STUDY OF PLATINUM ELECTRODES APPLIED IN THE TREATMENT OF PHENOLIC WASTEWATER

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-556
Author(s):  
Igor Cretescu ◽  
Harold Braunstein ◽  
Matei Macoveanu
Keyword(s):  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Phenolic Wastewater

Control of Metal Alloy Oxidation with Electric Fields

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
R. R. Dils ◽  
P. S. Follansbee
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Oxide Surface ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Insulating Layer ◽  
Iron Base Alloy ◽  
Alloy Oxidation ◽  
Aluminum Oxide Layer ◽  
And Control

Electric fields have been applied across oxides growing on a high temperature alloy and control of the oxidation of the material has been demonstrated. At present, three-fold increases in the oxidation rate have been measured in accelerating fields and the oxidation process has been completely stopped in a retarding field.The experiments have been conducted with an iron-base alloy, Pe 25Cr 5A1 0.1Y, although, in principle, any alloy capable of forming an adherent aluminum oxide layer during oxidation can be used. A specimen is polished and oxidized to produce a thin, uniform insulating layer on one surface. Three platinum electrodes are sputtered on the oxide surface and the specimen is reoxidized.

Cerebral Tissue Response in Chronic Electrode Implantation

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 624-625
Author(s):  
R.F. Dodson ◽  
L.W-F Chu ◽  
N. Ishihara
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Response ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Electrode Implantation ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
Micron Diameter ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
Electrode Sheath

The extent of damage surrounding an implanted electrode in the cerebral cortex is a question of significant importance with regard to attaining consistency and validity of physiological recordings. In order to determine the extent of such tissue changes, 150 micron diameter platinum electrodes were implanted in the cortex of four adult baboons, and after eight days the animals were sacrificed by whole body perfusion with a 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M phosphate fixative.The calvarium was carefully removed and the electrode tracts were readily discernible in the firm, glutaraldehyde fixed tissue.Careful dissection of the zone of the electrode tract resulted in a small block which was further sectioned into tip, mid-tract and surface areas. Ultrastructurally, damage extended from the electrode sheath to the greatest extent of from 0.2 to 3.5 mm.

Use of fractals to describe microstructures of porous thick-film platinum electrodes

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
Steven D. Toteda
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Impedance Response ◽  
Platinum Particles ◽  
Energy Surfaces ◽  
Highly Porous

Zirconia oxygen sensors, in such applications as power plants and automobiles, generally utilize platinum electrodes for the catalytic reaction of dissociating O2 at the surface. The microstructure of the platinum electrode defines the resulting electrical response. The electrode must be porous enough to allow the oxygen to reach the zirconia surface while still remaining electrically continuous. At low sintering temperatures, the platinum is highly porous and fine grained. The platinum particles sinter together as the firing temperatures are increased. As the sintering temperatures are raised even further, the surface of the platinum begins to facet with lower energy surfaces. These microstructural changes can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, but the goal of the work is to characterize the microstructure by its fractal dimension and then relate the fractal dimension to the electrical response. The sensors were fabricated from zirconia powder stabilized in the cubic phase with 8 mol% percent yttria. Each substrate was sintered for 14 hours at 1200°C. The resulting zirconia pellets, 13mm in diameter and 2mm in thickness, were roughly 97 to 98 percent of theoretical density. The Engelhard #6082 platinum paste was applied to the zirconia disks after they were mechanically polished ( diamond). The electrodes were then sintered at temperatures ranging from 600°C to 1000°C. Each sensor was tested to determine the impedance response from 1Hz to 5,000Hz. These frequencies correspond to the electrode at the test temperature of 600°C.

SrBi2Nb2O9 ferroelectric thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition on textured and epitaxied platinum electrodes

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (PR11) ◽  
pp. Pr11-133-Pr11-137
Author(s):  
J. R. Duclère ◽  
M. Guilloux-Viry ◽  
A. Perrin ◽  
A. Dauscher ◽  
S. Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Pulsed Laser Deposition ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Ferroelectric Thin Films ◽  
Laser Deposition ◽  
Platinum Electrodes

Electrolytic analysis with platinum electrodes of light weight

1912 ◽  
Vol s4-34 (200) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
F. A. Gooch ◽  
W. L. Burdick
Keyword(s):  
Light Weight ◽  
Platinum Electrodes

Effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on the electrochemiluminiscence and electrooxidation of luminol

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Lasovský ◽  
František Grambal
Keyword(s):  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Critical Micellar Concentration ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Anodic Peak ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Micellar Solutions ◽  
Linear Sweep ◽  
Low Concentrations

The electrooxidation of luminol in alkaline solutions in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (I) was studied by linear sweep voltammetry on fixed and vibrating platinum electrodes. The presence of I in low concentrations (below the critical micellar concentration) brings about aggregation of the luminol, which is manifested by an increase in the anodic peak height and its shift towards lower potentials. In micellar solutions the peak height decreases owing to the slower diffusion of the bulkier micelles, the shift to lower potentials being preserved. The light-voltage curves correspond with the voltammetric curves, exhibiting identical shifts of the peak potentials in dependence on the concentration of the surfactant.

scholarly journals Efficient automated localization of ECoG electrodes in CT images via shape analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-554
Author(s):  
Jessica Centracchio ◽  
Antonio Sarno ◽  
Daniele Esposito ◽  
Emilio Andreozzi ◽  
Luigi Pavone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Analysis ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Epileptogenic Zone ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Public Repository ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Depth Electrodes ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Cortical Regions

Abstract Purpose People with drug-refractory epilepsy are potential candidates for surgery. In many cases, epileptogenic zone localization requires intracranial investigations, e.g., via ElectroCorticoGraphy (ECoG), which uses subdural electrodes to map eloquent areas of large cortical regions. Precise electrodes localization on cortical surface is mandatory to delineate the seizure onset zone. Simple thresholding operations performed on patients’ computed tomography (CT) volumes recognize electrodes but also other metal objects (e.g., wires, stitches), which need to be manually removed. A new automated method based on shape analysis is proposed, which provides substantially improved performances in ECoG electrodes recognition. Methods The proposed method was retrospectively tested on 24 CT volumes of subjects with drug-refractory focal epilepsy, presenting a large number (> 1700) of round platinum electrodes. After CT volume thresholding, six geometric features of voxel clusters (volume, symmetry axes lengths, circularity and cylinder similarity) were used to recognize the actual electrodes among all metal objects via a Gaussian support vector machine (G-SVM). The proposed method was further tested on seven CT volumes from a public repository. Simultaneous recognition of depth and ECoG electrodes was also investigated on three additional CT volumes, containing penetrating depth electrodes. Results The G-SVM provided a 99.74% mean classification accuracy across all 24 single-patient datasets, as well as on the combined dataset. High accuracies were obtained also on the CT volumes from public repository (98.27% across all patients, 99.68% on combined dataset). An overall accuracy of 99.34% was achieved for the recognition of depth and ECoG electrodes. Conclusions The proposed method accomplishes automated ECoG electrodes localization with unprecedented accuracy and can be easily implemented into existing software for preoperative analysis process. The preliminary yet surprisingly good results achieved for the simultaneous depth and ECoG electrodes recognition are encouraging. Ethical approval n°NCT04479410 by “IRCCS Neuromed” (Pozzilli, Italy), 30th July 2020.

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