scholarly journals Crossing the Threshold: The Role of Density Dependence and Demographic Stochasticity in the Evolution of Cooperation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas LoFaro
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependence ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Demographic Stochasticity

The role of density-dependence regulation in the misleading effect of the Aznalcollar mining spill on the booted eagle fecundity

2017 ◽  
Vol 583 ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esperanza Gil-Jiménez ◽  
Javier Manzano ◽  
Eva Casado ◽  
Miguel Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependence

Non-equilibrium dynamics and stochastic processes

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Karen C. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Processes ◽  
Density Dependence ◽  
Classical Theory ◽  
Ecological Theory ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Transient Phenomena ◽  
Equilibrium Dynamics ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Ecological Understanding

Most standard theoretical approaches emphasize the role of deterministic density dependence in creating and maintaining equilibrium dynamics. At the same time, it is widely recognized that ecological processes are inherently stochastic, and that disturbances and variation in the environment and in the fates of individuals prevent many ecological systems from resting at their theoretical equilibrium. A developing body of stochastic ecological theory aims to bridge the gap between the deterministic tools of classical theory and the stochastic, non-equilibrial questions that real systems present to us. This chapter provides an overview of this developing theory, with an emphasis on approaches that confront the complex interplay between deterministic density dependence, and perturbations. Although intuition may suggest that stochasticity and transient phenomena should obscure ecological understanding, they can actually strengthen it when viewed through the appropriate lens, as illustrated in this chapter.

Reciprocity, Bullying, and International Cooperation: Time-series Analysis of the Bosnia Conflict

1997 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Goldstein ◽  
Jon C. Pevehouse
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Strategic Response ◽  
Conflict And Cooperation ◽  
Regional Conflicts ◽  
Neoliberal Institutionalism ◽  
Events Data

Although the role of reciprocity in international cooperation is central to neoliberal institutionalism, empirical understanding of the concept remains weak. We analyze strategic response patterns—the use of reciprocity or inverse response (bullying)—in the Bosnia conflict from 1992 to 1995. We construct weekly time series of conflict and cooperation among the parties to the Bosnia war, using machine-coded events data. Time-series statistical analysis identifies several important patterns of strategic response, both reciprocal and inverse. These include bilateral responses, which are central to the concepts of reciprocity and evolution of cooperation, and triangular responses, which are central to the debates on containment versus accommodation in regional conflicts. Specifically, Serb forces displayed inverse triangular response, cooperating toward Bosnia after being punished by NATO. Outside powers displayed triangular reciprocity, increasing hostility toward Serb forces after Serbian attacks on the Bosnian government.

How Virtue Was Born

Gerontology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A. Nowak ◽  
Karl Sigmund
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
European Forum ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Life On Earth

This paper summarizes the Opening Lecture of the European Forum Alpbach 2017 in Tyrol/Austria (https://www.alpbach.org/de/). It deals with the evolution of cooperation throughout the history of life on Earth, and in particular human cooperation based on partnership. It emphasizes the role of institutions providing incentives for cooperation, and the role of praise and blame in guiding our actions. This helps for a better understanding of the social contract, based on evolutionary biology and psychology.

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