scholarly journals Pit Features: A View From Grand Island, Michigan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily R. Bartz
Keyword(s):  
Grand Island

The Manifestation of New Public Service Principles in Small-town Government: A Case Study of Grand Island, New York

2021 ◽  
pp. 0160323X2110031
Author(s):  
Jason D. Rivera ◽  
Andrew Uttaro
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Engagement Strategies ◽  
New Public ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
Grand Island ◽  
Inclusive Governance

Although New Public Service (NPS) principles are well known, their practice in local government settings has only been limitedly explored. As a means of better understanding governance practices that adhere to NPS principles in local contexts, this study engaged in a case study of Grand Island, New York. Through the analysis of interviews with elected officials and civic servant department heads, it is observed that public servants practice various public engagement strategies for gauging public sentiment and interests in public policy. However, these same public servants point out the challenges of public hearings and social media to understanding their citizens. Information on public servants’ notions of accountability is observed, which relates to how they view the public’s involvement in policy processes. Recommendations for future research are provided as a means of enhancing our understanding and development of more inclusive governance practices.

The Woodland Period Occupation of Grand Island

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C. Drake ◽  
Sean B. Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Woodland Period ◽  
Grand Island

58 PRODUCTION OF CLONED BOVINE EMBRYOS DERIVED FROM AMNIOTIC CELLS OF PREGNANT COWS

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
S. Taniguchi ◽  
N. Hayashi ◽  
Y. Abe ◽  
D. Iwamoto ◽  
S. Kishigami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Calcium Ionophore ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Serum Starvation ◽  
Lamp Method ◽  
Developmental Capacity ◽  
Grand Island ◽  
Cloned Bovine ◽  
Amniotic Cells

Progeny tests are widely used for selection of sires for beef and dairy cattle. A less costly method might be to clone the sire candidates at their earliest developmental stage possible. To produce cloned bulls, we obtained amniotic cells as donors for nuclear transfer by transvaginal aspiration of pregnant cows. However, the collected cells may include some maternal cells. In this study, we examined collection methods to obtain only fetal cells from the collected fluid. We also examined the developmental capacity of the embryos cloned from these cells. Amniotic fluids were aspirated from pregnant cows by ultrasound-guided aspiration. We collected amniotic fluids from 27 pregnant Japanese black beef cattle (between 58 and 132 days of gestation). In Method 1, cells were recovered from the whole amniotic fluid (approximately 15 mL). In Method 2, the initial 5 mL of aspirated fluid was discarded and then the next 10 mL sample was collected. Cells were recovered from the collected fluids. The cells in the fluids were washed twice by centrifugation and then cultured in AmnioMAX™-II medium (GIBCO, Grand Island, NY, USA). After 3–4 passages, the sex of the cell lines was determined by the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method (Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). For the cell lines that were determined as 'male' by the LAMP method we further analyzed the sex of individual cells (137–620 cells of each cell line) by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using a bovineY chromosome-specific probe (Kobayashi et al. 1998 Mol. Reprod. Dev. 51, 390–394). The percentage of male cells obtained from Methods 1 and 2 were 0–0.4% (from 4 animals) and 93.7–99.5% (from 6 animals), respectively. Then, we used confluent amniotic cells from 3 cell lines obtained by Method 2 as donor cells for nuclear transfer and examined the developmental capacity of the cloned embryos. Bovine fibroblasts cultured under serum starvation were used as a control. The cells were electrically fused (2.7 kV cm–1, 11 µs, 2 times) with enucleated bovine oocytes, and activated with a calcium ionophore and cycloheximide. They were subsequently cultured in mSOF until 168 h post-activation. The data were analyzed with Fisher's protected least-squares difference (PLSD) test following ANOVA. The rates of fusion, cleavage, and development to the blastocyst stage of the cloned embryos were the same as those of the control embryos (78% v. 81%, 75% v. 75%, and 22% v. 27%, respectively; P > 0.05). Furthermore, the rate of male blastocysts derived from the cloned embryos with the three cell lines was 95% (19/20). These results indicate that the amniotic fluids collected from pregnant cows by Method 2 contained fewer maternal cells, and that the embryos cloned from the cells developed in a manner similar to that of embryos cloned from the fibroblasts. This work was supported byWakayama Prefecture CREATE, JST.

412 VIABILITY OF ENZYMATICALLY ISOLATED BOVINE PRIMORDIAL AND PRIMARY OVARIAN FOLLICLES COLLECTED BY THE BIOPSY PICK-UP TECHNIQUE

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
J. M. J. Aerts ◽  
B. Martinez-Madrid ◽  
K. Flothmann ◽  
J. B. P. De Clercq ◽  
P. E. J. Bols
Keyword(s):  
Living Donor ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Molecular Probes ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Grand Island ◽  
Donor Cows

Our institution recently developed a new tool for transvaginal, ultrasound-guided collection of ovarian biopsies from living donor cows (Aerts et al. 2005 Theriogenology 64, 947–957). The biopsy pickup (BPU) device consists of a modified needle guidance system, which is equipped with a trocar needle and carries a 60-cm-long true-cut biopsy needle. In a previous experiment, the presence of primordial and preantral follicles in BPU-derived biopsies was demonstrated. As follicular integrity is a prerequisite for further culture or research, the aim of the present study was to assess the viability of enzymatically isolated primordial and primary ovarian follicles collected by the BPU instrument. Four cows were subjected to a one-time BPU procedure. Four cortical biopsies were collected per ovary from each animal. Follicle viability was determined by the dual fluorescent probe technique described by Cortvrindt and Smitz (2001 Fertil. Steril. 75, 588–593). In live cells, calcein-AM is converted into calcein by intracellular esterase enzymes, producing an intense green fluorescence. In dead cells, ethidium homodimer-I is able to penetrate the damaged plasma membrane and, upon binding to nucleic acids, undergo a 40-fold enrichment of fluorescence, thereby producing an intense red signal. Upon retrieval, the biopsies were immersed in HEPES-buffered minimum essential medium (GIBCO, Grand Island, NY, USA) at 4�C. In the laboratory, the tissue samples were transferred to 50-mL conical tubes containing 20 mL PBS supplemented with 1 mg mL-1 collagenase type IA (Sigma-Aldrich NV/SA, Bornem, Belgium) and were incubated in a water bath at 37�C for 60 min. The digestion was terminated by adding an equal volume of cold PBS. The resulting suspension was centrifuged at 300g for 10 min at 8�C. The pellet was resuspended in PBS and transferred to a Petri dish. Each Petri dish was examined under a phase-contrast inverted microscope (Olympus CHX41) equipped with an eyepiece micrometer, and the primordial and primary follicles were collected with a glass micropipette. Isolated follicles were mounted on a slide in 50-�L droplets of PBS containing 2 �mol L-1 calceine-AM and 5 �mol L-1 ethidium homodimer-I (Molecular Probes, Leiden, The Netherlands), and incubated in the dark for 45 min at 37�C. After incubation, the follicles were examined under a fluorescence microscope (Olympus BX61). A total of 95 enzymatically isolated follicles were analyzed for viability with fluorescent probes; 89 (93.7%) of these were viable. Viable follicles were retrieved from all animals. This experiment confirms that viable primordial and primary follicles can be retrieved from living donor cows by the BPU procedure, which makes the technique suited for further culture or research.

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