Afro-Brazilian Religions: Sycretism, Inculturation And A New Definition Of Mission

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josenildo T. FERREIRA
Keyword(s):  
1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan N. Baxter ◽  
Dante Lucchesi ◽  
Maximiliano Guimaraes

This paper examines variation in the noun phrase gender agreement rule in the Afro-Brazilian Portuguese dialect of Helvétia. The analysis of the variation proceeds within a quantitative framework; it considers structural implications, in generative terms, and sociolinguistic aspects, yielding evidence relevant to the definition of the postcreole nature of the dialect. Structural parallels are found with Portuguese L1 acquisition and with varieties of creole Portuguese, and the relationship of the Helvétia dialect to more standard varieties of Brazilian Portuguese is clarified. An evaluation of structural variables reveals how the gender agreement rule is being incorporated into the grammar of the dialect at different rates along different structural paths and in different pragmatic functions, reflecting intricacies of the grammar associated with the noun. Finally, a scrutiny of the effect of extralinguistic variables on gender agreement clearly reveals the acquisitional nature of the variation.


Author(s):  
Artenira Da Silva e Silva ◽  
Jorge Alberto Mendes Serejo

A INTOLERÂNCIA RELIGIOSA CONTRA AS RELIGIÕES AFRO-BRASILEIRAS E OS IMPACTOS JURÍDICOS DO CASO “EDIR MACEDO”  THE RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE AGAINST AFRO-BRAZILIAN RELIGIONS AND THE LEGAL IMPACTS OF THE “EDIR MACEDO CASE”  Artenira da Silva e Silva*Jorge Alberto Mendes Serejo**  RESUMO: O presente trabalho busca examinar os impactos do julgamento do caso “Edir Macedo”, julgado pelo Tribunal Regional Federal da 1ª Região, no campo jurídico brasileiro e na reafirmação de formas de intolerância religiosa praticadas pelo neopentecostalismo contra as religiões afro-brasileiras. Para tal, descreve um breve histórico da perseguição às religiões afro-brasileiras e conduz a uma reflexão sobre o subjetivismo dos julgadores diante da apreciação dos casos concretos como vetor do agravamento de desigualdades substancias. Utiliza-se a abordagem de avaliação qualitativa de um estudo de caso e como procedimento metodológico a análise documental de peças judiciais constante dos autos eletrônicos do sítio do Ministério Público Federal e Justiça Federal (petição inicial do MPF, decisão liminar da 4ª Vara Federal da Bahia e os votos da 6ª Turma do TRF-1), cuja escolha decorreu de sua importância para a definição do tema em debate. Adotou-se ainda como procedimento metodológico a revisão bibliográfica pertinente ao caso e a relativa ao histórico da intolerância praticada contra as religiões afro-brasileiras. Palavras-chave: “Caso Edir Macedo”. Intolerância Religiosa. Religiões afro-brasileiras.  ABSTRACT: This article aims to analyze the impact of the trail considering the “Edir Macedo case”, jugded by the Tribunal Regional Federal da 1ª Região, in the Brazilian juridical field and in the reinforcing forms of religious intolerance practiced by neo-pentecostalism against afro-brazilian religions. For that, it describes a brief history of the persecution of afro-brazilian religions and leads to a reflection about how the subjectivism of judges in the appreciation of concrete cases can be considered true paths  of the aggravation of inequalities among different religions practiced in Brazil. Methodologically it was used a qualitative approach of a case study. The main methodological  procedure used was the documentary analysis of judicial documents contained in the electronic files of the website of the Federal Public Prosecutor's Office and Federal Court (MPF's initial petition, preliminary injunction of the 4th Federal Court of Bahia and the votes of the 6th Panel Of TRF-1), which choices resulted from their importance for the definition of the case. It was also adopted as a methodological procedure a bibliographic review pertinent to the themes explored in the case study as well as one related to the history of intolerance practiced against  afro-brazilian religions. Keywords: “Edir Macedo Case”. Religious Intolerance. Afro-brazilian Religions.  SUMÁRIO: Introdução. 1 A Intolerância às Religiões Afro-brasileiros e a Redefinição do Campo Religioso. 1.1 A Redefinição do Campo Religioso no Brasil e a Religiofagia. 2 O Emblemático Caso “Edir Macedo”. 3 Solipsismo Judicial e Razões da (In)tolerância. 3.1 Solipsismo Judicial e Hipossuficiência Técnica da Decisão. 3.2 Casos Fáceis x Casos Difíceis: a não Correlação com o “Caso Ellwanger”. Conclusões. Referências. * Pós-doutora em Psicologia e Educação pela Universidade do Porto, Portugal. Doutora em Saúde Coletiva pela Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA). Mestre em Saúde e Ambiente pela Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA). Graduada em Psicologia pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUCSP). Docente e pesquisadora do Departamento de Saúde Pública e do Mestrado em Direito e Instituições do Sistema de Justiça da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA). Coordenadora de linha de pesquisa do Observatório Ibero Americano de Saúde e Cidadania e coordenadora do Observatorium de Segurança Pública (PPGDIR/UFMA/CECGP).** Mestrando do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito e Instituições do Sistema de Justiça da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA).


2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Magdalena Walczuk

The article aims to discuss the concept of black and/or Afro-Brazilian literature. It summarizes different approaches to the definition of Afro-Brazilian literature elaborated both by critics and its authors, taking in consideration the elements such as authorship, point of view, thematic content, language / aesthetic or target reader. Presenting briefly the presence (as object and subject) and the image of the black population in the Brazilian literary canon, the article discusses the way it has been deconstructed and transgressed by Afro-Brazilian authors.


1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
W. W. Morgan

1. The definition of “normal” stars in spectral classification changes with time; at the time of the publication of theYerkes Spectral Atlasthe term “normal” was applied to stars whose spectra could be fitted smoothly into a two-dimensional array. Thus, at that time, weak-lined spectra (RR Lyrae and HD 140283) would have been considered peculiar. At the present time we would tend to classify such spectra as “normal”—in a more complicated classification scheme which would have a parameter varying with metallic-line intensity within a specific spectral subdivision.


1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 21-26

An ideal definition of a reference coordinate system should meet the following general requirements:1. It should be as conceptually simple as possible, so its philosophy is well understood by the users.2. It should imply as few physical assumptions as possible. Wherever they are necessary, such assumptions should be of a very general character and, in particular, they should not be dependent upon astronomical and geophysical detailed theories.3. It should suggest a materialization that is dynamically stable and is accessible to observations with the required accuracy.


1979 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 125-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Allen

No paper of this nature should begin without a definition of symbiotic stars. It was Paul Merrill who, borrowing on his botanical background, coined the termsymbioticto describe apparently single stellar systems which combine the TiO absorption of M giants (temperature regime ≲ 3500 K) with He II emission (temperature regime ≳ 100,000 K). He and Milton Humason had in 1932 first drawn attention to three such stars: AX Per, CI Cyg and RW Hya. At the conclusion of the Mount Wilson Ha emission survey nearly a dozen had been identified, and Z And had become their type star. The numbers slowly grew, as much because the definition widened to include lower-excitation specimens as because new examples of the original type were found. In 1970 Wackerling listed 30; this was the last compendium of symbiotic stars published.


Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).


Author(s):  
W. A. Shannon ◽  
M. A. Matlib

Numerous studies have dealt with the cytochemical localization of cytochrome oxidase via cytochrome c. More recent studies have dealt with indicating initial foci of this reaction by altering incubation pH (1) or postosmication procedure (2,3). The following study is an attempt to locate such foci by altering membrane permeability. It is thought that such alterations within the limits of maintaining morphological integrity of the membranes will ease the entry of exogenous substrates resulting in a much quicker oxidation and subsequently a more precise definition of the oxidative reaction.The diaminobenzidine (DAB) method of Seligman et al. (4) was used. Minced pieces of rat liver were incubated for 1 hr following toluene treatment (5,6). Experimental variations consisted of incubating fixed or unfixed tissues treated with toluene and unfixed tissues treated with toluene and subsequently fixed.


Author(s):  
J. D. Hutchison

When the transmission electron microscope was commercially introduced a few years ago, it was heralded as one of the most significant aids to medical research of the century. It continues to occupy that niche; however, the scanning electron microscope is gaining rapidly in relative importance as it fills the gap between conventional optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.IBM Boulder is conducting three major programs in cooperation with the Colorado School of Medicine. These are the study of the mechanism of failure of the prosthetic heart valve, the study of the ultrastructure of lung tissue, and the definition of the function of the cilia of the ventricular ependyma of the brain.


Author(s):  
P. M. Lowrie ◽  
W. S. Tyler

The importance of examining stained 1 to 2μ plastic sections by light microscopy has long been recognized, both for increased definition of many histologic features and for selection of specimen samples to be used in ultrastructural studies. Selection of specimens with specific orien ation relative to anatomical structures becomes of critical importance in ultrastructural investigations of organs such as the lung. The uantity of blocks necessary to locate special areas of interest by random sampling is large, however, and the method is lacking in precision. Several methods have been described for selection of specific areas for electron microscopy using light microscopic evaluation of paraffin, epoxy-infiltrated, or epoxy-embedded large blocks from which thick sections were cut. Selected areas from these thick sections were subsequently removed and re-embedded or attached to blank precasted blocks and resectioned for transmission electron microscopy (TEM).


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