scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS TUMBUHAN MASA LAMPAU DI SITUS PEMUTERAN, KABUPATEN BULELENG, PROVINSI BALI (Kajian berdasarkan analisis palinology)

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-30
Author(s):  
Vita Vita
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fossil Pollen ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Soil Sediment ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Excavation Site

A variety of plant species that exist today reflect the diversity of plant species as well as how pre-existing or in the past, the area along the environmental conditions are not much changed significantly. Plant communities in a region will illustrate the diversity of plant species tolerant to environmental conditions in the area. The power plant tolerance to different environmental factors will lead to different types of plants that live in the area By using HF method and Acetolysis, then the results of the identification of fossil pollen (pollen analysis) that has been done specifically on a sample of soil /sediment from the findings of pottery, as well as the box has been opened at the excavation site Pemuteran, Buleleng Regency, Bali Province randomly, especially in layer B in test pit 4 and 5, the types derived from fossil pollen from plants derived from plants that are useful in the family Compositae, Poaceae, Malvaceae and Papilionaceae. In addition, there is also a pollen that is not available on the site around Pemuteran, such as the family Pinaceae, Fagaceae, Daphnae, Sequoia, Geraniaceae, Cupressus.

scholarly journals Impact of natural factors on population changes of herbaceous plants species and assessment of their state in present high-mountain conditions of the Ukrainian Carpathians

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
R. Dmytrakh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Mountain Zone ◽  
Regenerative Ability

Background. Natural ecosystems of the Ukrainian Carpathians have been signi­ficantly transformed during the last few years due to the impact of climate factors and an increased activity of nature restoration processes. The study of the influence of the external environ­mental factors on populations of the herbaceous plant species is particularly topical for the high-mountain ecosystems. As a result of gradual restoration of native plants, specific changes occur in the structural and spatial organization of populations of many herbaceous plant species. Thus, considering the increased climate changes and regenera­tive activity, the assessment of the present condition of the populations of herbaceous plant species, their regenerative ability, response to changing environmental conditions and individual peculiarities of performance in the altered environmental conditions are important. Methods. The conventional stationary and route-field methods were applied in order to determine changes in the structural organization of high-mountain plant populations and their regenerative ability. The initial diagnostic parameters of the populations’ condition include the individual growth peculiarities and the nature of dynamic trends under the changed environmental conditions. During the ontogenetic development of plants, the most important changes occur within the generative phase that ensures the rege­nera­tion and self-maintenance of populations by means of seeds; those changes are a significant indicative feature. The long-term observations of different types of plant communities were applied; these included the records of the main parameters and characteristic features at permanent test sites. The transects are located in the alpine, subalpine and upper forest belts of the Ukrainian Carpathians within 1000–2000 m a.s.l. altitudinal range. The study comprises such behavioral features of the species populations as phenological (intensity phenophase, flowering rhythmics), demographic (number of individuals, spatial differentiation), reproductive (generative reproduction, seed productivity), etc., which enable the determination of their adaptation and ability to exist under the changed environmental conditions. Results. The continuous monitoring of different high-mountain plant aggregations showed that in some cases the number of species which are distinguished by active regenerative strategy aimed at further extension of the habitat is growing, while in other cases the species demonstrated the opposite trend resulting from their inability to adapt to changing habitat conditions. It has been determined that the vegetative development of the populations of high-mountain plant species is closely related to temperature conditions which influence phenology, dynamics of the numbers of individuals and the nature of their reproduction. A significant influence of warming on the processes of seasonal development of populations and flowering abundance is evidenced by their increased number and migration to much higher hypsometric levels of the high-mountain zone. The increased ability to generative reproduction contributes to the dissemination of seeds and formation of new population loci Valeriana simplicifolia, V. transsilvanica, Silene dioica, Astrantia major, Doronicum carpaticum, Euphorbia carniolica, etc. in favourable micro-habitats at significantly higher hypsometric levels of the high-mountain zone (1600–2000 m a.s.l.). Another natural factor of changes in populations of herbaceous plant species is the impact of restoration succesions in different types of plant communities. These changes are usually accompanied by increased shading and crowding of vegetation due to the spread of more competitive tree and shrub species as well as adventive species of tall herbaceous plants. It refers mostly to grassland species that need open sites for the effective population recruitment. Radical changes can be observed in the structural organization of the populations of herbaceous plants species due to an increased cenotic activity of more competitive species. Such changes reduce the regenerative ability of the populations of herbaceous plants species and trigger their fragmentation. Thus, the change of ecological and cenotic conditions of various plant communities along the elevation gradient of the highlands predetermines different charac­teristic features of the populations of herbaceous plant species and their unequal spatial differentiation. Conclusions. It has been determined that present natural processes occurring in the populations of herbaceous plant species of the high-mountain zone controversially influence their regenerative ability and the nature of changes in their structural organization. The dynamics of populations in each separate case is defined by the influence of natural and climate changes and their association with particular plant communities along the elevation gradient of the high-mountain zone. The multi-year dynamics of the numbers of generative individuals represents their regenerative ability in populations and dependence on weather conditions. The important feature of active regeneration of the populations is the development of their local foci in favorable microhabitats at significantly higher hypsometric levels of the high-mountain zone, in particular, the alpine and the upper margin of the alpine. Occurrence of new populations loci is indicative of their ability to reproduce and survive. In some cases, the dynamic trends in populations are accompanied by an increased number of individuals and extension of their habitats, while in other cases, trends are the opposite, which is caused by a decreased number of individuals and their degradation. The processes which are observed during the regeneration of species populations are related to their ascending extension to various hypsometric levels, as well as the strengthening of the positions of the populations of tree and shrub layer species and adventive representatives of tall herbaceous plants which are peculiar to lower layers. Significant overgrowth processes, which result in gradual exclusion of herbaceous plant species typical of meadow communities aggregations, are observed in the habitats of the populations of many types of herbaceous plants and at the upper margin of the forest and subalpine layers. Thus, the changes in ecological and cenotic conditions of various plant communities along the elevation gradient of the highlands predetermines different characteristic features of the populations of herbaceous plant species and their unequal spatial differentiation.

scholarly journals Classification and Characterization of the Manoor Valley’s (Lesser Himalaya) Vegetation from the Subtropical-Temperate Ecotonal Forests to the Alpine Pastures along Ecological Variables

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Inayat Ur Rahman ◽  
Aftab Afzal ◽  
Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Mashail Nasser Alzain ◽  
Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Lesser Himalaya ◽  
Size Spectra ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Evolutionary Aspects

Plant species are distributed in different types of habitats, forming different communities driven by different sets of environmental variables. Here, we assessed potential plant communities along an altitudinal gradient and their associations with different environmental drivers in the unexplored Manoor Valley (Lesser Himalaya), Pakistan. We have implemented various ecological techniques and evaluated phytosociological attributes in three randomly selected 50 m-transects within each stand (a total of 133) during different seasons for four years (2015–2018). This phytosociological exploration reported 354 plant species representing 93 different families. The results revealed that the Therophytic life form class dominated the flora, whereas Nanophyll dominated the leaf size spectra. There were a total of twelve plant communities identified, ranging from the lowest elevations to the alpine meadows and cold deserts. The maximum number of species were found in Cedrus–Pinus–Parrotiopsis community (197 species), in the middle altitudinal ranges (2292–3168 m). Our results showed that at high altitudes, species richness was reduced, whereas an increase in soil nutrients was linked to progression in vegetation indicators. We also found different clusters of species with similar habitats. Our study clearly shows how altitudinal variables can cluster different plant communities according to different microclimates. Studies such as ours are paramount to better understanding how environmental factors influence ecological and evolutionary aspects.

scholarly journals Plant–plant spatial association networks in gypsophilous communities: the influence of aridity and grazing and the role of gypsophytes in its structure

Web Ecology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Saiz ◽  
C. L. Alados ◽  
Y. Pueyo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Patch Type ◽  
Patch Structure ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Negative Links ◽  
Vegetation Patches

Abstract. In stressful environments many plant species are only able to survive if they benefit from the facilitative effect of "nurse" species. Typically, these nurses are species adapted to the stressful environmental conditions that favor the formation of vegetation patches, where other, less-adapted species can be established. However, ecological interactions can be influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. In this study we quantified the effect of grazing and aridity on the patch structure of gypsophilous plant communities and the role that gypsophytes, species adapted to gypsum soils, play in structuring these communities. Specifically, we created signed networks (networks with positive and negative links) at grazed and ungrazed sites in two areas in the middle Ebro Valley, Spain, that differed in aridity. We built networks connecting plant species with positive and negative links derived from the spatial associations between species. Then, we divided networks in partitions which represented the different vegetation patches present in the community. We found that vegetation patches were more specific (same species always were associated in the same patch type) in high aridity and grazed sites, where environmental conditions were the most stressful and many species persisted by associating with nurse species. Gypsophytes were more important aggregating species than nongypsophytes in grazed high aridity sites. Independently of study sites, gypsophyte shrubs acted as nurses, but small gypsophytes segregated from other species and formed monospecific patches. In conclusion, grazing and aridity influenced the patch structure of gypsophilous plant communities. Gypsophytes played an important role structuring the patch community, but this importance depended on environmental conditions and the identity of gypsophyte.

scholarly journals Intersecting Homeliness: Vietnamese Australian Reflections of a Suburban Home (Strathfield, NSW)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helary Ngo
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family Home ◽  
Food Offering ◽  
Year 2013

In year 2013, I lived in Vietnam. Once a year, the Vietnamese people have a particular tradition called khom đất, where the people set out a guest table filled with delicious feast of food and paper clothing, shoes, accessories and money for the spirits of the house. Khom in khom đất means a set of rituals or prayer to bow down and pay respect. Đất means land. It is a ritual which acknowledges the spirits within the home and the agency these spirits have to the home. There would be separate rituals for different types of spirits and incense would burn as an offering to various places. For example, an incense and food offering would be on an alter directly above the fire stove in the kitchen to be grateful to the fire spirit of the home. There is a belief that if the fire spirit gets angry, the spirit may be a danger to the family. The spirit has the agency and a power over the home. It is a ritual to recognise that a home has its ghosts, its history and its spirits that reside long before the current people residents and that they have the power to protect or destroy. Mostly, it is to recognaise that land and place is not to be owned, and matters such as fire or water or wood is not mere commodities. Rather, these materialities are living and only would be at our disposal to help us when they given the respect and recognition that they are living and are powerful agents.Within the Vietnamese language, there is no specific word for differentiate ‘home’ and ‘house’ but rather, use the word ‘house’ to mean both the building and the home – nhà (Rather then state, ‘I go home’ one states literally, ‘I return to the house’ – Tôi về nhà). To state house rather than home could mean that home is not to be possessed but rather, has it’s own agency, vitality and spirit.With this in mind, I will tell you about a particular uncanny phenomenon that has happened in my family home in Strathfield (a loved family home where my family still resides in) that has happened 10 years ago and has not escaped the memories of any of us. I hope to capture, in a self-reflexive way, the merging of the past and the present within the Vietnamese migrant experience living in the Australian landscape, with its dark history of the forced displacement of Indigenous peoples. I wish to mourn and acknowledge that the land that has given my refugee family opportunity to begin life safely and freely, and my birthplace is a stolen land. And that we are always both grateful and in mourning with our homeland.

scholarly journals Identification of terrestrial gastropods families found in district Swat, Pakistan

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rafiq ◽  
S. Z. Ahmad ◽  
G. Yasmeen ◽  
A. Baset ◽  
M. A. Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Swat Valley ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province ◽  
Terrestrial Snails

Abstract Very little is known about the malacofauna in district Swat of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, situated in the Northern part of Pakistan. The Swat valley possesses a variety of suitable environmental conditions, providing different types of habitats for both flora and fauna. Taken into consideration these points, the present study was conducted to explore the terrestrial snails diversity in agricultural and non-agricultural fields in the lower Swat valley. A total of 417 shells were collected from three sites: Kokarai, Kanju Township, and Deolai. Based on conchological features, three families: Bradybaenidae, Hygromiidae, and Zonitidae were identified using different terrestrial snail keys. In Kokarai and Deolai, shells of members of all the above-mentioned families were found from agricultural fields. In Kanju Township, shells of members of the family Bradybaenidae and Zonitidae were found. From these findings, it was concluded that district Swat possesses a significant malacofauna which was unexplored before and aided more to the existing literature on malacofauna. It also supports the idea that the agroecosystem is rich in species diversity. Further in-depth and extensive study is recommended to be carried out for a detailed taxonomy of the described terrestrial gastropod families.

scholarly journals The Consequences of Glacier Retreat Are Uneven Between Plant Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianalberto Losapio ◽  
Bruno E. L. Cerabolini ◽  
Chiara Maffioletti ◽  
Duccio Tampucci ◽  
Mauro Gobbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Glacier Retreat ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Temporal Dynamic ◽  
Species Persistence ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Glaciers are retreating worldwide, exposing new terrain to colonization by plants. Recently-deglaciated terrains have been a subject of ecological studies for a long time, as they represent a unique natural model system for examining the effects of global warming associated with glacier retreat on biodiversity and the spatio-temporal dynamic of communities. However, we still have a limited understanding of how physical and biotic factors interactively influence species persistence and community dynamics after glacier retreat and glacier extinction. Using hierarchical joint species distribution models, we integrated data on plant species occurrence at fine spatial scale, spatio-temporal context, environmental conditions, leaf traits, and species-to-species associations in plant communities spanning 0 to c 5,000 years on average after glacier retreat. Our results show that plant diversity initially increases with glacier retreat, but ultimately decreases after glacier extinction. The 22% of plant species non-linearly respond to glacier retreat and will locally disappear with glacier extinction. At the local scale, soil carbon enrichment and reduction of physical (topographic) disturbance positively contribute to distribution patterns in 66% of the species, indicating a strong impact of community-level environmental conditions. Furthermore, positive and negative associations among species play a relevant role (up to 34% of variance) in driving the spatio-temporal dynamic of plant communities. Global warming prompts a shift from facilitation to competition: positive associations prevail among pioneer species, whereas negative associations are relatively more common among late species. This pattern suggests a role of facilitation for enhancing plant diversity in recently ice-free terrains and of competition for decreasing species persistence in late stages. Associated to that, species persisting the most show more “conservative” traits than species of concern. In summary, although plant diversity initially increases with glacier retreat, more than a fifth of plant species are substantially declining and will disappear with glacier extinction. Even for the “winners,” the “victory” is not to be taken for granted due to the negative impact of rising competition. Integrating survey data with hierarchical and network models can help to forecast biodiversity change and anticipate cascading effects of glacier retreat on mountain ecosystems. These effects include the reduction of ecosystem services and benefits to humans, including food production from the pioneer species Artemisia genipi.

Study of the Molecular Architecture of Keratin Filaments by Electron Microscopy

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
U. Aebi ◽  
P. Rew ◽  
T.-T. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Keratin Filaments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
10 Nm Filaments ◽  
Different Cell Types

Various types of intermediate-sized (10-nm) filaments have been found and described in many different cell types during the past few years. Despite the differences in the chemical composition among the different types of filaments, they all yield common structural features: they are usually up to several microns long and have a diameter of 7 to 10 nm; there is evidence that they are made of several 2 to 3.5 nm wide protofilaments which are helically wound around each other; the secondary structure of the polypeptides constituting the filaments is rich in ∞-helix. However a detailed description of their structural organization is lacking to date.

The Arabic Origins of English and Indo-European “Definite Articles”: A Radical Linguistic Theory Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Zaidan Ali Jassem
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
General Level ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
European Languages ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definite Articles

This paper traces the Arabic origins or cognates of the “definite articles” in English and Indo-European languages from a radical linguistic (or lexical root) theory perspective. The data comprises the definite articles in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian, Latin, Greek, Macedonian, Russian, Polish, Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Persian, and Arabic. The results clearly indicate that five different types of such articles emerged in the data, all of which have true Arabic cognates with the same or similar forms and meanings, whose differences are due to natural and plausible causes and different routes of linguistic change, especially lexical, semantic, or morphological shift. Therefore, the results support the adequacy of the radical linguistic theory according to which, unlike the Family Tree Model or Comparative Method, Arabic, English, German, French, Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit not only belong to the same language family, renamed Eurabian or Urban family, but also are dialects of the same language, with Arabic being their origin all because only it shares the whole cognates with them all and because it has a huge phonetic, morphological, grammatical, and lexical variety. They also manifest fundamental flaws and grave drawbacks which plague English and Indo-European lexicography for ignoring Arabic as an ultimate ancestor and progenitor not only in the treatment of the topic at hand but in all others in general. On a more general level, they also show that there is a radical language from which all human languages stemmed and which has been preserved almost intact in Arabic, thus being the most conservative and productive language

Second international scientific conference «Present fundamental problems of vegetation classification» (Yalta, 15–20 September 2019)

2019 ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
K. V. Ivanova ◽  
A. M. Lapina ◽  
V. V. Neshataev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
National Archive ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Vegetation Classification ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Organizations

The 2nd international scientific conference «Fundamental problems of vegetation classification» took place at the Nikitskiy Botanical Garden (Yalta, Republic of Crimea, Russia) on 15–20 September 2019. There were 56 participants from 33 cities and 43 research organizations in Russia. The conference was mostly focused on reviewing the success in classification of the vegetation done by Russian scientists in the past three years. The reports covered various topics such as classification, description of new syntaxonomical units, geobotanical mapping for different territories and types of vegetation, studies of space-time dynamics of plant communities. The final discussion on the last day covered problems yet to be solved: establishment of the Russian Prodromus and the National archive of vegetation, complications of higher education in the profile of geobotany, and the issue of the data leakage to foreign scientific journals. In conclusion, it was announced that the 3rd conference in Nikitskiy Botanical Garden will be held in 2022.

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