scholarly journals IS OIL EXPORT A CURSE IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES? EVIDENCE OF PARADOX OF PLENTY ON FOOD DEPENDENCY

New Medit ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdallah Djella ◽  
Luigi Cembalo ◽  
Marilena Furno ◽  
Francesco Caracciolo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Regression Estimator ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
Food Dependency ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

The study focuses on the “curse of resources” and on the “paradox of plenty”, to test the extent to which the oil-export may contribute to the food dependency and to the food insecurity of a country. The empirical analysis is carried out in countries characterized by a percentage of oil contribution to the GDP between 45% to 90% meanwhile facing food security challenges. The estimated model shows the sizable and statistically significant impact of oil export on food import and undernourishment. The analysis is further extended to the tails implementing, besides OLS, the quantile regression estimator.

scholarly journals Impacts of COVID-19 on Trade and Economic Aspects of Food Security: Evidence from 45 Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasilii Erokhin ◽  
Tianming Gao
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Food Inflation

The stability of food supply chains is crucial to the food security of people around the world. Since the beginning of 2020, this stability has been undergoing one of the most vigorous pressure tests ever due to the COVID-19 outbreak. From a mere health issue, the pandemic has turned into an economic threat to food security globally in the forms of lockdowns, economic decline, food trade restrictions, and rising food inflation. It is safe to assume that the novel health crisis has badly struck the least developed and developing economies, where people are particularly vulnerable to hunger and malnutrition. However, due to the recency of the COVID-19 problem, the impacts of macroeconomic fluctuations on food insecurity have remained scantily explored. In this study, the authors attempted to bridge this gap by revealing interactions between the food security status of people and the dynamics of COVID-19 cases, food trade, food inflation, and currency volatilities. The study was performed in the cases of 45 developing economies distributed to three groups by the level of income. The consecutive application of the autoregressive distributed lag method, Yamamoto’s causality test, and variance decomposition analysis allowed the authors to find the food insecurity effects of COVID-19 to be more perceptible in upper-middle-income economies than in the least developed countries. In the latter, food security risks attributed to the emergence of the health crisis were mainly related to economic access to adequate food supply (food inflation), whereas in higher-income developing economies, availability-sided food security risks (food trade restrictions and currency depreciation) were more prevalent. The approach presented in this paper contributes to the establishment of a methodology framework that may equip decision-makers with up-to-date estimations of health crisis effects on economic parameters of food availability and access to staples in food-insecure communities.

scholarly journals Why Tenure Responsive Land-Use Planning Matters: Insights for Land Use Consolidation for Food Security in Rwanda

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chigbu ◽  
Ntihinyurwa ◽  
de Vries ◽  
Ngenzi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Planning Procedure ◽  
Contradictory Evidence

Land use consolidation aims to address food insecurity challenges in Rwanda. However, there is contradictory evidence on whether this tool has met food security objectives or not. This study addresses two questions: How has the land use consolidation improved (or not improved) food security at the local level? How can food security challenges be addressed using a renewed approach to land use consolidation that adopts a tenure responsive land use planning procedure? We investigate these questions in Nyange Sector (in the Musanze District) of Rwanda using mixed research methods. The study generates theoretical and policy relevant outcomes. Theoretically, it links the concept of tenure responsive land-use planning to food security improvements. Policy wise, it provides an operational framework for implementing land use consolidation to make it more responsive to food security (based on tenure responsive land-use planning measures) in Rwanda.

scholarly journals Social Learning and Paulo Freire Concepts for Understanding Food Security Cases in Brazil

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
Michelle Bonatti ◽  
Juliano Borba ◽  
Katharina Löhr ◽  
Crystal Tremblay ◽  
Stefan Sieber
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
Improve Food Security

Food insecurity is a wicked, complex, and critical problem. Although evidence supporting a wide range of assertions regarding the outcomes of social learning is still being investigated, its potential to improve food security challenges is growing. Nonetheless, more work is needed to understand when and how social learning-oriented approaches are effective in food security situations. We address this gap by investigating how elements of social learning and Freire’s key concepts are exemplified in existing real-world experiences of food security in rural communities. The case studies in Brazil, Community Seed Banks in Paraíba State, in the northeast and Biodiversity Kit in Guaraciaba, Santa Catarina State, in the south, are examples of small farmers facing and overcoming their limit-situation of food insecurity through celebrating, planting, and saving traditional seeds (landraces). A mixed-methods approach was applied based on semi-structured interviews and a literature review. The key findings show that local initiatives based on the interconnections of social learning and Freire´s concepts have improved food security in two cases. The practice of landrace rescue as a food security strategy is strengthened through a culture of closeness and solidarity, through values that are celebrated in the festivities, community meetings, and other exchanges of experiences. Applications of our conceptual framework in operational interventions show clear potential for generating the necessary changes for a more sustainable world, specifically in food security and sovereignty projects, as described in the cases studies.

scholarly journals Effect of COVID-19 on public distribution system in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallavi Pathak ◽  
Tapan Gope ◽  
Nadine Bader
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Public Distribution System ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Government

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the whole world to face an economic crisis and hence putting people even more at risk of food insecurity; supply chain setup has been disrupted severely due to numerous transport restrictions. There is a need for various components of government machinery to work in complete synergy for aligning services, making provision for supplies and arranging means of delivery to the citizens. This review gives an understanding about the food security situation in India, problem faced by the citizens, in particular the poor and vulnerable population, small and marginal farmers during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also analyses the steps taken by the government of India to address the food security challenges during COVID-19. We have discussed the importance of macrolevel thinking and various measures that can be taken to strengthen public distribution system in India. We have also discussed policies to support the small and marginal farmers, wage laborers, and migrant workers.

The Word Class Adjective in English Business Magazines Online

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-115
Author(s):  
Borislav Marušić ◽  
Sanda Katavić-Čaušić
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Business English ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
English Syntax ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The aim of this paper is to research the word class adjective in one sequence of the ESP: Business English, more precisely English business magazines online. It is an empirical study on the corpus taken from a variety of business magazines online. The empirical analysis allows a comprehensive insight into the word class adjective in this variety of Business English and makes its contribution to English syntax, semantics and word formation. The syntactic part analyses the adjective position in the sentence. The semantic part of the study identifies the most common adjectives that appear in English business magazines online. Most of the analysis is devoted to the word formation of the adjectives found in the corpus. The corpus is analysed in such a way that it enables its division into compounds, derivatives and conversions. The results obtained in this way will give a comprehensive picture of the word class adjective in this type of Business English and can act as a starting point for further research of the word class adjective.

Food insecurity transitions among rural households in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwakemi Adeola Obayelu ◽  
Emem Ime Akpan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Food Expenditure

Food insecurity dynamics of rural households in Nigeria was assessed using a panel data. Results showed that 44.4% of households that were food secure in the first panel transited into food insecurity in the second panel, while 32.5% that were mildly food insecure transited into food security. Furthermore, 25.7% transited from moderate food insecurity to food security, while 38.2% transited from severe food insecurity to food security. About 35.1% of households were never food insecure; 11.4% exited food insecurity 28.0% entered food insecurity; while 25.48% remained always food insecure. Having primary education, secondary education, dependency ratio, household size, share of non-food expenditure and farm size explained food insecurity transition. However, the likelihood of a household being always food insecure was explained by gender, female-to-male-adult ratio, marital status, primary education, secondary education, dependency ratio, share of non-food expenditure, farm size, access to credit and access to remittance.

ICT SMEs, Performance, Absorptive Capacity and Transformative Capacity

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-188
Author(s):  
Yeon-Sung Cho ◽  
Kyung-Il Khoe
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Transformative Capacity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Innovative Capacity

This study intends to integrate the relationship of market orientation, innovative capacity and firm performance to Information and Communication Technology(ICT) SMEs. The purpose of this study is to identify the role of absorptive capacity and transformative capacity that affect the performance of ICT SMEs. Hypotheses were established between five latent variables. A total of six hypotheses were established including the moderated effects of absorptive capacity and transformative capacity. Of the data collected after the survey, 112 valid surveys were selected as the final sample, except for 17 questionnaires with high non - response and insincere response. The empirical analysis of this study used smartpls3.0, Partial Least Squares (PLS), a variance-based structural equation modeling. The empirical analysis of this study revealed that the impact of market orientation on innovative capacity was significant. Moreover, the innovative capacity had a positive effect on the performance of ICT SMEs. In addition, the absorptive activity had a positive moderated effect between the market orientation and the innovative capacity. On the other hand, the transformative capacity showed a positive moderated effect in relation to innovative capacity and firm performance. Our empirical results have demonstrated the importance of knowledge based capacity in the ICT SMEs.

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