scholarly journals Bio-Efficacy of Commercially Available Residual Insecticides for the Control of Aedes aegypti in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dzib-Florez ◽  
G. Ponce-García ◽  
A. Che-Mendoza ◽  
A. Medina-Barreiro ◽  
L. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Surface Type ◽  
Residual Efficacy ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Commercial aerosolized insecticides can be implemented as a community-based approach to targeted indoor residual spraying against Aedes aegypti, but their efficacy on pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes has not yet been evaluated. Two commercial aerosolized products (H24 Poder Fulminante Ultra Eficaz®, carbamate, and Baygon Ultra Verde®, pyrethroid) were sprayed on common indoor surfaces e.g., cement, plywood, and cloth, and tested for their residual efficacy on susceptible and field-derived pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti strains using the WHO cone bioassays. Overall, ≥80% 24-h mortality was observed for both products for at least 4 wk regardless of the mosquito strain or surface type used. H24 Poder Fulminante Ultra Eficaz showed the highest residual potency, sustaining >80% mortality for 7-wk posttreatment regardless of mosquito strain and surface type. For Baygon Ultra Verde, the mean mortality of female Ae. aegypti remained >80% for a shorter period (4–6 wk). Nonpyrethroid commercial aerosolized formulations can provide a lasting residual effect indoors compatible with the need for rapid and lasting mosquito control during outbreaks and may be suitable for community-based targeted indoor residual spraying.

scholarly journals Bioefficacy of Two Nonpyrethroid Insecticides for Targeted Indoor Residual Spraying Against Pyrethroid-Resistant Aedes aegypti

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Correa-Morales ◽  
Martin Riestra-Morales ◽  
Wilbert Bibiano-Marín ◽  
Felipe Dzul-Manzanilla ◽  
Luis Felipe Del Castillo-Centeno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
Residual Efficacy

ABSTRACT We evaluated the efficacy of bendiocarb (Ficam W® 80%) and pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic 300CS® 28.16%), applied to different surfaces potentially sprayable within houses during the application of a targeted indoor residual spraying (TIRS) against a field pyrethroid-resistant strain of Aedes aegypti. Bioassays with cones were performed on cement (walls), wood (doors), and textile (cloth) surfaces within typical houses in the Mexican city of Merida (n = 10). Optimal residual efficacy (>80% of mean mortality) of bendiocarb ranged from 3 months (cement) to 2 months (wood and textiles). Residual efficacy of pirimiphos-methyl ranged from 5 months (cement) to 2 months (wood and textiles). Both insecticides proved to be effective as adulticides against field Ae. aegypti and may be useful in mosquito control programs implementing TIRS with pyrethroid-resistant populations.

scholarly journals How long is long enough? Decreasing effects in Aedes aegypti larval mortality by plant extracts over time

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-345
Author(s):  
Gilberto Dinis Cozzer ◽  
Renan de Souza Rezende ◽  
Junir Antônio Lutinski ◽  
Walter Antônio Roman ◽  
Maria Assunta Busato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Human Intoxication ◽  
Short Time

Aedes aegypti has overcome all kinds of mosquito control attempts over the last century. Strategies for population control resorts to the use of synthetic insecticides, which can lead to problems like human intoxication and environmental contamination. The effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate), and Ilex theezans (caúna herb) extracts against A. aegypti larvae were evaluated. The bioassays were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions of temperature (27 ± 3°C) and photoperiod (12 h). Hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of I. theezans displayed better residual effect compared to the aqueous extract of I. paraguariensis fruits. The strongest residual effect of I. theezans was probably due to the presence of certain chemicals in its leaves, such as coumarins, hemolytic saponins, and cyanogenic glucosides, which were absent in I. paraguariensis. The results herein contributed to the prospection of natural insecticides and opened the possibility for subsequent studies on the use of plant extracts in field situations in a short-time scale.

scholarly journals FIELD COMPARISON OF AUTOCIDAL GRAVID OVITRAPS AND IN2CARE TRAPS AGAINST AEDES AEGYPTI IN DOWNTOWN SAINT AUGUSTINE, NORTHEASTERN FLORIDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Dena Autry
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Treated Area ◽  
Mosquito Trap ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment

Mosquito Control programs are utilizing cost-effective long term autocidal gravid traps because they minimize labor needs while targeting the gravid population of container-breeding mosquitoes. This field study compared the efficacy of the In2Care Mosquito Trap and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention autocidal gravid ovitrap (CDC-AGO). The study consisted of two control and two treatment sites, and each treatment site had either 100 In2Care Mosquito Traps or 100 CDC-AGOs. Aedes aegypti populations in each site were monitored using Biogent (BG) Sentinel 2 mosquito traps and ovitraps. Analysis of pre- and post-treatment data indicated no significant difference in adult mosquito populations detected by BG traps from either the In2Care or CDC-AGO sites. However, the mean number of eggs collected by ovitraps showed significant reduction in both trap type treated areas posttreatment, compared to pre-treatment. Furthermore, the mean number of egg collections from the In2Care mosquito trap treated area was much less than the collection from the CDC-AGO trap treated area post-treatment.

scholarly journals How long is long enough? Decreasing on plant extract lethal effects, over time, affecting Aedes aegypti larval mortality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Dinis Cozzer ◽  
Renan de Souza Rezende ◽  
Junir Antônio Lutinski ◽  
Walter Antônio Roman Junior ◽  
Maria Assunta Busato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe mosquito Aedes aegypti has overcome all kinds of human being mosquito control attempts over the last century. Strategies for vector population control resorts to the use of synthetic insecticides, which can lead to problems of intoxication in humans and environmental contamination. We evaluated the effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), Ilex paraguariensis (mate-herb) and Ilex theezans (caúna-herb) extracts against A. aegypti larvae mortality. The bioassays were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions of temperature (27±3°C) and photoperiod (12h). Hydroalcoholic I. theezans leaves extract displayed better residual effect compared to I. paraguariensis fruit aqueous extract. Variation in larval mortality was also observed in the exposure periods (low after a few weeks). Low mortality after a few weeks may mean increased the food for mosquito in a oppose effect over time. The residual effect of Bti was observed during the 56 days of the study duration (100% of mortality). The strongest residual effect of I. theezans was probably due to the presence of chemical on its leaves, such coumarins, hemolytic saponins and cyanogenic glucosides, absent in I. paraguariensis. On the other hand, alternative methods to vector control present risks in a long term scale by reversal of larvicide effect into food resource. Our results contributed to the prospection of natural insecticides and open the possibility for subsequent studies of the use of plant extracts in field situations in a short time scale.

scholarly journals An evaluation of repellency and feeding inhibition of ethno-medicinal plants against major malaria vectors in southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tekle Olbamo ◽  
Endashaw Esayas ◽  
Tizazu Gebre ◽  
Fekadu Massebo
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Plant-based mosquito control methods may use as a supplementary malaria vector control strategy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of smoking ethno-medicinal plants on indoor density and feeding activity of malaria vectors at early hours of the night and its residual effect after midnight in southern Ethiopia. Methods Both field and tent trials were conducted to evaluate the impact of smoking Juniperus procera leaves, Eucalyptus globulus seeds and Olea europaea leaves in Kolla Shara Village from July 2016 to February 2017. For the field trial, five grass-thatched traditional huts (three for ethno-medicinal plants and two as control [only charcoal smoking and non-charcoal smoking]) were used. Indoor host-seeking mosquitoes were collected by CDC light traps. A Latin square design was employed to minimize the bias due to the variation in house location and different sampling nights. For the tent experiment, 25 3–5-day-old starved wild female Anopheles mosquitoes reared from the larvae were released into the tents where a calf was tethered at the mid-point of each tent. Results A total of 614 Anopheles mosquitoes belonging to 5 species were collected from 5 huts, of which 93.4% was An. arabiensis; O. europaea, E. globulus and J. procera reduced the indoor density of An. arabiensis, with the mean percentage drop of 80%, 73% and 70%, respectively. In the tent trial, smoking of these plants had significant knockdown effects and inhibited feeding on the calves (F = 383.5, DF = 3, P < 0.01). The mean knockdown effect due to O. europaea was relatively high (17.7 ± 0.54; 95% CI 16.8–18.6), while it was only 0.9 ± 0.1 (95% CI 0.29–1.52) in the control tents. All the test plants used in the tent trial caused significantly inhibited feeding activity of An. arabiensis on the host (F = 383.5, DF = 3, P < 0.01). About 94.5%, 89.5% and 86% of mosquitoes were unfed because of the smoking effect of O. europaea, E. globulus and J. procera, respectively, whereas only 19.5% were unfed in the control tent. Conclusions Smoking ethno-medicinal plant materials reduced indoor density of malaria vectors and inhibited feeding on calves inside the tents. Thus, plant-based mosquito control methods may play a vital role in reducing mosquito bites in the early hours of the night and thereby reduce residual malaria transmission.

scholarly journals Laboratory strains of Aedes aegypti are Competent to Brazilian Zika virus

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luis Costa-da-Silva ◽  
Rafaella Sayuri Ioshino ◽  
Helena Rocha Corrêa Araújo ◽  
Bianca Burini Kojin ◽  
Paolo Marinho de Andrade Zanotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractSince the Zika outbreaks are unprecedented human threat in relation to congenital malformations and neurological/autoimmune complications as well as its high potential to spread in regions presenting the vectors, improvements in mosquito control is a top priority. Thus, Aedes aegypti laboratory strains will be fundamental to support studies in different research fields implicated on Zika-mosquito interactions which are the basis for the development of innovative control methods. In this sense, we determined the main infection aspects of the Brazilian Zika strain in reference Aedes aegypti laboratory mosquitoes.We orally exposed Rockefeller, Higgs and Rexville mosquitoes to a Brazilian ZIKV (ZIKVBR) and qRT-PCR was applied to determine the infection and dissemination rates, and viral levels in mosquito tissues as well as in the saliva. The ZIKVBR kinetics was monitored during the infection in Rockefeller mosquitoes. Rockefeller strain was the most susceptible at 7 days post-infection but all strains presented similar infection levels at 14 days post-infection. Although variations in the saliva detection rates were observed, we confirmed that ZIKVBR was present in saliva from Rockefeller, Higgs and Rexville females at detectable levels at 14 days post-infection. The ZIKVBR kinetics in Rockefeller mosquitoes showed that the virus could be detected in the heads at 4 days post-infection but was more consistently detected late in infection. The viral levels peaked at 11 days post-infection in the mosquito bodies, remaining stable until 14 days post-infection, in contrast to the heads, where the mean viral levels only peaked at 14 days post-infection.Our study presents the first evaluation on how Brazilian Zika virus behaves in reference Aedes aegypti strains and shed light on how the infection evolves over time. Vector competence and basic hallmarks of the ZIKVBR development were revealed in laboratory mosquitoes. This study provides additional information to accelerate studies focusing on ZIKV-mosquito interactions.

scholarly journals Efficacy of targeted indoor residual spraying with the pyrrole insecticide chlorfenapyr against pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. e0009822
Author(s):  
Azael Che-Mendoza ◽  
Gabriela González-Olvera ◽  
Anuar Medina-Barreiro ◽  
Carlos Arisqueta-Chablé ◽  
Wilberth Bibiano-Marin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Resting Sites ◽  
Additive Mixed Models ◽  
Residual Efficacy ◽  
Delayed Mortality

Background There is an increased need to mitigate the emergence of insecticide resistance and incorporate new formulations and modes of application to control the urban vector Aedes aegypti. Most research and development of insecticide formulations for the control of Ae. aegypti has focused on their peridomestic use as truck-mounted ULV-sprays or thermal fogs despite the widespread knowledge that most resting Ae. aegypti are found indoors. A recent modification of indoor residual spraying (IRS), termed targeted IRS (TIRS) works by restricting applications to 1.5 m down to the floor and on key Ae. aegypti resting sites (under furniture). TIRS also opens the possibility of evaluating novel residual insecticide formulations currently being developed for malaria IRS. Methods We evaluated the residual efficacy of chlorfenapyr, formulated as Sylando 240SC, for 12 months on free-flying field-derived pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti using a novel experimental house design in Merida, Mexico. On a monthly basis, 600 female Ae. aegypti were released into the houses and left indoors with access to sugar solution for 24 hours. After the exposure period, dead and alive mosquitoes were counted in houses treated with chlorfenapyr as well as untreated control houses to calculate 24-h mortality. An evaluation for these exposed cohorts of surviving mosquitoes was extended up to seven days under laboratory conditions to quantify “delayed mortality”. Results Mean acute (24-h) mortality of pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti ranged 80–97% over 5 months, dropping below 30% after 7 months post-TIRS. If delayed mortality was considered (quantifying mosquito mortality up to 7 days after exposure), residual efficacy was above 90% for up to 7 months post-TIRS application. Generalized Additive Mixed Models quantified a residual efficacy of chlorfenapyr of 225 days (ca. 7.5 months). Conclusions Chlorfenapyr represents a new option for TIRS control of Ae. aegypti in urban areas, providing a highly-effective time of protection against indoor Ae. aegypti females of up to 7 months.

scholarly journals Which indoor residual spraying insecticide best complements standard pyrethroid long-lasting insecticidal nets for improved control of pyrethroid resistant malaria vectors?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245804
Author(s):  
Thomas Syme ◽  
Augustin Fongnikin ◽  
Damien Todjinou ◽  
Renaud Govoetchan ◽  
Martial Gbegbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Vector Population ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
The Impact

Background Where resources are available, non-pyrethroid IRS can be deployed to complement standard pyrethroid LLINs with the aim of achieving improved vector control and managing insecticide resistance. The impact of the combination may however depend on the type of IRS insecticide deployed. Studies comparing combinations of pyrethroid LLINs with different types of non-pyrethroid IRS products will be necessary for decision making. Methods The efficacy of combining a standard pyrethroid LLIN (DuraNet®) with IRS insecticides from three chemical classes (bendiocarb, chlorfenapyr and pirimiphos-methyl CS) was evaluated in an experimental hut trial against wild pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Cové, Benin. The combinations were also compared to each intervention alone. WHO cylinder and CDC bottle bioassays were performed to assess susceptibility of the local An. gambiae s.l. vector population at the Cové hut site to insecticides used in the combinations. Results Susceptibility bioassays revealed that the vector population at Cové, was resistant to pyrethroids (<20% mortality) but susceptible to carbamates, chlorfenapyr and organophosphates (≥98% mortality). Mortality of wild free-flying pyrethroid resistant An. gambiae s.l. entering the hut with the untreated net control (4%) did not differ significantly from DuraNet® alone (8%, p = 0.169). Pirimiphos-methyl CS IRS induced the highest mortality both on its own (85%) and in combination with DuraNet® (81%). Mortality with the DuraNet® + chlorfenapyr IRS combination was significantly higher than each intervention alone (46% vs. 33% and 8%, p<0.05) demonstrating an additive effect. The DuraNet® + bendiocarb IRS combination induced significantly lower mortality compared to the other combinations (32%, p<0.05). Blood-feeding inhibition was very low with the IRS treatments alone (3–5%) but increased significantly when they were combined with DuraNet® (61% - 71%, p<0.05). Blood-feeding rates in the combinations were similar to the net alone. Adding bendiocarb IRS to DuraNet® induced significantly lower levels of mosquito feeding compared to adding chlorfenapyr IRS (28% vs. 37%, p = 0.015). Conclusions Adding non-pyrethroid IRS to standard pyrethroid-only LLINs against a pyrethroid-resistant vector population which is susceptible to the IRS insecticide, can provide higher levels of vector mosquito control compared to the pyrethroid net alone or IRS alone. Adding pirimiphos-methyl CS IRS may provide substantial improvements in vector control while adding chlorfenapyr IRS can demonstrate an additive effect relative to both interventions alone. Adding bendiocarb IRS may show limited enhancements in vector control owing to its short residual effect.

Pencarian Question-Answer Menggunakan Convolutional Neural Network Pada Topik Agama Berbahasa Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizqa Raaiqa Bintana ◽  
Chastine Fatichah ◽  
Diana Purwitasari
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Question Answering ◽  
Mean Average Precision ◽  
Average Precision ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Network Methods ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Index Terms ◽  
Search Information

Community-based question answering (CQA) is formed to help people who search information that they need through a community. One condition that may occurs in CQA is when people cannot obtain the information that they need, thus they will post a new question. This condition can cause CQA archive increased because of duplicated questions. Therefore, it becomes important problems to find semantically similar questions from CQA archive towards a new question. In this study, we use convolutional neural network methods for semantic modeling of sentence to obtain words that they represent the content of documents and new question. The result for the process of finding the same question semantically to a new question (query) from the question-answer documents archive using the convolutional neural network method, obtained the mean average precision value is 0,422. Whereas by using vector space model, as a comparison, obtained mean average precision value is 0,282. Index Terms—community-based question answering, convolutional neural network, question retrieval

scholarly journals Insecticide resistance status of malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) of southwest Burkina Faso and residual efficacy of indoor residual spraying with microencapsulated pirimiphos-methyl insecticide

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieudonné Diloma Soma ◽  
Barnabas Zogo ◽  
Domonbabele François de Sales Hien ◽  
Aristide Sawdetuo Hien ◽  
Didier Alexandre Kaboré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
Residual Efficacy

Abstract Background The rapid spread of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors and the rebound in malaria cases observed recently in some endemic areas underscore the urgent need to evaluate and deploy new effective control interventions. A randomized control trial (RCT) was conducted with the aim to investigate the benefit of deploying complementary strategies, including indoor residual spraying (IRS) with pirimiphos-methyl in addition to long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in Diébougou, southwest Burkina Faso. Methods We measured the susceptibility of the Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) population from Diébougou to conventional insecticides. We further monitored the efficacy and residual activity of pirimiphos-methyl on both cement and mud walls using a laboratory susceptible strain (Kisumu) and the local An. gambiae (s.l.) population. Results An. gambiae (s.l.) from Diébougou was resistant to DDT, pyrethroids (deltamethrin, permethrin and alphacypermethrin) and bendiocarb but showed susceptibility to organophosphates (pirimiphos-methyl and chlorpyrimiphos-methyl). A mixed-effect generalized linear model predicted that pirimiphos-methyl applied on cement or mud walls was effective for 210 days against the laboratory susceptible strain and 247 days against the local population. The residual efficacy of pirimiphos-methyl against the local population on walls made of mud was similar to that of cement (OR = 0.792, [0.55–1.12], Tukey’s test p-value = 0.19). Conclusions If data on malaria transmission and malaria cases (as measured trough the RCT) are consistent with data on residual activity of pirimiphos-methyl regardless of the type of wall, one round of IRS with pirimiphos-methyl would have the potential to control malaria in a context of multi-resistant An. gambiae (s.l.) for at least 7 months.

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