scholarly journals Department of building materials and products: history and modernity

New Collegium ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (102) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
E. Dedeneva ◽  
V. Bondar ◽  
I. Kazimagomedov ◽  
Т. Kostyuk
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Educational Support ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
National University ◽  
Institute Of Technology

The Department of Building Materials and Products of the Kharkiv National University of Construction and Architecture in 2020 celebrates its ninetieth anniversary. She counts her age since 1930, when the Kharkov Civil Engineering Institute was founded, separated from the construction faculty of the Kharkov Institute of Technology. Construction materials science, as the main general educational and fundamental discipline for future specialists of all construction specialties and architects, absorbs various sciences, disciplines and contacts a wide range of materials, products, technologies. The highly qualified team of the teaching staff and educational support personnel of the Department of Building Materials and Products has been providing high-quality training for the construction industry for 90 years. The staff of the department, relying on their educational, pedagogical and scientific experience, adjust and create new work programs, taking as a basis the primary fundamental knowledge and requirements for the modernization of vocational education in Ukraine. Today the department has the opportunity to carry out experiments to assess the quality of common building materials. Thanks to the constant contacts of the department with industrial and trade organizations, the collection of samples and brochures of new domestic and foreign finishing materials (ceramics, polymer products, dry building mixtures, etc.) has been almost completely updated and is constantly updated during practical training. The friendly and creative team of the department is optimistic about the 90th anniversary of the department and KNUSA.

scholarly journals Embodied Energy and CO2 Emissions of Widely Used Building Materials: The Ethiopian Context

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woubishet Zewdu Taffese ◽  
Kassahun Admassu Abegaz
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Human Habitat ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Concrete Blocks

Buildings use a wide range of construction materials, and the manufacturing of each material consumes energy and emits CO2. Several studies have already been conducted to evaluate the embodied energy and the related CO2 emissions of building materials, which are mainly based on case studies from developed countries. There is a considerable gap in cases of developing countries regarding assessment of embodied energy and CO2 emissions of these building materials. This study identified the top five most used construction materials (cement, sand, coarse aggregates, hollow concrete blocks, and reinforcement bars), which are also prime sources of waste generation during construction in the Ethiopian building construction sector. Then, what followed was the evaluation of the embodied energies and CO2 emissions of these materials by examining five commercial and public buildings within the cradle-to-site lifecycle boundary. The evaluation results demonstrated that cement, hollow concrete blocks (HCB), and reinforcement bars (rebars) are the major consumers of energy and major CO2 emitters. Cumulatively, they were responsible for 94% of the embodied energy and 98% of the CO2 emissions. The waste part of the construction materials has inflated the embodied energy and the subsequent CO2 emissions considerably. The study also recommended several strategies for the reduction of embodied energy and the related CO2 emissions. The research delivers critical insights into embodied energy and CO2 emissions of the five most used building materials in the Ethiopian construction industry, as there are no prior studies on this theme. This might be a cause to arouse awareness and interest among the policy makers and the wider public to clearly understand the importance of research on this crucial issue to develop national energy and CO2 descriptors for construction materials, in order to take care of our naturally endowed, but yet fragile, human habitat.

scholarly journals Reaction ability of alternative mineral dispersed materials as a tool for developing efficient road composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-288
Author(s):  
M. A. Vysotskaya ◽  
S. Yu. Shehovtsova ◽  
D. A. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Pore Architecture ◽  
Wide Range

The avalanche-like growth of traffic intensity and freight traffic, the tightening of requirements for the quality of road clothes, the shortage of conditioned mineral raw materials in many regions of the Russian Federation prompt the construction materials science sector to search for new, promising methods for improving the quality of products. Road construction, one of the most material-intensive areas, is focused on maximizing the use of local, often non-conditioning materials, so composites made on their basis do not meet modern operational requirements. In this paper, a number of porous fine dispersed fillers have been investigated that could perform, on the one hand, the functions of a mineral powder, and on the other hand, serve as the carrier of a certain substance that regulates the properties of a road composite. The identification of the mechanism of interaction of mineral powders with bitumen was carried out by studying surface, physical-mechanical and chemical properties, as well as microstructural features and reactivity. It was found that the high porosity characteristic of fillers from perlite and zeolite is due to the highly developed pore architecture with the diameter of the entrance windows in a wide range. The study of the chemistry of the surface of a solid was carried out by evaluating the surface on which there are active centers due to the presence of hydroxyl groups and impurity centers. By the results of the experiment, it was found that an increase in the content of active sites on the surface of a mineral filler is directly proportional to its porosity. As a result of the conducted studies it was established that zeolites are the most promising raw material for organomineral composites. They have a developed specific surface, unique pore architecture, high structuring and adsorption capacity.

scholarly journals Architectonics of domed temples of modern Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (2) ◽  
pp. 022105
Author(s):  
Bohdan Cherkes ◽  
Oksana Diachok ◽  
Oleksandra Kolodrubska ◽  
Sofiia Myroniuk ◽  
Chuyko Oleg
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
National University ◽  
New Construction ◽  
University Department ◽  
Canonical Type ◽  
Architecture And Design

Abstract The article highlights some results of scientific work conducted by the Institute of Architecture and Design of Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Fine Arts and Design, Ternopil Pedagogical University, Department of Design Architectural Environment Lviv National Agrarian University and Art TheoryVasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University.Scientists study the art of temple building on the territory of Ukraine. The analysis was conducted based on reliable sources - archival, publications of leading scientists, their own field research. The method of field inspections included visual inspection of sacred complexes, architectural measurements, photography, sketches, etc. The aim of the scientific work is to study the genesis of the architectural and constructive creation of the sacral dome space through the tradition of Ukrainian shrines and the development of modern trends in temple building. Tradition is one of the most important components and means of creating Ukrainian church architecture. It is an expression of national features and characteristics, its identification. The most canonical type of Ukrainian churches is the cross-domes churches, which is associated with the adoption of Christianity. This tradition is closely connected with the liturgical process and is based on a combination of Eastern and Western building traditions. In figurative and compositional expression, the dome is dominant, and tectonic accent. The architecture of dome temples depends on the capabilities of structures and building materials, which are important factors in the formation process. The authors explore the traditional ways of erecting cross-dome temples on the territory of Ukraine, which are indicative and expressive features of Ukrainian temples. An important group of dome temples are buildings created in the modern period, when architects were looking for signs of Ukrainian national style. Particularly valuable is research related to the construction of neoukrainian traditional and neoteric temples designed by Ukrainian architects. Their planning and spatial decisions directly depend on new construction materials and design solutions. Some temples are described, which are an example of innovation, but at the same time are based on national traditions. Thus, the article examines the genesis of the creation and architecture of the Ukrainian cross-domed temples. Defined peculiarities of the search for national features and identification in the Ukrainian temple building in the interwar period was determined. Highlighted contribution of modern architects and designers to the process of revival of temple building in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Self-Healing Construction Materials: The Geomimetic Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9033
Author(s):  
Valery Lesovik ◽  
Roman Fediuk ◽  
Mugahed Amran ◽  
Nikolai Vatin ◽  
Roman Timokhin
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Evolutionary Stage ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Building Science ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Wide Range

A person spends most of his life in rooms built from various building materials; therefore, the optimization of the human environment is an important and complex task that requires interdisciplinary approaches. Within the framework of the new theory of geomimetics in the building science of materials, the concepts of technogenic metasomatism, the affinity of microstructures, and the possibilities of creating composites that respond to operational loads and can self-heal defects have been created. The article aims to introduce the basic principles of the science of geomimetics in terms of the design and synthesis of building materials. The study’s novelty lies in the concept of technogenic metasomatism and the affinity of microstructures developed by the authors. Novel technologies have been proposed to produce a wide range of composite binders (including waterproof and frost-resistant gypsum binders) using novel forms of source materials with high free internal energy. The affinity microstructures for anisotropic materials have been formulated, which involves the design of multilayered composites and the repair of compounds at three levels (nano-, micro-, macro-). The proposed theory of technogenic metasomatism in the building science of materials represents an evolutionary stage for composites that are categorized by their adaptation to evolving circumstances in the operation of buildings and structures. Materials for three-dimensional additive technologies in construction are proposed, and examples of these can be found in nature. Different ways of applying our concept for the design of building materials in future works are proposed.

scholarly journals Ways to improve practical training in educational institutions of the MIA of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Andrey Butikov
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The City

The thematic justification is conditioned by the need to constantly improve practice-oriented training in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Practical training in the territorial subdivisions of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs is an important condition for successful professional activity of graduates. The search for ways and methods that qualitatively improve the training of highly qualified personnel makes it possible to correct mistakes in practical training timely. The article analyzes the conditions of practical training for cadets and trainees of the Specialist’s program in the territorial subdivisions of the internal affairs authorities. It is also said about the extension of research aimed at improving the organization and content of practices, which was started in 2019 at the St. PetersburgUniversity of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The results of a diagnostic experiment with 5th year trainees in 2020 are presented and it is made an emphasis on the possibilities of practical training in certain regions of the Russian Federation. The article also highlights the features of the practical training of trainees in a subspecialty – the activities of the divisional police officer. The author also analyzes the results of the experiment and proposed for discussion the conclusion about the need for collaborative work of the teaching staff of the departments of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia with employees of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia - heads of practices (mentors), in organizing and conducting practices for cadets and trainees in the city area, in which there are conditions for trainees to gain a variety of experience in law enforcement.

scholarly journals Innovative Evaporative Cooling System Toward Net Zero Energy Buildings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreu Moià-Pol ◽  
Victor Martínez-Moll ◽  
Susana Hormigos ◽  
Andrey Lyubchik
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Time Of Year

The SSHARE project will develop innovative self-sufficient envelope for buildings aimed at net zero energy, thereby contributing to the European technology. Envelope is a combination of two breaking through technologies: HUNTER-Humidity to Electricity Convertor and Advanced Radiant Panel for Buildings that will cool or heat the building, depending on the time of year, imitating perspiration of living beings and using only water as both thermal and electric energy supply. Successful realization of the project is assured by implementing a coordinated network of knowledge sharing in materials science, chemistry and mechanical engineering; by solidifying the state-of-the-art understanding in nanoelectronics and energy efficiency, and by applying bottom-up nanoengineering approaches via an international and inter-sector collaboration of highly qualified researchers from Portugal, Spain, Ukraine, Belarus, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Russian Federation. Technological (panels fabrication) as well as fundamental (renewable energy) issues will be assessed by this multidisciplinary consortium. This paper explains the basis and principles for the development of a new generation of building materials and hence the creation of net zero building. Sharing the culture of research and innovation, the SSHARE project will allow applying recent advancements in nanotechnology science and mechanical engineering to address ““Plus Energy Houses”” EU 2050 concept.”.

scholarly journals Effective building materials using technogenic waste and mineral raw materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 340 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Liliya Berdnikova ◽  
Fedor Gorbunov ◽  
Andrey Lapin
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Slip Casting ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
Technogenic Waste ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dry Pressing

The results of research on the development of compositions of construction materials for structural purposes based on technogenic waste and mineral raw materials are presented. The possibility of obtaining materials with a wide range of operational properties by the methods of slip casting (compressive strength of the samples based on chamotte and sand is 53.0–95.9 and 50.0-69.5 MPa, bending strength is 8.1–16.5 and 8.5–15.3 MPa, abrasion is 0.2–0.36 and 0.15–0.39 g/cm2, respectively) and semi-dry pressing (compressive strength of the samples based on chamotte and sand are 19.1–43.5 and 18.3–32.6 MParespectively) isdemonstrated.

scholarly journals Foams based on industrial waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Manakova
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Foam Glass ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Microscopic Studies

Substantial volumes of tailings and waste rocks placed in dumps create serious environmental and economic damage in mining areas and adjacent territories. The development of technologies for processing waste into heat-insulating building materials (foam glass) will make it possible to reduce the burden on the environment, as well as reduce the cost of finished building products. The article substantiates the possibility of obtaining block foamed materials for the production of heat-insulating materials based on man-made waste using low-temperature technology. The author investigated the ways of improving the operational properties of foam silicates by introducing modifying additives (apatite-nepheline waste, fly ash). To obtain foam silicates based on silica-containing waste, a liquid glass composition was prepared, into which additives were introduced. After molding and drying, the samples were swollen. Physical, chemical and thermal properties of foamed silicate materials made of silica-containing raw materials were determined taking into account the requirements of GOST for thermal insulation construction materials. To determine the thermal conductivity coefficient, an ITP-MG 4 electronic thermal conductivity meter was used. Microscopic studies were carried out using a SEM LEO 420 scanning microscope. The author of the article proposes the optimal compositions and conditions for obtaining foam materials that meet the regulatory requirements for materials and products for building insulation. Foamed materials with density up to 0.55 g/cm3, strength 5.5 MPa, water absorption 15–22 %, thermal conductivity 0.09–0.104 W•m/K were obtained. Foam glass materials have a wide range of properties: non-flammable, environmentally friendly, have a long service life, and are not subject to mold deterioration. The obtained materials can be recommended for use as thermal insulation in the construction and reconstruction of industrial and civil buildings and structures.

scholarly journals SNI - 2491-2014

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subandi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Tensile Strength Test

This is the standard method of tensile strength test for split concrete cylindrical specimens issued by the Indonesian National Standard Board (SNI) of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) on "The tensile strength test method of cylindrical concrete specimens" is a revision of SNI 03-2491-2002, Testing methods the tensile strength of concrete. This standard is the result of identical adoption of ASTM C496 / C496M-04, Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. This standard was prepared by the 91-01 Technical Committee on Building Construction Materials and Civil Engineering through the Building Materials Working Group on the 91-01-S4 Technical Sub-Committee on Building Materials, Science and Construction. The writing procedures are compiled following the BSN Guideline Number 8 of 2007 and have been discussed in a consensus meeting on June 3, 2013, in Bandung, by a Technical Sub-Committee involving speakers, experts, and related institutions.

scholarly journals Modeling the colloidal dispersions: flocculation kinetics though particle dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 02033
Author(s):  
Vladimir Smirnov ◽  
Evgenij Korolev
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Colloidal Dispersions ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Particle Aggregates ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
Coagulation Kernel

The problem of stability of colloids recently begins to attract extra attention in construction materials science. This is due to numerous attempts to employ different kind of nanoscale modifiers for production of building materials with enhanced operational properties. Problems of stability and coagulation in colloidal dispersions are studied for several decades, and numerous results were already obtained within framework of Smoluchowski coagulation theory. In the present work we have performed numerical study of the flocculation process and compared the results with well-known ones. It was shown that even for complex pairwise potential the kinetics of number density for isolated particles is not very different from the kinetics which corresponds to constant coagulation kernel. However, for number density of many-particle aggregates we have observed number of peculiarities, including semi-periodic behavior.

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