scholarly journals Pesticide Misting System Enhances Residual Pesticide Treatment of HESCO Geotextile

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
R. L. Aldridge ◽  
S. C. Britch ◽  
K. J. Linthicum ◽  
F. V. Golden ◽  
Thomas T. Dao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sand Flies ◽  
Desert Environment ◽  
Pesticide Treatment ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Residual Pesticide ◽  
Arid Desert

ABSTRACT Residual pesticide treatment of US military materials such as camouflage netting and HESCO blast wall geotextile is an effective way to reduce biting pressure within protected perimeters. However, residual treatments eventually wane and require retreatment in situ, which may not be possible or practical in military scenarios. One solution is to install pesticide misting systems on treated perimeters, which may additively enhance residual treatments, and gradually retreat perimeter material as misted pesticide settles. In this investigation we show that pesticide misting can extend efficacy of residual treatments on HESCO geotextile against mosquitoes and sand flies in a hot-arid desert environment by 1–2 wk.

scholarly journals Residual Pesticide On Hesco® Blast Protection Wall In Temperate Florida Habitat Effective Against Mosquitoes, Stable Flies, and Sand Flies

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth C. Britch ◽  
Kenneth J. Linthicum ◽  
Robert L. Aldridge ◽  
Todd W. Walker ◽  
Mattie J. E. Rush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Integrated Vector Management ◽  
United States Military ◽  
Stable Flies ◽  
Blast Protection ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
The Us ◽  
Residual Pesticide

ABSTRACT United States military troops in the field are exposed to the environment and are thus at high risk for transmission of arboviruses, and degradation of mission from continual harassment from insects. Passive vector control, such as application of residual insecticides to US military materials common in the field such as tents and camouflage netting, has been shown to be effective and can contribute to a successful integrated vector management (IVM) plan in the field to reduce this risk. However, other common US military field materials have not been evaluated with residual pesticides. In this study we conducted the first known investigation of the efficacy and longevity of a residual pesticide containing λ-cyhalothrin applied to HESCO® blast protection wall geotextile. We exposed treated material to a temperate Florida environment and found that this treatment can be effective against sand flies, filth-breeding flies, and mosquitoes for at least 6 wk. This study provides evidence that residual treatment of this US military material may be leveraged as an IVM component to enhance the US Department of Defense pest management system.

scholarly journals Research on the Effects of Occupational Stress and the DRD2 Gene on the Psychological Health of Workers in the Xinjiang Desert Oil Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Jiang ◽  
Gulijianati Wumaier ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Xu Yang ◽  
Jiwen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Desert Environment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Oil Workers ◽  
Arid Desert ◽  
Personal Strain ◽  
The Relationship

Background: This study investigated the relationship between occupational stress and the mental health of people working in oil fields in the arid desert environment of Xinjiang, and revealed the causal relationship between occupational stress and psychological disorders, while furthermore exploring the relationship between psychological disorders and genetic levels.Methods: The participants of this study included oil field company workers from the Xinjiang Petroleum Administration of Karamay City, Xinjiang, who underwent occupational health examinations. The Occupational Stress Inventory Revised Edition (OSI-R) was used to measure the occupational stress of the oil workers. The mental health status of oil workers was evaluated using the Symptoms Checklist-90.Results: Occupational tasks: The total scores of the personal strain and mental health questionnaires were positively correlated with somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, terror, paranoia, and psychosis (P < 0.05). Individual coping resources and the mental health total score was negatively correlated with somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, hostility, terror, paranoia, and psychosis. The following factors were identified as mental health risk factors: female gender; age 45 and above (relative to ≤30 years old); high scores on the personal strain questionnaire; occupational stress; external effort; internal investment; and high effort-low return. The following factors were identified as protective factors for mental health: Han nationality; oil transportation (relative to drilling); individual resilience; and work returns. In respect to the abnormal psychological group and the normal psychological group, statistically significant differences were found in the distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies at the rs1800497 locus (P < 0.05). The depression and paranoia scores observed between different genotype groups at the rs1800497 locus were statistically significant (P < 0.05).Conclusions: This study shows that occupational stress and the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene have an impact on the mental health of oil field workers in the arid desert environment of Xinjiang. Effort-reward imbalance and occupational stress were identified as risk factors for mental health, while rewards for work were protective factors. Higher levels of occupational stress may lead to depression and other psychological disorders, adversely affecting mental health. In oil field operators in the arid desert environment of Xinjiang, the AA genotype of the DRD2 gene in the rs1800497 locus was identified as a genotype specific to susceptibility to mental health problems, and a correlation was found between the A allele and an increased risk of psychological problems. Therefore, it is necessary to devise relevant measures to alleviate occupational stress among oil workers and increase their job rewards, so as to improve their mental health.

scholarly journals Whole-genome sequencing of Tarim red deer (Cervus elaphus yarkandensis) reveals demographic history and adaptations to an arid-desert environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Buweihailiqiemu Ababaikeri ◽  
Shamshidin Abduriyim ◽  
Yilamujiang Tohetahong ◽  
Tayerjan Mamat ◽  
Adil Ahmat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Desert Environment ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
High Solar Radiation ◽  
Arid Desert

Abstract Background The initiation of desert conditions in the Tarim Basin in China since the late Miocene has led to the significant genetic structuring of local organisms. Tarim Red Deer (Cervus elaphus yarkandensis, TRD) have adapted to the harsh environmental conditions in this basin, including high solar radiation and temperature, aridity, and poor nutritional conditions. However, the underlying genetic basis of this adaptation is poorly understood. Results We sequenced the whole genomes of 13 TRD individuals, conducted comparative genomic analyses, and estimated demographic fluctuation. The ∂a∂i model estimated that the TRD and Tule elk (Cervus canadensis nannodes) populations diverged approximately 0.98 Mya. Analyses revealed a substantial influence of the Earth’s climate on the effective population size of TRD, associated with glacial advances and retreat, and human activities likely underlie a recent serious decline in population. A marked bottleneck may have profoundly affected the genetic diversity of TRD populations. We detected a set of candidate genes, pathways, and GO categories related to oxidative stress, water reabsorption, immune regulation, energy metabolism, eye protection, heat stress, respiratory system adaptation, prevention of high blood pressure, and DNA damage and repair that may directly or indirectly be involved in the adaptation of TRD to an arid-desert environment. Conclusions Our analyses highlight the role of historical global climates in the population dynamics of TRD. In light of ongoing global warming and the increasing incidence of droughts, our study offers insights into the genomic adaptations of animals, especially TRD, to extreme arid-desert environments and provides a valuable resource for future research on conservation design and biological adaptations to environmental change.

HYDROPHOBIC CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPOSITE INSULATORS IN SIMULATED INLAND ARID DESERT ENVIRONMENT

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Khan ◽  
Abdulrehman Ali Al-Arainy ◽  
Nazar Hussain Malik ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Qureshi ◽  
Nader Barsoum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Desert Environment ◽  
Arid Desert

Health and behaviour consequences of feral horse relocation

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Hampson ◽  
M. A. Zabek ◽  
C. C. Pollitt ◽  
B. Nock
Keyword(s):  
Good Health ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Desert Environment ◽  
Movement Behaviour ◽  
Insufficient Information ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Feral Horse ◽  
Desert Habitat ◽  
Arid Desert ◽  
Semi Arid

Despite ongoing projects involving the breeding and release of equids into semi-wild and wild environments, insufficient information is available in the literature that describes strategies used by equids to adapt and survive in a novel environment. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of naïve, feral Equus caballus (horse) mares to cope in a novel feral horse environment and investigate possible reasons why some may not survive this challenge. Four mares taken from a semi-arid desert environment remained in good health but significantly changed their movement behaviour pattern when surrounded by prime grazing habitat in a mesic temperate grassland. Three of the four mares captured from the prime grazing habitat and released in the semi-arid desert habitat died, apparently due to stress and/or starvation, within 8 weeks of release. The fourth mare survived 4 months but lost considerable weight. The group of mares relocated to the semi-arid desert environment had difficulty adapting to relocation and did not take up the movement behaviour strategy of local horses, which required long distance treks from a central water hole to distant feeding areas at least 15 km away. The movement behaviour, range use and health consequences of relocating equids may be of interest to wildlife ecologists, animal behaviourists and horse welfare groups. The observations may be used to guide those intending on relocating managed domestic and native horses to novel habitats.

scholarly journals Valley Fever on the Rise—Searching for Microbial Antagonists to the Fungal Pathogen Coccidioides immitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Lauer ◽  
Joe Baal ◽  
Susan Mendes ◽  
Kayla Casimiro ◽  
Alyce Passaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Hazard ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Coccidioides Immitis ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Arid Desert ◽  
Selection Of

The incidence of coccidioidomycosis, also known as Valley Fever, is increasing in the Southwestern United States and Mexico. Despite considerable efforts, a vaccine to protect humans from this disease is not forthcoming. The aim of this project was to isolate and phylogenetically compare bacterial species that could serve as biocontrol candidates to suppress the growth of Coccidioides immitis, the causative agent of coccidioidomycosis, in eroded soils or in areas close to human settlements that are being developed. Soil erosion in Coccidioides endemic areas is leading to substantial emissions of fugitive dust that can contain arthroconidia of the pathogen and thus it is becoming a health hazard. Natural microbial antagonists to C. immitis, that are adapted to arid desert soils could be used for biocontrol attempts to suppress the growth of the pathogen in situ to reduce the risk for humans and animals of contracting coccidioidomycosis. Bacteria were isolated from soil samples obtained near Bakersfield, California. Subsequently, pairwise challenge assays with bacterial pure cultures were initially performed against Uncinocarpus reesii, a non-pathogenic relative of C. immitis on media plates. Bacterial isolates that exhibited strongly antifungal properties were then re-challenged against C. immitis. Strongly anti-C. immitis bacterial isolates related to Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces spp. were isolated, and their antifungal spectrum was investigated using a selection of environmental fungi.

Mycoflora associated withHyoscyamus muticusgrowing under an extremely arid desert environment (Aswan region, Egypt)

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soad A. El-Zayat ◽  
Mortada S. M. Nassar ◽  
Farida T. El-Hissy ◽  
Fatma F. Abdel-Motaal ◽  
Shin-ichi Ito
Keyword(s):  
Desert Environment ◽  
Arid Desert

scholarly journals Transfluthrin Spatial Repellent on US Military Materials Reduces Culex tarsalis Incursion in a Desert Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Britch ◽  
K. J. Linthicum ◽  
D. L. Kline ◽  
R. L. Aldridge ◽  
F. V. Golden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Culex Tarsalis ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Field Environment ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
Spatial Repellent ◽  
The Us ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Arid Desert

ABSTRACT Standard residual pesticides applied to US military materials such as camouflage netting can reduce mosquito biting pressure in the field but may contribute to the evolution of resistance. However, residual applications of a spatial repellent such as transfluthrin could allow mosquitoes the opportunity to escape, only inducing mortality if insects linger, for example after becoming trapped in a treated tent. In this study we investigated the capability of transfluthrin on 2 types of US military material to reduce natural populations of disease vector mosquitoes in a cool-arid desert field environment in southern California. We found that transfluthrin could reduce Culex tarsalis incursion into protected areas by up to 100% upon initial treatment and up to 45% for at least 16 days posttreatment, showing that this compound could be an effective element in the US Department of Defense integrated vector management system appropriate for further study.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document