scholarly journals Application of Hydrothermal Reaction to Biodegradability Improvement of Refractory Pollutants: Structural Conversion of Di- and Trichloroacetic Acid to Biodegradable Products

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoungrean KIM ◽  
Masafumi FUJITA ◽  
Hiroyuki DAIMON ◽  
Koichi FUJIE
Keyword(s):  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Structural Conversion ◽  
Biodegradability Improvement

Control of refractory pollutants as useful resources by hydrothermal reaction coupled with biological treatment methods

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kim ◽  
M. Fujita ◽  
H. Daimon ◽  
K. Fujie
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Excess Sludge ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Structural Conversion ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Chloroacetic Acids ◽  
The Moment

Relationship between structural conversion of refractory pollutants and their biodegradability improvement was clarified under various hydrothermal conditions to know the usability of treated refractory pollutants in biological treatment methods. Hydrothermal reaction was also verified by using real wastewater. High-molecular-weight structured poly vinyl alcohol and hydrocarbon structured chloroacetic acids were partially fractured by hydrolysis and dehydration at the beginning of hydrothermal reaction. Then partially fractured refractory pollutants were rapidly converted to easily degradable substances by thermal decomposition depending on hydrothermal conditions. This significant change occurred within 3 min from the moment reaching the desired conditions at 350 and 400oC. These results were very similar to the results of soybean milk, except dyeing wastewater involving aromatic compounds. Excess sludge treated by hydrothermal reaction was also converted to easily degradable substrate as carbon sources in a bioreactor. Hydrothermal reaction should be adjusted to increase the amount of biodegradable products in reactants, without much reduction of total organic carbon. The content change of refractory pollutants and excess sludge by hydrothermal reaction was the most important factor on the viewpoint of treated reactant reuse, for the following biological treatment methods.

STUDIES ON THYROIDAL COLLOID PINOCYTOSIS USING A DOUBLE ISOTOPE TECHNIQUE

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario A. Pisarev ◽  
Noe Altschuler ◽  
Leslie J. DeGroot
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Isotope Technique ◽  
Double Isotope

ABSTRACT The process of secretion of the thyroid hormone involves several steps: pinocytosis of thyroglobulin, fusion of the colloid droplets with the lysosomes, digestion of thyroglobulin by a cathepsin, dehalogenation of tyrosines and release of thyronines into the blood stream. The present paper describes a double isotope technique for studying the first two steps. Thyrotrophin (TSH) administration to rats increased the radioactivity present in all fractions, specially in the 15 000 × g pellet. When the subcellular distribution of acid phosphatase was determined, the highest specific activity was found in this fraction, thus indicating the presence of lysosomes. The content of radioactive materials in the 15 000 × g pellet was analyzed by trichloroacetic acid precipitation and by ascending paper chromatography using n-butanol:ethanol:ammonium hydroxide (5:1:2;v/v) as solvent system. The results obtained showed that 90% of the radioactivity was protein bound and strongly suggest that this material is thyroglobulin.

Hydrothermal Reaction of Dehydrated Laumontite

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-358
Author(s):  
Ryoiti Kiriyama ◽  
Mitsue Koizumi ◽  
Katsuhisa Yamada ◽  
Rikusaburo Kitagaki
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Reaction

scholarly journals Thermoelectric Generator Using Polyaniline-Coated Sb2Se3/β-Cu2Se Flexible Thermoelectric Films

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1518
Author(s):  
Minsu Kim ◽  
Dabin Park ◽  
Jooheon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermoelectric Generator ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Pani Film ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
X Ray

Herein, Sb2Se3 and β-Cu2Se nanowires are synthesized via hydrothermal reaction and water evaporation-induced self-assembly methods, respectively. The successful syntheses and morphologies of the Sb2Se3 and β-Cu2Se nanowires are confirmed via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM). Sb2Se3 materials have low electrical conductivity which limits application to the thermoelectric generator. To improve the electrical conductivity of the Sb2Se3 and β-Cu2Se nanowires, polyaniline (PANI) is coated onto the surface and confirmed via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), FE-TEM, and XPS analysis. After coating PANI, the electrical conductivities of Sb2Se3/β-Cu2Se/PANI composites were increased. The thermoelectric performance of the flexible Sb2Se3/β-Cu2Se/PANI films is then measured, and the 70%-Sb2Se3/30%-β-Cu2Se/PANI film is shown to provide the highest power factor of 181.61 μW/m·K2 at 473 K. In addition, a thermoelectric generator consisting of five legs of the 70%-Sb2Se3/30%-β-Cu2Se/PANI film is constructed and shown to provide an open-circuit voltage of 7.9 mV and an output power of 80.1 nW at ΔT = 30 K. This study demonstrates that the combination of inorganic thermoelectric materials and flexible polymers can generate power in wearable or portable devices.

Influence of hydrothermal reaction time on the supercapacitor performance of Ni-MOF nanostructures

2021 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Manikandan ◽  
K. P. Cai ◽  
Y. D. Hu ◽  
C. L. Li ◽  
J. T. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Supercapacitor Performance ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction Time
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