scholarly journals Protection of environment by the use of fly ash in road construction

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-113
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Great Availability

Fly ash is an important industrial by-product that comes from the combustion of coal, for the production of electrical energy. In our country, only a small percentage is used for the construction of technical projects, while the rest is stockpiled, causing serious problems. Because of its great availability and its low cost, further possibility of its usage should be investigated. In the present assignment, clay soils, natural and crushed sand-gravel were stabilized with different quantities of fly ash, for the creation of durable forest roads. From research, it has been found that stabilization with fly ash, improves the natural and mechanical characteristics of soils (plasticity, compressive strength and particle size distribution). As a result, the improvement of the forest road networks from one side and the economy in natural inert materials and the exploitation of fly ash from the other, the importance of such an intervention in the protection of the forest ecosystem and the natural environment in general are obvious.

Influence of the Mechanical Activation of Fly Ash on Strength of Ground Concrete Based on Waste Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
D.V. Bespolitov ◽  
N.A. Konovalova ◽  
O.N. Dabizha ◽  
P.P. Pankov ◽  
E.A. Rush
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Equilibrium Condition ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Direct Use ◽  
Silicon Oxygen ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

The possibility of utilization of inactive fly ash in road concrete compositions by bringing of ash into a non-equilibrium condition with increased reactivity by mechanical activation in a vibration eraser is investigated. It was revealed that the optimal content of binder and fly ash in samples of soil concrete was 8 and 10 wt. %, respectively. It is shown that, due to mechanical activation, the specific surface area of fly ash increases by 2 times, dehydration and carbonization occur and silicon is replaced by aluminum in silicon-oxygen tetrahedra. It has been established that an increase of the content of crystalline carbonate phases is the reason for an increase in the strength of ground concrete. It is determined that the introduction of mechanoactivated fly ash into the composition of soil concretes contributes to increasing their physical and mechanical characteristics to the maximum strength grade M100. This indicates the competitiveness of ground concrete and the possibility of direct use of inactive fly ash in road construction.

Ultrasonic Sonar Object and Range Detection Measurement Display using HC-SR04 Sensor on Arduino ATMEGA 2560

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Hendryg Sansury
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Transducer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electrostatic Energy ◽  
Lower Range ◽  
Vibrating Membrane ◽  
Robotic Automation ◽  
Proper Orientation

Ultrasonic sonar object and range detection measurement using Hc-sr04 display can be use in every application. Ultrasonic sonar popular to use due to low cost, availability, no radiation for human applied in more industry such as medicine, robotic, automation. Ultrasonic sensor is a measurement device that consist of two transducer one for transmitting an ultrasonic wave and the other for receiving the reflective wave. We use HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor can detect lower range from 1cm to 2.5 meter with precession about 0.1 cm and frequency up to 40Khz. The target must be proper orientation and perpendicular to the direction propagation of pulse. The amplitude of receive signal decrease depend on the medium and the distance between transmitter and the target. The transmitter converts electrostatic energy from a vibrating membrane to an ultrasonic waveform whilst the receiver converts the reflected ultrasonic waveform back into electrical energy. This electrical energy combine with motor servo to see the angle of sweeping and ultrasonic waveform using arduino atmega 2560 then be interpreted by a computer display in two dimension for measurement angle and distance of object. Conversion between electrical energy to an ultrasonic waveform use electrostatic transducer or normally we call piezoelectric transducer .

Sulfur-Containing Composite Material for the Concrete Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 712 ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Frolova ◽  
Viktor V. Tikhonov ◽  
Anna P. Poltoranina ◽  
Natalya Usoltseva ◽  
Shuang Cheng Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Sulfur Containing

The chemical composition and particle size distribution as well as the physical-mechanical characteristics of fly ash of Krasnokamensk combined heat and power plant (CHPP) were determined. The revealed features provided the development of the technology of fly ash enrichment. The composite building material based on both fly ash of Krasnokamensk CHPP and technical sulfur was developed. Aluminum chloride was proposed to be used as modifier. The basic physical-mechanical properties of sulfur crushed stone were investigated.

scholarly journals Preparation of Fly Ash/Epoxy Composites and Its Effects on Mechanical Properties

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeesoo Sim ◽  
Youngjeong Kang ◽  
Byung Joo Kim ◽  
Yong Ho Park ◽  
Young Cheol Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
The Other ◽  
Epoxy Composites

In this research, a fly ash/epoxy composite was fabricated using fly ash filler classified as industrial waste. The behavior of its mechanical properties was investigated by changing the volume of fly ash to 10, 30 and 50 vol.%. To determine the influence of particle size on the mechanical properties, we used two different sizes of the fly ash, which were separated by sieving to less than 90 μm and 53 μm. To optimize fabrication conditions, the viscosity of the fly ash/epoxy slurry was measured at various temperatures with different fly ash volume fractions. In terms of mechanical properties, tensile strength increased as the amount of fly ash increased, up to a critical point. On the other hand, the compression strength of the composite increased continuously as the amount of fly ash increased. Finally, the fracture surfaces were characterized and correlated with the mechanical properties.

Relationship between pore size distributions and physical properties of clay soils

Soil Research ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
ID Sills ◽  
LAG Aylmore ◽  
JP Quirk
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Pore Size Distributions

Pore size distributions using mercury injection and nitrogen sorption techniques were determined on a number of soils classified as clays on the basis of particle size analysis. Some of these soils exhibit markedly different consistencies during texturing and undergo changes in texture during prolonged manipulation, e.g. subplastic, superplastic and self-mulching soils. The pore size distributions for these soils do not differ significantly from those obtained for the normal labile clay soil in the pore size range 2 nm to 50 �m. The clay soils examined, with the exception of the krasnozem, have the majority of their pore volume within pores smaller than 10 nm with the predominant pore size centred around 3 nm plate separation. In the case of the krasnozem, the particle size analysis does not correspond to the texture assessment as a clay loam. Surface and subsoil samples of the krasnozem have high porosities and predominant plate separations of 6 nm. They consequently possess significantly different pore size distributions from the other clays. In the case of the surface sample, only a small proportion of its total pore volume is in pores smaller than 10 nm. These differences in pore structure observed between the krasnozem and the other soils examined may result from differences in mineralogy, and in particular from the high sesquioxide content of the krasnozem.

scholarly journals THE RESULTS OF FIELD TESTS OF WEAK SOILS

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
A. A Zaitsev ◽  
V. G Ofrikhter
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Weak Soils ◽  
Geological Diversity

Organization of construction on sites built of weak soils is associated with certain problems, one of which is the construction of temporary roads and foundations for building mechanisms (pile drivers, cranes, etc.). Temporary roads necessary attributes of any construction, ensuring the availability of facilities and linear structures. One of the features of the temporary roads is their erection in accordance with the staged scheme of the organization of construction. Physico-mechanical characteristics of the soils are necessary for the design of such passages using which it is possible to perform calculations using approved soil models. During civil engineering processes on weak soils, it is also important to preserve geological diversity, which is possible with a comprehensive assessment of soil properties. Work on weak soils, even at the survey stage, is associated with accessibility problems due to their low bearing capacity. Usually travel by transport on such soils in warm season is impossible. Evaluation of the physico-mechanical properties of weak soils is possible using lightweight portable devices that can be delivered to the testing sites manually. This paper presents the results of the evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of weak soil using lightweight portable devices such as probe penetrometer, vane shear meter, and dynamic density meters. Soil properties obtained during field tests can be used as input parameters for design models, the use of which allows to perform immediate out calculations temporary road construction or the base for the construction mechanism. Works performed according to the proposed method are of low laboriousness, low cost and high efficiency, do not require the use of mechanisms and can be performed by one person.

scholarly journals Analysis of factors influencing Cu(II) sorption by clinoptiolite

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-745
Author(s):  
Marija Sljivic-Ivanovic ◽  
Ivana Smiciklas ◽  
Jelena Markovic ◽  
Aleksandra Milenkovic
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Other ◽  
System Response ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Natural Clinoptilolite

Experimental design methodology represents a powerful tool for the analysis and optimization of various processes. Immobilization of toxic substances by sorption onto low-cost materials gained a lot of attention in the last decade. Fundamental knowledge about sorption processes and their practical use can be improved by experimental planning and statistical analysis. In this study, the effects of initial metal concentration and pH, as well as the sorbent mass and particle size, on Cu(II) sorption by natural clinoptilolite were evaluated and compared. Full factorial experimental design at two levels was applied. Statistically significant factors were determined considering residual Cu(II) concentrations as a system response. The Pareto graphs of standardized effects, Main effect plots and Interaction plots were created using statistical software. Initial sorbate concentration, sorbent mass and their interaction were recognized as statistically significant, at 95 % confidence level. Main effect plot approved that sorbent mass increase and initial Cu(II) concentration decrease caused reduction of residual Cu(II) concentration in solution. On the other hand, the change of initial solution pH and sorbent particle size didn?t provoke significant response changes. Bearing in mind that pH is the factor with large effect on heavy metal sorption, insignificant influence of initial pH detected in this study can be explained by buffering properties of the applied clinoptilolite and relatively narrow pH range chosen in order to prevent sorbent dissolution on one side and sorbate precipitation on the other. By regression analysis, the mathematical model for process description was derived. The correlation between predicted and experimental values was high (R2>0.99). In the investigated ranges of parameters, the obtained empirical equation can be applied for the prediction of system response.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the benefits of utilization of fly ash as a material for road subgrade

2018 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 05016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Obradović
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Traffic Level ◽  
High Plasticity Clay ◽  
Medium Plasticity Clay ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

The assessment of potential effects of the application of fly ash in road construction was based on the results of tests of fly ash from two thermal power plants in Serbia and three characteristic soil types: the medium plasticity clay, silty-sandy clay and high plasticity clay. The physical and mechanical characteristics of the stabilization of the above three types of soils with different percentages of fly ash and stabilizers (cement/lime) were determined in the study, and pavement designs for three traffic levels, from 1,000 to 10,000 vehicles/day were developed. The savings that can be achieved by using fly ash are going up to 16.8% depending on the type of material in the subgrade and the level of traffic. The potential savings are higher if the subsoil has lower bearing capacity, and if the traffic level is higher.

Mechanical Activation of Fly Ash by High Energy Planetary Ball Mill and the Effects on Physical and Morphology Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Rashidah Mohammed Hamidi ◽  
Zakaria Man ◽  
Khairun Azizi Azizli ◽  
Lukman Ismail ◽  
Mohd Fadhil Nuruddin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Planetary Ball Mill ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer

Fly ash has a high potential to be converted into geopolymeric material due to its abundant supplies and low cost. However, large particle size of the fly ash caused low reactivity which results in low properties of the end product. The improvement on the fly ash properties by mechanical activation allows it as a new possible raw material in wider application besides solving the low reactivity issue which hindered its range of utilization. In this study, fly ash was mechanically activated by high energy planetary ball mill for 1 hour at different speed, ranging from 100 to 350 rpm and with varied ball to powder ratio (2:1, 3:1 and 4:1). The effects towards its particle size, specific surface area and morphology were determined by particle size analyzer and SEM. It was observed that, increasing of speed to 350 rpm and 4:1 ball to powder ratio (BPR) results in finest size of fly ash where at d (0.1), d (0.5) and d (0.9) the sizes were 1.861, 6.765 and 17.065μm respectively and largest surface specific area (1.46 m2/g).

scholarly journals Theft Control Based Master Meter Using Different Network Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Doaa Abbood ◽  
Osama Al-Atbee ◽  
Ali Marhoon
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Network Technologies ◽  
Energy Theft

The power theft is one of the main problems facing the electric energy sector in Iraq, where a large amount of electrical energy is lost due to theft. It is required to design a system capable of detecting and locating energy theft without any human interaction. This paper presents an effective solution with low cost to solve power theft issue in distribution lines. Master meter is designed to measures the power of all meters of the homes connected to it. All the measured values are transmitted to the server via GPRS. The values of power for all energy meters within the grid are also transmitted. The comparison between the power of the master meter and all the other meters are transmitted to the server. If there is a difference between the energy meters, then a theft is happened and the server will send a signal via GSM to the overrun meter to switch off the power supply. Raspberry pi is used as a server and equipped and programmed to detect the power theft.

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