scholarly journals Assessment of mining soil improvement after construction and demolition wastes amendment additions evaluated by microbiological analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-228
Keyword(s):  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Organism Growth ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Mining Soils

Major environmental problems in metallic mining areas come from the hazard of metal pollution of surrounding areas. Therefore, an appropriated management of these soils is necessary for minimizing the associated risks. Some properties of mining soils, such as elevated metal concentrations, pH and shortage of essential nutrients make them a poor medium for organism growth. Therefore, in order to make a stabilization of these mining areas, it is necessary to solve previously some adverse physical and chemical soil factors mainly associated to toxic heavy metals and soil structure. Thus, some wastes such as carbonate, demolition wastes and sewage sludge, were added to soils to provide the needed conditions for improving soil conditions. The aim of this research was to assess the soil evolution after amendments addition in a research area placed in the Cartagena-La Unión Mining District, SE Spain. This assessment was carried out by means of microbial community evolution and variation as an indicator of soil changes. Mining soils showed, in general, low numbers of microorganisms, and significant increases in microbial populations were observed after soil treatment.

scholarly journals Bacterial communities in mining soils and surrounding areas under regeneration process in a former ore mine

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Cesário Fernandes ◽  
Luciano Takeshi Kishi ◽  
Erica Mendes Lopes ◽  
Wellington Pine Omori ◽  
Jackson Antonio Marcondes de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Regeneration Process ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Mining Soils

METEOROLOGICAL GNSS APPLICATION FOR HEAVY RAIN ON DECEMBER 31, 2019 IN THE JAKARTA AND SURROUNDING AREAS

2021 ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Syachrul Arief ◽  
Ihsan Muhamad Muafiry
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Research Area ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Interesting Pattern ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Gnss Data ◽  
Second Peak

This study aims to utilize GNSS for meteorology in Indonesia. With the "goGPS" software, the zenith troposphere delay (ZTD) value is estimated. Calculations in rainy conditions, the ZTD value is converted into a water vapor value (PWV). The research area for the phenomenon of heavy rain occurred at the end of 2019 in Jakarta and its surroundings, which caused flooding on January 1, 2020. According to the Geophysical Meteorology and Climatology Agency (BMKG), the flood's primary cause was high rainfall. Meanwhile, the rainfall at Taman Mini and Jatiasih stations was 335 mm/day and 260 mm/day, respectively. We get an interesting pattern of PWV values for this rain phenomenon. GNSS data processing, the PWV value at five GNSS stations around Jakarta, shows the same pattern even though the average distance between GNSS stations is ~ 30 km. The PWV value appears to increase at noon on December 30, 2019, and the peak occurs in the early hours of December 31, 2019. The PWV value suddenly decreases at noon on January 1, 2020. Next, the PWV value increases again but not as high as at the previous peak. Since January 2, 2020, the PWV value has decreased and remained almost constant until January 4, 2020. In that period, there were two events that the PWV value increased. The PWV value at the first peak is ~ 70 mm, and at the second peak ~ 65 mm. The most significant increase in PWV value was recorded at CJKT stations.

scholarly journals PLANNING OF SOFT SOIL IMPROVEMENT WITH PRELOADING AND PREFABRICATED VERTICAL DRAIN METHOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ana Crosita Ningsih ◽  
Luthfi Amri Wicaksono ◽  
Mokhamad Farid Ma'ruf
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Building Site ◽  
Planning Time ◽  
Coral Sand ◽  
Rapid Construction ◽  
Prefabricated Vertical Drain ◽  
Surrounding Areas

The northern coastal areas of Java such as Gresik and surrounding areas have a soil structure of alluvium consisting of gravel / coral, sand, clay soil and shells. Soil basic conditions are soft enough to cause land subsidence (settlement). The need for rapid construction causes the urban areas to become less and more for development land. This requires the improvement of soft soil to be used as a building site. As for the method to be done in this planning using a combination of preloading and PVD methods to accelerate the process of land degradation. Based on the planning result, the total height of embankment (preloading) is 3.5 m and the planning time lasted 4 months. Soft soil improvement is done up to 25 m depth with PVD design using triangle pattern and space 1.3 m. The 95% consolidation decrease due to the load of embankment caused the soil to fall as deep as 1,928 m. In this planning use modeling Plaxis 8.6 2D and the resulting yield of soil is 1,990 m. Wilayah pesisir pantai utara Jawa seperti daerah Gresik dan sekitarnya mempunyai struktur tanah berupa alluvium yang terdiri dari batu kerikil/koral, pasir, tanah lempung dan pecahan kulit kerang. Kondisi tanah dasar yang cukup lunak menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan tanah (settlement). Adanya kebutuhan konstruksi yang semakin pesat menyebabkan wilayah perkotaan menjadi semakin sedikit untuk dijadikan lahan pembangunan. Hal ini mengharuskan dilakukannya upaya perbaikan tanah lunak agar bisa dijadikan lahan bangunan nantinya. Adapun pada metode yang akan dilakukan pada perencanaan ini menggunakan kombinasi metode preloading dan PVD untuk mempercepat proses penurunan tanah. Berdasarkan hasil perencanaan didapatkan total tinggi timbunan (preloading) adalah 3,5 m dan waktu perencanaan berlangsung 4 bulan. Perbaikan tanah lunak dilakukan sampai dengan kedalaman 25 m dengan desain PVD menggunakan pola segitiga dan spasi 1,3 m. Penurunan konsolidasi 95% akibat beban timbunan menyebabkan tanah turun sedalam 1,928 m. Pada perencanaan ini menggunakan pemodelan Plaxis 8.6 2D dan hasil penurunan tanah yang dihasilkan adalah sedalam 1,990 m.

scholarly journals Agroecological optimization of the technology for growing spring barley in the Penza region using the DSS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (46) ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Actual Yield ◽  
Program Modules

Abstract The article presents the results of modeling the cultivation of barley on leached chernozems of the Penza region. In order to conduct modeling, the Decision Support System (DSS) for agroecological optimization of adaptive farming systems was modernized. The adaptation of the program modules to the climatic and soil conditions of a particular research area allowed us to reach 7% of the error when modeling the cultivation of agricultural crops in the presence of a complete set of indicators necessary for building the model. Technological calculations of the model made it possible to reduce the number of minimum necessary technological operations, as well as rationally distribute the application of mineral fertilizers for the planned yield. The economic calculations of the model allowed us to achieve a high profitability of production of 66±7%. The constructed model was tested at the experimental field in 2020. Practical verification showed the possibility of using the model in agricultural production under normal climatic conditions and its high correlation with the actual results obtained. Statistical analysis of the calculated data of the model and the actual yield with the achieved economic indicators in the conditions of the model field showed the level of reliability of calculations of 95%. Keywords: AGROECOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION, AGROECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, AGROECOLOGICAL MODELING

Assessing the Existing Vegetation Around Abandoned Mining Areas With Potentially Toxic Heavy Metals

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-31
Author(s):  
José Manuel Naranjo Gómez ◽  
José Cabezas Fernández ◽  
Rui Alexandre Castanho ◽  
Carlos José Pinto Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Geospatial Analysis ◽  
Abandoned Mines ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Geospatial Database ◽  
Thematic Cartography ◽  
Physical Consequences

In abandoned mining areas, heavy metals may exist. Those heavy metals can cause physical consequences and death. Through the use of geographic information systems (GIS), the environmental diagnosis of vegetation potentially affected by the presence of very toxic heavy metals in abandoned mining areas in Extremadura was conducted. Initially, graphic and alphanumeric information was obtained from numerous sources, and the geospatial database generated was analyzed, allowing the location of abandoned mines. Subsequently, the mines were classified according to the degree of toxicity of the heavy metals that had been exploited. Then, taking into account the mines whose heavy metals were considered very toxic, a geospatial analysis was performed using concentric buffers at 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 kilometres. The results obtained made it possible to obtain thematic cartography representative of the areas potentially affected. The proportion of vegetation potentially affected, has been classified according to the existing vegetation series and climatic belts.

Seismic Performance of Improved Ground Sites during the 2010–2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam M. Wotherspoon ◽  
Rolando P. Orense ◽  
Mike Jacka ◽  
Russell A. Green ◽  
Brady R. Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Ground Failure ◽  
Canterbury Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Liquefaction Assessment ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

The city of Christchurch and the surrounding region on the South Island of New Zealand are underlain by large areas of recent alluvial sediments and fills that are highly susceptible to liquefaction and seismic ground failure. Thus, the widespread liquefaction that occurred following the successive large-scale earth-quakes, with moment magnitudes (MW) ranging from 6.0 to 7.1 that struck the Canterbury region in 2010–2011 was expected. Prior to the series of earthquakes, soil improvement had been used at several sites to mitigate the anticipated damage. This paper reviews the performance of improved sites during the Canterbury earthquake sequence. The existing soil conditions at each site and the design of the ground improvement are discussed, together with descriptions of the post-earthquake damage observed. Moreover, liquefaction assessment within and surrounding a selection of the ground improvement zones is presented.

Detection and quantification of soil compaction in a post-mining landscape by geophysical methods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz Weihermüller ◽  
Jessica Schmäck ◽  
Mario Mertens ◽  
Manuel Endenich ◽  
Jan van der Kruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Opencast Mines

<p>Rhenish opencast mines located in the central west of Germany have used about 330 km<sup>2</sup> of land so far. Of this, some 230 km<sup>2</sup> have been recultivated, including 125 km<sup>2</sup> of arable land. After recultivation, the land is cultivated for at least seven years by the mining company before let to the farmers. Where new farmland is envisaged, the stackers spread pure loess mixed with soil material of the original Luvisols (loess loam) at the top of the refilled mining areas. After a certain settling time, this layer must be at least two meters thick. In a next step, the loess is levelled in a soil-sparing fashion using caterpillars with extra-wide rawler tracks. Even if care is taken that the loess layer will not be heavily compacted during levelling, local soil compaction is one of the major problems, as leveling often is performed during unfavorable moist soil conditions. These local compactions lead to reduced crop growth during either wet or dry growing seasons and result in yield losses over periods of many years. Localizing and evaluating such compacted field zones would enable the mining company to perform a physical soil melioration before handing over the land to a farmer.</p><p>To identify local soil compaction, a field study was performed in 2019 on a selected field with known variability in crop performance within the recultivated area of the Garzweiler mine in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Over the course of 5 months, the field was intensively investigated using geophysical methods such as electromagnetic induction (EMI) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Additionally, soil samples were taken to determine soil water contents, bulk density, penetration resistance, and soil texture.</p><p>The geophysical maps gathered, clearly show zones of higher electrical conductivities in the soil, which were associated to conventionally measured subsoil compaction. Regression of bulk densities with EMI data yielded good results allowing to map out compacted zones within the field and also to quantify compaction. Hence, geophysical methods provide a promising approach to plan soil melioration measures.</p>

scholarly journals Foliar Application: A Thriving and Flourishing Domain in Agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushpa C Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Solution Condition

Foliar Application seems to be an upcoming and ongoing research area especially in the field of agriculture. This is been in practice in various parts of the world and proved its positive results in its field [1,2]. Foliar application can be explained as spraying the suitable fertilizer solution (condition is, that it should be water soluble) on the surface of the leaves of growing plants [3]. This practice not only saves quantity of fertilizer used but also improves the uptake of a particular micronutrient by the crops and boosts the yield too. Interaction between crop’s genetic potential and the environment in which it grows is detrimental for the yield of a crop [4]. Soil application of nitrogen is a conventional method to supply nitrogen to plants and for improvement in any field adhering to the old ways will not be a better option [4]. In some instances, the availability of urea becomes inadequate for the farmers at sowing time. In such situation the foliar application of plant nutrient is effective and economical for some crops [5]. It has been shown in some studies that uptake of micronutrients directly from plants is more rapid and quicker for better results in yields than soil application[1]. As mentioned above, that the fertilizer should be water soluble for foliar spray and moreover, it should also be noted that the particular crop plant also should be suitable for aerial spray. The best results of foliar application also depends on the soil condition as if soil conditions are unfavourable when micronutrients are needed, it may be desirable to make foliar applications of the plant nutrients

scholarly journals METODE VACUUM CONSOLIDATION DENGAN PRELOADING UNTUK MEMPERCEPAT KONSOLIDASI TANAH PADA PERUMAHAN DI TANGERANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Jason Sastilaya ◽  
Gregorius Sandjaja Sentosa
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Plasticity ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Long Time

The expansion of housing in big cities cannot be denied given the rapid population growth in Indonesia. One of the areas that is currently expanding housing is Kosambi City, Tangerang. Soil conditions in Kosambi City are soft soil with high moisture content and soil plasticity, low permeability and soil bearing capacity, and high pore water pressure. This soft soil condition makes the consolidation decline take a very long time. To overcome the problem of the length of time for this consolidation settlement, it is necessary to improve the land. Soil improvement is being carried out, namely the method of vaccum consolidation with preloading. The combination of these methods is carried out by installing a vertical drainage system in the form of prefabricated fabricated drain (PVD) in soft soil, then the initial load is given in the form of preloading on the soil. The calculation results show that the amount of consolidation reduction that occurs when clay soil is loaded with a stockpile of 1.2 m high, a water surcharge of 1.3 m and a vaccum load is 0.3929 m and 0.6968 m for 85 years. The combined method of preloading and PVD is proven to be able to accelerate the time of consolidation, where Preloading and PVD are installed in a triangle pattern between 0.80 m to a depth of 12 m, capable of achieving a consolidation degree of 90% within 8 weeksPerluasan perumahan di kota besar tentu tidak dapat dipungkiri mengingat pesatnya pertumbuhan penduduk di Indonesia. Salah satu daerah yang sedang dilakukan perluasan perumahan yaitu Kosambi City, Tangerang. Kondisi tanah di Kosambi City merupakan tanah lunak dengan kadar air dan plastisitas tanah yang tinggi, permeabilitas dan daya dukung tanah yang rendah, serta tingginya tekanan air pori. Kondisi tanah lunak ini membuat penurunan konsolidasi membutuhkan waktu yang sangat lama. Untuk mengatasi masalah lamanya waktu penurunan konsolidasi ini, perlu dilakukan perbaikan tanah. Perbaikan tanah yang dilakukan yaitu metode vaccum consolidation dengan preloading. Kombinasi pada metode ini dilakukan dengan cara memasang sistem drainase vertikal berupa prefabricated fabricated drain (PVD) di dalam tanah lunak, kemudian diberikan beban awal yaitu berupa timbunan (preloading) pada tanah tersebut. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan besar penurunan konsolidasi yang terjadi jika tanah lempung dibebani dengan timbunan setinggi 1,2 m, water surcharge setinggi 1,3 m dan beban vaccum  adalah 0,3929 m dan 0,6968 m selama 85 tahun. Metode kombinasi preloading dan PVD terbukti mampu mempercepat waktu konsolidasi, dimana Preloading dan PVD dipasang dengan pola segitiga berjarak 0,80 m hingga kedalaman 12 m, mampu mencapai derajat konsolidasi 90% dalam waktu 8 minggu. 

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