scholarly journals On-Site Purification of Nitrate-Polluted Groundwater Using Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR) System and Granule-Type Denitrification System

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 361-367
Author(s):  
Yoshiteru BABA ◽  
Hiroshi MATSUO ◽  
Yuko ISHIBASHI ◽  
Yoshitaka NAGAFUCHI ◽  
Yoko TAKAHASHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granule Type

Operation of a nitrite-type airlift reactor at low DO concentration

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tokutomi
Keyword(s):  
Granule Size ◽  
Oxygen Limitation ◽  
Airlift Reactor ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Granule Formation ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
Granule Type ◽  
Do Concentration ◽  
Low Do

Laboratory scale experiments were performed to evaluate the feasibility and potential of nitrite-type nitrification process with an airlift reactor having aerobic granular biomass. Oxygen limitation was selected as the main control parameter for inhibiting the growth of nitrite oxidizer and thus achieving only nitritation. To enhance granule formation, seeding of methanogenic anaerobic granules was used to serve as an initial carrier material. After 90 days of operation at low DO concentration of less than 1.0 mg/l, the maximum nitrite conversion rate of 2.6 g NO2-N/L/d could be achieved. During the continuing year-long stable operation, the granular mass of nitritation granules increased to about 15 g VSS/L with an average granule size of 0.7 mm. Nitrate-N concentration was observed to be below 10 mg/L during the whole operational period. From the results of the experiments, it is concluded that a granule-type airlift reactor with DO control is feasible for achieving stable nitritation.

Identification of Irradiated Granule-Type Ramen Soup Powder by Pulsed Photostimulated Luminescence and Thermoluminescence during Storage

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Duk Yi ◽  
Jae-Seung Yang ◽  
Dong-Woo Kim ◽  
Doo-Ho Shin ◽  
Gab-Yeon Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photostimulated Luminescence ◽  
Granule Type

scholarly journals Increased accuracy of starch granule type quantification using mixture distributions

Plant Methods ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Tanaka ◽  
Jean-Phillippe F. Ral ◽  
Sean Li ◽  
Raj Gaire ◽  
Colin R. Cavanagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starch Granule ◽  
Mixture Distributions ◽  
Granule Type

scholarly journals Polyphenols differentially inhibit degranulation of distinct subsets of vesicles in mast cells by specific interaction with granule-type-dependent SNARE complexes

2013 ◽  
Vol 450 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoosoo Yang ◽  
Jung-Mi Oh ◽  
Paul Heo ◽  
Jae Yoon Shin ◽  
Byoungjae Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Protein Receptor ◽  
Numerous Cell ◽  
Syntaxin 4 ◽  
Granule Type

Anti-allergic effects of dietary polyphenols were extensively studied in numerous allergic disease models, but the molecular mechanisms of anti-allergic effects by polyphenols remain poorly understood. In the present study, we show that the release of granular cargo molecules, contained in distinct subsets of granules of mast cells, is specifically mediated by two sets of SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins, and that various polyphenols differentially inhibit the formation of those SNARE complexes. Expression analysis of RBL-2H3 cells for 11 SNARE genes and a lipid mixing assay of 24 possible combinations of reconstituted SNAREs indicated that the only two active SNARE complexes involved in mast cell degranulation are Syn (syntaxin) 4/SNAP (23 kDa synaptosome-associated protein)-23/VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein) 2 and Syn4/SNAP-23/VAMP8. Various polyphenols selectively or commonly interfered with ternary complex formation of these two SNARE complexes, thereby stopping membrane fusion between granules and plasma membrane. This led to the differential effect of polyphenols on degranulation of three distinct subsets of granules. These results suggest the possibility that formation of a variety of SNARE complexes in numerous cell types is controlled by polyphenols which, in turn, might regulate corresponding membrane trafficking.

Short-term recovery of Bradyrhizobium japonicum during an inoculation process using mineral microgranules

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Fouilleux ◽  
Cécile Revellin ◽  
Gérard Catroux
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Retention Characteristics ◽  
Granule Type ◽  
Commercial Inoculants

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) can be inoculated by delivering inoculant mixed with mineral microgranules to the seedbed. An average decline of 0.61 log units in the number of viable Bradyrhizobium japonicum was found during the 1sth, using available commercial inoculants and granules. These losses were shown to be influenced by inoculant type (peat based, liquid, lyophilized) and granule type. When mixed with granules, a peat-based inoculant was found to be desiccated immediately and subjected to a water potential as low as −170 MPa. Bradyrhizobium japonicum recovery was improved when the moisture content of the granules increased. It was concluded that water suction by granules can subject the bacteria to rapid desiccation and significantly decrease their number. Thus, the nature of inoculant and granular material and their relative water retention characteristics must be taken into account to improve the efficiency of this inoculation process.Key words: Bradyrhizobium japonicum, granular inoculant, inoculation, soybean, survival.

scholarly journals A member of the eukaryotic subtilisin family (PC3) has the enzymic properties of the type 1 proinsulin-converting endopeptidase

1992 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Bailyes ◽  
K I J Shennan ◽  
A J Seal ◽  
S P Smeekens ◽  
D F Steiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Human Proinsulin ◽  
Endopeptidase Activity ◽  
Mammalian Homologue ◽  
Granule Type ◽  
Insulin Granule

PC3, a mammalian homologue of the yeast subtilisin-like proteinase Kex2, was expressed in Xenopus oocytes and its activity was characterized. PC3 cleaved human proinsulin at one of the two dibasic sites (KTRR32 but not LQKR65). The specificity, inhibitor profile, pH optimum (5.5) and Ca(2+)-dependence (K0.5 = 2.5-3 mM) paralleled those of the insulin-granule type 1 endopeptidase activity, suggesting a role for PC3 in the conversion of prohormones.

scholarly journals Abnormal distribution of complex carbohydrates in neutrophils of a patient with lactoferrin deficiency

Blood ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
RT Parmley ◽  
DY Tzeng ◽  
RL Baehner ◽  
LA Boxer
Keyword(s):  
Staining Method ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Cell Aggregation ◽  
Normal Numbers ◽  
Abnormal Distribution ◽  
Granule Type ◽  
Complex Carbohydrates ◽  
Primary Granules ◽  
Nuclear Segmentation ◽  
Primary Granule

Previous studies have identified patients with susceptibility to bacterial infection associated with lactoferrin deficiency in dysmorphic neutrophils containing abnormal or no secondary granules and abnormal nuclear segmentation. We have investigated the subcellular distribution of vicinal glycol-containing complex carbohydrates in marrow and blood myeloid cells of such a patient using the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) staining method and have examined the response of these neutrophils to the degranulating agents N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). As in normal specimens, immature primary granules were strongly PA-TCH-SP reactive; however, unlike normal specimens, masking of PA-TCH-SP reactivity did not occur in mature primary granules. Endoplasmic reticulum demonstrated moderately strong PA-TCH-SP staining, in contrast to absent staining of this organelle in normal promyelocytes and consistent with abnormal primary granule genesis. Small abnormal elongated granules (0.1–0.2 micron in diameter) were identified at the myelocyte state of development and were the predominant granule type in late neutrophils. These granules were identified as secondary granules on the basis of their PA-TCH-SP positivity and were differentiated from primary and tertiary granules on the basis of a lack of peroxidase, acid phosphatase, and sulfate staining. When the neutrophils were exposed to PMA, cell aggregation occurred, and the abnormal granules degranulated in a manner similar to the degranulation observed with normal secondary granules. Although PA- TCH-SP staining of the plasma membrane appeared normal, a decrease in FMLP receptors was demonstrated. Thus, a defect(s) is present in complex carbohydrate distribution and staining that involves primary and secondary granules and possibly the plasmalemma of neutrophils from this patient. This results in abnormal packaging of primary granules and synthesis of normal numbers of secondary granules that are qualitatively and morphologically abnormal, but can be recruited to degranulate with PMA.

Cultivar and environmental effects on quality characters in wheat. I. Starch

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Panozzo ◽  
H. A. Eagles
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Hardness ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Granule Type ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Days After Anthesis

The composition of starch in wheat is an important determinant of grain quality, especially for white-salted noodles. Starch consists of 2 types of polymer, amylose and amylopectin, and occurs in predominantly larger A-type and smaller B-type granules. High starch pasting peak viscosity is desirable for white-salted noodles, and is influenced by the waxy genes coding for granule-bound-starch synthase (GBSS), which are involved in the synthesis of amylose. To study cultivar and environmental effects on the proportion of A-type granules, the proportion of amylose in starch, starch pasting peak viscosity, and grain hardness, 7 cultivars were grown in 15 environments which differed for temperature during grain filling. These cultivars varied in grain hardness classification and for the presence of GBSS coded by the Wx-B1 locus. Cultivars null for Wx-B1 GBSS had higher pasting viscosity than those with Wx-B1 GBSS, verifying the null requirement for cultivars suitable for white-salted noodles. However, the relationship between amylose concentration and pasting viscosity was complex, indicating that Wx-B1 influences pasting viscosity beyond its influence on the proportion of amylose and amylopectin. Environments with a high level of accumulated temperatures above 30ºC during the first 14 days after anthesis produced grain with a high proportion of A-type granules, even when irrigated. The proportion of amylose also increased with increasing accumulation of temperatures above 30ºC during the first 14 days, but was not influenced by temperature to the same extent as granule type. Environmental variation in pasting peak viscosity was large, but not related to high temperature. The hardness of grain was related to accumulated temperatures above 30ºC during the second 14 days after anthesis, with the increase in hardness much greater in soft-grained than hard-grained cultivars.

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