scholarly journals Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity of Tama River Water Estimated with in vitro Micronucleus Test and Colony Formation Inhibition Test.

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 716-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn-Son CHUNG ◽  
Kazuhiro ICHIKAWA ◽  
Makoto HAYASHI ◽  
Hideo UTSUMI
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Colony Formation ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Inhibition Test

Application of micronucleus in vitro assay to micropollutants in river water

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn-Son Chung ◽  
Kazuhiro Ichikawa ◽  
Hideo Utsumi
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Mutagenicity Test ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Kanagawa Prefecture ◽  
The Difference

To determine the genotoxicity of river water towards mammalian cells, we applied Micronucleus in vitro test using mammalian cells to the samples taken from river Tamagawa located between Tokyo and Kanagawa prefecture. Water samples were condensed by Sep-pak cartridges and extracted by dichloromethane and methanol. Positive genotoxicity was observed in methanol extracts from sampling stations of Hinobashi and Marukobashi, while no dichloromethane extracts showed genotoxicity, suggesting that polar genotoxic micropollutants may be contained in the water of Tamagawa, at least in its down-stream. Significantly high mutagenicity also detected from Hinobashi and Marukobashi by Ames mutagenicity test using Salmonella Typhimurium, and some difference was obtained in sensitivity between the two methods. This may arise from the difference in species used, that is, mammalian cells in micronucleus test and bacteria in Ames mutagenicity test.

Hypercoagulability Syndrome Due to Heparin Co-Factor Deficiency

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 485-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J Koszewski ◽  
H Vahabzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Inhibition Test ◽  
Factor Deficiency ◽  
Heparin Resistance ◽  
Fever Therapy ◽  
Intensive Course ◽  
Plasma Infusions

SummaryA case of hypercoagulability syndrome in a 35 years old male is reported. An abnormal heparin resistance was found which could be defined by means of a heparin clot-inhibition test as a deficiency in heparin co-factor. The required anticoagulant doses of heparin were forty times as high as in cases with intact heparin co-factor. The factor seemed to be used up in the process of coagulation, as plasma, but not serum, was able to correct the deficiency in vitro. Plasma infusions were helpful for four days, but a complete recovery was achieved only after an intensive course of fever therapy.The phenomenon of blood clotting should be regarded as a dynamic process which is facilitated by an array of clot promoting factors and opposed by a system of natural anticoagulants.

In vitro Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Analysis of Ten Tannery Chemicals Using SOS/umu Tests and High-content In vitro Micronucleus Tests

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehao Huang ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Kaifeng Rao ◽  
Cuiting Liu ◽  
Zijian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Qsar Analysis ◽  
Cell Assays ◽  
Micronucleus Tests ◽  
Damaging Effects

Background: More than 2,000 chemicals have been used in the tannery industry. Although some tannery chemicals have been reported to have harmful effects on both human health and the environment, only a few have been subjected to genotoxicity and cytotoxicity evaluations. Objective: This study focused on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of ten tannery chemicals widely used in China. Materials and Methods: DNA-damaging effects were measured using the SOS/umu test with Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002. Chromosome-damaging and cytotoxic effects were determined with the high-content in vitro Micronucleus test (MN test) using the human-derived cell lines MGC-803 and A549. Conclusion: The cytotoxicity of the ten tannery chemicals differed somewhat between the two cell assays, with A549 cells being more sensitive than MGC-803 cells. None of the chemicals induced DNA damage before metabolism, but one was found to have DNA-damaging effects on metabolism. Four of the chemicals, DY64, SB1, DB71 and RR120, were found to have chromosome-damaging effects. A Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis indicated that one structural feature favouring chemical genotoxicity, Hacceptor-path3-Hacceptor, may contribute to the chromosome-damaging effects of the four MN-test-positive chemicals.

scholarly journals Diphenylhydantoin-induced pure red cell aplasia

Blood ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
EN Dessypris ◽  
S Redline ◽  
JW Harris ◽  
SB Krantz
Keyword(s):  
Colony Formation ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Autologous Blood ◽  
Pure Red Cell Aplasia ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Erythroid Progenitors ◽  
Red Cell Aplasia ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Allogeneic Marrow

Abstract The pathogenesis of diphenylhydantoin-induced pure red cell aplasia was investigated in the case of a 32-year-old man who developed pure red cell aplasia while he was under treatment with diphenylhydantoin. The patient's serum IgG purified from serum drawn at the time of diagnosis suppressed normal allogeneic marrow colony-forming (CFU-E) and burst- forming (BFU-E) and autologous blood BFU-E growth in vitro only in the presence of diphenylhydantoin. This IgG-diphenylhydantoin complex had no effect on CFU-GM growth in vitro. Normal IgG or patient's IgG purified from serum drawn after the remission of red cell aplasia had no effect on erythroid colony formation in vitro in the presence of diphenylhydantoin. The IgG-diphenylhydantoin complex exerted no direct cytotoxic effect on normal marrow erythroblasts, CFU-E, and BFU-E, nor did it interfere with the action of erythropoietin on marrow erythroblasts. These studies suggest that diphenylhydantoin-induced red cell aplasia is immunologically mediated through an IgG inhibitor, which requires the presence of the drug to suppress erythroid colony formation in vitro. This inhibitor seems to exert its effect on erythroid progenitors at or beyond the stage of differentiation of CFU- E, but not on erythroblasts.

A new in vitro micronucleus test in living cells associating biological tracers and high-content imaging

2016 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. S146
Author(s):  
V. Graillot ◽  
O. Mondesert ◽  
T. Méténier ◽  
J. Vignard ◽  
V. Lobjois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
High Content Imaging

Genotoxicity Studies on Sel-Plex®, a Standardized, Registered High-Selenium Yeast

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Griffiths ◽  
Ray A. Matulka ◽  
Ronan Power
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Selenium Yeast ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
High Selenium ◽  
Chromosome Aberration Test

Selenium, recognized as an essential nutrient for human health, is a component of proteins and enzymes required for various biological functions and is currently being used as a feed supplement for livestock in geographical areas that are naturally low in selenium. Selenium is structurally similar to sulfur, replacing the sulfur atom in stoichiometric amounts and thus functions through an association with proteins, termed selenoproteins. In geographic areas low in selenium, there is the potential for animals (including humans) to become selenium deficient and this potential deficiency can be remedied by consumption of exogenous selenium, including selenium-enriched yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that contains high levels of organic selenium (e.g., selenized yeast). A unique, standardized, registered high selenium food-grade baker’s yeast ( S. cerevisiae; Sel-Plex®), was tested in the following battery of Genotoxicity assays; (1) a bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test); (2) an in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test; and (3) a mouse micronucleus test. Under the conditions of this assay, Sel-Plex® showed no evidence of mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium, in the bacterial reverse mutation test. Sel-Plex® did not induce significant chromosomal aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes in the in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test. Sel-Plex® did not statistically increase the frequency or proportion of micronucleated immature erythrocytes in the mouse micronucleus test. Thus, from the studies presented here, the authors conclude that Sel-Plex® is nongenotoxic.

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