Cultivar and environmental effects on quality characters in wheat. I. Starch

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Panozzo ◽  
H. A. Eagles
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Hardness ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Granule Type ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Days After Anthesis

The composition of starch in wheat is an important determinant of grain quality, especially for white-salted noodles. Starch consists of 2 types of polymer, amylose and amylopectin, and occurs in predominantly larger A-type and smaller B-type granules. High starch pasting peak viscosity is desirable for white-salted noodles, and is influenced by the waxy genes coding for granule-bound-starch synthase (GBSS), which are involved in the synthesis of amylose. To study cultivar and environmental effects on the proportion of A-type granules, the proportion of amylose in starch, starch pasting peak viscosity, and grain hardness, 7 cultivars were grown in 15 environments which differed for temperature during grain filling. These cultivars varied in grain hardness classification and for the presence of GBSS coded by the Wx-B1 locus. Cultivars null for Wx-B1 GBSS had higher pasting viscosity than those with Wx-B1 GBSS, verifying the null requirement for cultivars suitable for white-salted noodles. However, the relationship between amylose concentration and pasting viscosity was complex, indicating that Wx-B1 influences pasting viscosity beyond its influence on the proportion of amylose and amylopectin. Environments with a high level of accumulated temperatures above 30ºC during the first 14 days after anthesis produced grain with a high proportion of A-type granules, even when irrigated. The proportion of amylose also increased with increasing accumulation of temperatures above 30ºC during the first 14 days, but was not influenced by temperature to the same extent as granule type. Environmental variation in pasting peak viscosity was large, but not related to high temperature. The hardness of grain was related to accumulated temperatures above 30ºC during the second 14 days after anthesis, with the increase in hardness much greater in soft-grained than hard-grained cultivars.

Effects of timing of heat stress and drought on growth and quality of barley grains

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana Savin ◽  
Marc E. Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Barley Grains ◽  
Nitrogen Percentage ◽  
Days After Anthesis

In order to determine the importance of timing of short periods of high temperature and drought on grain weight and grain quality, a glasshouse experiment was carried out in which Schooner barley was exposed to short periods of heat stress (40˚C for 6 h/day for 5 consecutive days) or drought at early grain filling (10–15 days after anthesis, DAA), mid grain filling (20–25 DAA), or late grain filling (30–35 DAA). Individual grain weight was most sensitive to heat stress and drought treatments imposed early in grain filling and was less sensitive to later treatments. The reduction in grain weight was greater under heat stress (average 13%) than under drought in this study (average 6%). Starch was reduced in amount and quality, especially with early stresses during grain filling, but grain nitrogen percentage was similar between treatments.

scholarly journals Analysis of Shooting Consistency in Archers: A Dynamic Time Warping Algorithm-Based Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Cheng-Hao Quan ◽  
Zia Mohy-Ud-Din ◽  
Sangmin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Time Warping ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Small Distance ◽  
Elementary Level ◽  
Time Warping ◽  
Acceleration Data ◽  
Dynamic Time ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Inertia Sensor

The shooting consistency of an archer is commonly perceived to be an important determinant of successful scores. Four (n=4) elementary level archers from a middle school in Korea participated in this study. In order to quantify shooting consistency, movement of the bow forearm was measured with an inertia sensor during archery shooting. The shooting consistency was calculated and defined by the dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm as the distance between two time sequences of acceleration data. Small distance values indicate that the archer has maintained high-level shooting consistency while archery shooting repetitively. To verify the shooting consistency metric, the relationship between scores and shooting consistency is evaluated. The results show that the higher the scores achieved by the archer, the higher is the level of shooting consistency demonstrated.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FOREIGN LANGUAGE ENJOYMENT AND GENDER AMONG SECONDARY GRAMMAR SCHOOL STUDENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-135
Author(s):  
Ewelina Mierzwa
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Grammar School ◽  
School Students ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

In the context of second language acquisition, foreign language enjoyment (FLE) is a relatively new concept. For that reason, none of the few research carried out in the field thus far has been focused on whether gender might be an important determinant of either a high or a low level of FLE. Thus, the purpose of the present paper was to examine the influence of FLE on learning English as a foreign language, as well as to investigate this relationship from the perspective of gender. The results of this study revealed that there are no statistically significant differences between males and females in FLE, while such differences are found in terms of the sources of FLE each gender perceives as the most crucial ones. It has been proved that FLE increases with the level of students’ proficiency, and a high level of FLE results in students’ greater academic achievement.

Academic motivation and professional skills development in the Specialty of Social Sciences and Tourism at a public university [Motivación académica y desarrollo de competencias profesionales en la Especialidad de Ciencias Sociales y Turismo de una universidad pública]

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Ana Cecilia De Paz Lazaro ◽  
Jessica Luz Palomino Collantes
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
Public University ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Professional Skills ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Competencias Profesionales ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the research is to determine the relationship between academic motivation and the professional skills development in the specialty of Social Sciences and Tourism. The study is quantitative and the design is non-experimental correlational translational. The results indicate that there is a high level relationship (0.914) between the independent academic motivation variable and the professional competences development in the Specialty of Social Sciences and Tourism. In conclusion, motivation is directly related to the professional skills development in the specialty of Social Sciences and Tourism. The research results conclude that there is a high relationship between the variables.

Barriers of physical activity (kinesiophobia) in patients subjected to cardiac rehabilitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Kocjan ◽  
Andrzej Knapik
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackground: Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a process designed to restore full physical, psychological and social activity and to reduce cardiovascular risk factors. Fear of movement may contribute to the occurrence and intensification of hypokinesia, and consequently affect the effectiveness of therapy. The aim of the study was to determine the level of barriers of physical activity in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation. The relationship between selected determinants (age and health selfassessment) and the kinesiophobia level were also examined.Material/Methods: 115 people aged 40-84 years were examined: 50 females (x = 63.46; SD = 11.19) and 65 males (x = 64.65; SD = 10.59) - patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation at the Upper-Silesian Medical Centre in Katowice. In the present study, the Polish version of questionnaires: Kinesiophobia Causes Scale (KCS) and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were used. Questionnaires were supplemented by authors’ short survey.Results: The patients presented an elevated level of kinesiophobia, both in general as well as in individual components. In women, the kinesiophobia level was higher than in men. The psychological domain was a greater barrier of physical activity than the biological one. Strong, negative correlations of psychological and biological domains of kinesiophobia to physical functioning (SF-36) were noted in women. In the case of men, correlations were weaker, but also statistically significant.Conclusions: 1. Sex differentiates patients in their kinesiophobia level 2. Poor self-assessment of health is associated with a greater intensification of kinesiophobia 3. A high level of kinesiophobia may negatively affect cardiac rehabilitation process

Investigation of Online Learning Satisfaction During COVID 19: In Relation to Academic Achievement

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Basith ◽  
Rosmaiyadi Rosmaiyadi ◽  
Susan Neni Triani ◽  
Fitri Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Student Academic Achievement ◽  
Learning Satisfaction ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this research is; 1) investigating the level of online learning satisfaction among students during COVID 19; 2) analyzing the influence of differences in gender, years of study, major in determining online learning satisfaction among students during COVID 19; 3) to analyze the relationship between online learning satisfaction and student academic achievement during COVID 19. The population was 656 students at STKIP Singkawang, and then a sample of 357 students (87 males and 270 females) was taken using a simple random sampling technique. The instrument in this study was adapted from Aman's Satisfaction instrument, which was then used to collect research data. Data analysis using SPSS with descriptive statistical techniques, MANOVA, and correlation. The results showed that online learning satisfaction was at a high level, meaning that students were satisfied with the online learning that had been implemented. The major differences have a significant effect on determining online learning satisfaction. Intercorrelation shows that there is a significant relationship on each indicator of online learning satisfaction with academic achievement, meaning that the higher the satisfaction felt by students in online learning, the student's academic achievement will increase.

CHALLENGES OF INTERPRETATION OF GENETIC TEST RESULTS ON THE EXAMPLE OF STUDY OF ENDURANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Elmira Shamsuvaleeva ◽  
Anastasiya Nevmyvaka ◽  
Andrey Nazarenko
Keyword(s):  
Sport Activity ◽  
Computerized Testing ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Sport Training ◽  
Genetic Test Results ◽  
High Level ◽  
Biomedical Education ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the research is to study the possibility of predicting the development of aerobic endurance of athletes through a comparative analysis of the outcomes of genetic and computerized testing. Methods and organization of the research. In our research, we used scientific and methodological literature, as well as the outcomes of competitive activity and genetic analysis of a particular athlete. The total number of survey respondents was 158 people including athletes (n = 85) and coaches (n = 73). Results and discussion. Some authors find the relationship between the ability to develop and manifest endurance and the presence of the appropriate alleles of genes: ACE I, ACNT X, ACNT3 (RX, XX), ADRA2A, AMPDI C, PGC1A Gly, NFATC4, UCP2. Most studies reveal the relationship between the ACE gene and endurance supported by the I allele. Genetic foresight of the possibility of developing aerobic endurance of athletes can become the framework for the application of an individual approach in sport training, and contribute to the development of techniques aimed at the refinement of physical qualities. The modern approach to the coaching and competitive activities of athletes should include both genetic and functional studies of the human body. Conclusion. Sport forecast cannot be based solely on genetic testing results. The presence of polymorphisms in one or more genes associated with sport activity is the platform for good performance in a particular sport, but the actual manifestation of genetic predisposition depends on many factors. These factors include nutrition, daily routine and competent organization of the training process, which requires a high level of theoretical and practical competency of coaches in the field of biomedical education.

scholarly journals Quinoa for the Brazilian Cerrado: Agronomic Characteristics of Elite Genotypes under Different Water Regimes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1591
Author(s):  
Patrícia Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Walter Quadros Ribeiro Junior ◽  
Maria Lucrecia Gerosa Ramos ◽  
Sonia Maria Costa Celestino ◽  
Alberto do Nascimento Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Relationship

Quinoa stands out as an excellent crop in the Cerrado region for cultivation in the off-season or irrigated winter season. Here, we tested the effects of different water regimes on the agronomic characteristics, physiology, and grain quality of different elite quinoa genotypes under field conditions. The experiment was conducted under field conditions at Embrapa Cerrados (Planaltina, DF, Brazil). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a split-plot scheme, with four replications. The plots were composed of 18 quinoa genotypes and modified BRS Piabiru (the currently used genotype), and the split-plots were divided into 4 different water regimes. The following variables were evaluated: productivity and productivity per unit of applied water (PUAA), plant height, flavonoids, anthocyanins, gas exchange, chlorophyll, leaf proline, and relative water content. Our results showed that water regimes between 309 and 389 mm can be recommended for quinoa in the Cerrado region. CPAC6 and CPAC13 presented the highest yield and PUAA under high and intermediate WRs, and hence were the most suitable for winter growth under irrigation. CPAC17 is most suitable for off-season growth under rainfed conditions, as it presented the highest PUAA under the low WRs (247 and 150). CPAC9 stood out in terms of accumulation of flavonoids and anthocyanins in all WRs. Physiological analyses revealed different responses of the genotypes to water restriction, together with symptoms of stress under lower water regimes. Our study reinforces the importance of detailed analyses of the relationship between productivity, physiology, and water use when choosing genotypes for planting and harvest in different seasons.

scholarly journals The relationship between time to a high COVID-19 response level and timing of peak daily incidence: an analysis of governments’ Stringency Index from 148 countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ma ◽  
Shiva Raj Mishra ◽  
Xi-Kun Han ◽  
Dong-Shan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Peak Number ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Early Arrival ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The transmission dynamics and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is different across countries or regions. Differences in governments’ policy responses may explain some of these differences. We aimed to compare worldwide government responses to the spread of COVID-19, to examine the relationship between response level, response timing and the epidemic trajectory. Methods Free publicly-accessible data collected by the Coronavirus Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) were used. Nine sub-indicators reflecting government response from 148 countries were collected systematically from January 1 to May 1, 2020. The sub-indicators were scored and were aggregated into a common Stringency Index (SI, a value between 0 and 100) that reflects the overall stringency of the government’s response in a daily basis. Group-based trajectory modelling method was used to identify trajectories of SI. Multivariable linear regression models were used to analyse the association between time to reach a high-level SI and time to the peak number of daily new cases. Results Our results identified four trajectories of response in the spread of COVID-19 based on when the response was initiated: before January 13, from January 13 to February 12, from February 12 to March 11, and the last stage—from March 11 (the day WHO declared a pandemic of COVID-19) on going. Governments’ responses were upgraded with further spread of COVID-19 but varied substantially across countries. After the adjustment of SI level, geographical region and initiation stages, each day earlier to a high SI level (SI > 80) from the start of response was associated with 0.44 (standard error: 0.08, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.65) days earlier to the peak number of daily new case. Also, each day earlier to a high SI level from the date of first reported case was associated with 0.65 (standard error: 0.08, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.42) days earlier to the peak number of daily new case. Conclusions Early start of a high-level response to COVID-19 is associated with early arrival of the peak number of daily new cases. This may help to reduce the delays in flattening the epidemic curve to the low spread level. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Report on the 18th International Symposium on Geo-disaster Reduction and the 4th Gu Dezhen Lecture, 20–22 November 2020, Beijing, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengwen Qi ◽  
Ning Liang ◽  
Kongming Yan ◽  
Zili Dai ◽  
Fawu Wang
Keyword(s):  
International Symposium ◽  
Disaster Reduction ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Beijing China

AbstractThe 18th International Symposium on Geo-disaster Reduction (ISGdR) was held on 20–22 November in Beijing, China, focusing on the theme of “Improving the Relationship between Geoenvironment and Society”. In this symposium, a high-level Gu Dezhen Lecture and a number of keynote and invited lectures provided a platform for scientists, industrial professionals and students to share their researches and exchange novel ideas on geo-disaster reduction in a hybrid way of offline and online.

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