequently, reporting whole match demands may under-report the physical requirements of soccer players. Twenty professional soccer players, categorized by position (defenders, midfielders, and forwards), participated in this study. A repeated measures design was used to collect Global Positioning System (GPS) data over eight professional soccer matches in the English Championship. Data were divided into whole match and BiP data, and BiP data were further sub-divided into different time points (30–60 s, 60–90 s, and >90 s), providing peak match demands. Whole match demands recorded were compared to BiP and Max BiP, with BiP data excluding all match stoppages, providing a more precise analysis of match demands. Whole match metrics were significantly lower than BiP metrics (p < 0.05), and Max BiP for 30–60 s was significantly higher than periods between 60–90 s and >90 s. No significant differences were found between positions. BiP analysis allows for a more accurate representation of the game and physical demands imposed on professional soccer players. Through having a clearer understanding of maximum game demands in professional soccer, practitioners can design more specific training methods to better prepare players for worst case scenario passages of play.

Legal adaptability in Elbonia

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias M. Siems
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Worst Case Scenario ◽  
The Law

Law has to be able to respond to new or changing circumstances. This ‘legal adaptability’ may be more important than details in the ‘law as such’. However, its meaning and its significance have not yet been analysed in detail. Thus, legal adaptability will be examined in this article. It looks at the worst case scenario by discussing a fictional country (Elbonia) where legal adaptability is poor, and identifies the main adaptability criteria. By using empirical data from the three Baltic States (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia), it also provides an example of how to ascertain the degree of legal adaptability of particular countries.

Discussion of the Worst Case Scenario of FLD0

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naji Arwashan
Keyword(s):  
Simple Formula ◽  
Forming Limit Diagram ◽  
Forming Limit ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Grid Analysis ◽  
Worst Case Scenario ◽  
Minimum Value

Abstract The Forming Limit Diagram is used in circle grid analysis to check the safety of a formed panel. The shape of the Forming Limit Diagram for steel is always the same, it is only the vertical position of the diagram that varies depending on the value of FLD0. For steel, FLD0 is widely accepted to be dependent on the thickness and n value which are both inherently indeterministic, and can exhibit variations, small or large, depending on the manufacturing process. To account for this variability in determining the safety of a formed panel, the engineering practice in many companies is to use a minimum value for FLD0 called Worst Case Scenario, because it is calculated using minimum values for both t and n. This paper presents a different and better approach to calculate the minimum value of FLD0. The approach is based on probabilistic concepts, and allows the calculation of a minimum value for FLD0 that is related to a certain probability of occurrence. The derivation technique used in the paper is borrowed from Reliability Analysis and tailored to solve our problem. The derivation leads to a simple formula that can be easily used. The minimum value of FLD0 calculated according to the paper is more accurate than the Worst Case Scenario, and provides better cost saving since it is always greater than the Worst Case Scenario value.

Genetic Family Histories: An Aid to Social Work Assessment

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Bernhardt ◽  
Julia B. Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Genetic Services ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Worst Case Scenario ◽  
Family Histories ◽  
Work Assessment ◽  
Focus Depth ◽  
Service Training ◽  
Agency Design

The focus, depth, and use of genetic family histories vary depending on the agency purpose and the client's presenting problem. Failure to obtain genetic family histories can result in inaccurate assessment and incomplete or misdirected services. In the worst-case scenario, failure to obtain such information and to advise clients of available genetic services are potential grounds for malpractice and wrongful-adoption suits. The authors discuss approaches to obtaining and recording genetic family histories and present criteria for referral to genetic services. The authors recommend that agency administrators consider consulting with a genetic professional to determine the appropriate focus of genetic family histories within the agency, design a protocol, and arrange in-service training in use of the protocol.

scholarly journals Vertical Head Velocity During Worst-Case Scenario Swim Starts

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel M. Stager ◽  
Andrew C. Cornett ◽  
Hiroki Naganobori
Keyword(s):  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Head Velocity ◽  
Worst Case Scenario
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