scholarly journals Water Quality at Supply Source and Point of Use in the Kathmandu Valley

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salina SHRESTHA ◽  
Sadhana S. MALLA ◽  
Yoko AIHARA ◽  
Naoki KONDO ◽  
Kei NISHIDA
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Point Of Use

Groundwater contamination assessment for sustainable water supply in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.R. Khatiwada ◽  
S. Takizawa ◽  
T.V.N. Tran ◽  
M. Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Contamination Assessment ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Deep Wells ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply ◽  
Iron Manganese

A study was carried out to assess the water quality situation of groundwater sources in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Groundwater has remained to be a major water supply source for a population of 1.5 million at present in the valley. The focus of this study was to evaluate the extent and sources of groundwater contamination. Water sampling was carried out in selected deep wells and shallow sources. The level of pollution was evaluated by comparing the water quality results with WHO guidelines. The major problems with the dug wells, hand pumps and spouts were found to be the elevated nitrate and mercury contents. The deep wells located on the central aquifer were found to have a serious threat of ammonia pollution. Deep wells were also found to have iron, manganese and mercury concentrations exceeding the guideline values. Multivariate statistical analysis was carried out to cluster the sampling sources and identify the common factors describing the potential sources and possible mechanisms associated with the contaminants. The results suggested that disintegration of the sediment organic matter under strong reducing environment leads to the origin of the unusual water qualities at the central confined aquifer. This process may be microbially mediated and occurs with the simultaneous reduction of species such as arsenic, iron, manganese and sulfate. Both natural and anthropogenic water quality problems were observed in the groundwater system of Kathmandu valley. Attention should be focused to consider distinct strategies to address these problems.

Microfluidic paper-based device integrated with smartphone for point-of-use colorimetric monitoring of water quality index

Measurement ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 108085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius Aparecido Oliani Pedro da Silva ◽  
Rafaela Cristina de Freitas ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Oliveira ◽  
Roger Cardoso Moreira ◽  
Luiz Humberto Marcolino-Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Point Of Use

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Bacteriological Water Analysis of Bagmati and Bishnumati River

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Shah ◽  
Shashi Bhushan Chaturwedi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Bagmati River

 Water pollution, one of the serious environmental issues of the world, results from contaminants being introduced into the natural environment. This study was conducted in the Microbiology laboratory, DAV College, Dhobighat, Lalitpur, Nepal from January to May 2018 with aims to assess the physicochemical and microbiological status of river water of Kathmandu valley. All together 60 water samples were collected, 20 water samples each from different places of Bagmati river, Bishnumati river and river junction (Teku Dovan). The physicochemical parameters including pH, ammonia and iron, hardness and alkalinity were analyzed by standard methods and the microbiological parameters such as total mesophilic count and total coliform count were analyzed by pour plate technique. Among all 60 water samples tested, the temperature (12.8°C), BOD value (3.11 mg/l), iron value (0.87 mg/l) and turbidity (102.2NTU) were found to be highest in Bagmati river water samples whereas the value of TSS (755.2 mg/l), TDS (748.4 mg/l), copper (0.01 mg/l) and COD (911.5 PPM) were found to be highest in water of Bishnumati river. The heavy meals Manganese (0.29 mg/l) and Nickel (0.01 mg/l) were detected only in Bishnumati river water samples. The river junction water samples showed the exceeded value of DO (9.56 mg/l) and chloride (0.12 mg/l). All the 60 samples showed total mesophilic counts more than 300 cfu/ml and the average number of total mesophilic counts were found to be 5.21×106 cfu/ml. The average number of total coliform counts were found to be 2.1×105 cfu/ml in the water samples of Bagmati river, Bishnumati river and river junction. Most of the tested parameter of the samples had more than the standard value of water quality indicating the deterioration of river water quality and thus may affect the aquatic as well as human and animal lives.

scholarly journals A Multidisciplinary Approach for Evaluating Spatial and Temporal Variations in Water Quality

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viet Thang Le ◽  
Nguyen Hong Quan ◽  
Ho Huu Loc ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thanh Duyen ◽  
Tran Duc Dung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variations ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Techniques

The primary goal of this study is to investigate the classification capability of several artificial intelligence techniques, including the decision tree (DT), multilayer perceptron (MLP) network, Naïve Bayes, radial basis function (RBF) network, and support vector machine (SVM) for evaluating spatial and temporal variations in water quality. The application case is the Song Quao-Ca Giang (SQ-CG) water system, a main domestic water supply source of the city of Phan Thiet in Binh Thuan province, Vietnam. To evaluate the water quality condition of the source, the government agency has initiated an extensive sampling project, collecting samples from 43 locations covering the SQ reservoir, the main canals, and the surrounding areas during 2015–2016. Different classifying models based on artificial intelligence techniques were developed to analyze the sampling data after the performances of the models were evaluated and compared using the confusion matrix, accuracy rate, and several error indexes. The results show that machine-learning techniques can be used to explicitly evaluate spatial and temporal variations in water quality.

scholarly journals Longitudinal study of microbial load of drinking water and seasonal variation of water quality at the point of use in food establishments of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-978
Author(s):  
Aderajew Mekonnen Girmay ◽  
Sirak Robele Gari ◽  
Azage Gebreyohannes Gebremariam ◽  
Bezatu Mengistie Alemu ◽  
Martin R. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Point Of Use

Abstract The study aimed to determine the status of microbial load of drinking water and seasonal variation of water quality. An institution-based longitudinal study was conducted. 1,141 food establishments were divided into slum and non-slum areas based on their location. Moreover, they were categorized as large and small food establishments. Then, 125 food outlets were selected using a simple random sampling technique. From the selected food outlets, 250 drinking water samples were collected directly from the drinking water storage in the rainy and the dry seasons. Data analysis was conducted using a repeated-measure ANOVA statistical model. The finding indicated that, 26.4% and 10.7% of the food establishments' drinking water was positive for Escherichia coli in the wet and the dry season, respectively. Moreover, 3.2% and 1.6% of the food establishments' drinking water had very high health risk to customers during the wet and the dry season, respectively. The drinking water at the point of use was found to be vulnerable to microbiological contamination and had a serious health risk. Therefore, good sanitation and proper handling of drinking water, and effective drinking water treatment, such as disinfection and filtration, should be practiced in all food establishments.

scholarly journals Fieldwork-based determination of design priorities for point-of-use drinking water quality sensors for use in resource-limited environments

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0228140
Author(s):  
Michael S. Bono ◽  
Sydney Beasley ◽  
Emily Hanhauser ◽  
A. John Hart ◽  
Rohit Karnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Water Quality Sensors

Domestic Rainwater Harvesting: Microbial and Chemical Water Quality and Point-of-Use Treatment Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 224 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. de Kwaadsteniet ◽  
P. H. Dobrowsky ◽  
A. van Deventer ◽  
W. Khan ◽  
T. E. Cloete
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Chemical Water
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document