scholarly journals Vliv rodičovských charakteristik na výběr partnera

E-psychologie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Lucie Kuncová ◽  
Zuzana Štěrbová ◽  
Jan Havlíček
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Body Odor ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Parental Characteristics ◽  
The Face ◽  
Opposite Sex

The aim of this report is to present the research project „Effect of parental characteristics on mate choice“ supported by the Czech Science Foundation (GA18–15168S). It is a multidisciplinary project involving not only psychological but also biological and chemical methods, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the studied phenomenon. The main aim of the project is to investigate whether people choose mates similar to their opposite-sex parents in the face, body odor, voice, temperament, and personality.

Short Article: Are Attractive Facial Characteristics Peculiar to the Sex of a Face?

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Casey ◽  
Marion Mernagh ◽  
Fiona N. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Mate Selection ◽  
General Information ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Face Images ◽  
The Face ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Opposite Face

Preferences for faces are thought to be the result of either general adaptations for mate selection, and thus influenced by sexual dimorphism, or mechanisms of general information processing and thus nonspecific to faces. If mate choice determines face preference then it should follow that the sex of a face should affect attractiveness judgements. To test this idea we used image morphing to generate three versions of face images: original, opposite sex, and antiface. First we established that the sex of the face was identifiable in our images. We then collected attractiveness ratings for the three face types. We found that attractiveness ratings to the original faces were correlated with, and did not differ significantly between, ratings to the opposite-sex faces. However, ratings for either the original or opposite face types were not correlated with and were significantly lower than ratings to the antifaces. Our findings failed to support the idea that attractiveness is related to sexual dimorphism in faces alone but suggest instead that other more generic factors influence preferences for all faces.

scholarly journals The Possible Role of the Uropygial Gland on Mate Choice in Domestic Chicken

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Hirao
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Individual Recognition ◽  
Copulatory Behavior ◽  
Uropygial Gland ◽  
Odor Cues ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Efferent Projections ◽  
Opposite Sex

In avian mating systems, male domestic fowls are polygamous and mate with a number of selected members of the opposite sex. The factors that influence mating preference are considered to be visual cues. However, several studies have indicated that chemosensory cues also affect socio-sexual behavior, including mate choice and individual recognition. The female uropygial gland appears to provide odor for mate choice, as uropygial gland secretions are specific to individual body odor. Chicken olfactory bulbs possess efferent projections to the nucleus taeniae that are involved in copulatory behavior. From various reports, it appears that the uropygial gland has the potential to act as the source of social odor cues that dictate mate choice. In this review, evidence for the possible role of the uropygial gland on mate choice in domestic chickens is presented. However, it remains unclear whether a relationship exists between the uropygial gland and major histocompatibility complex-dependent mate choice.

scholarly journals “To be honest, I’m pretty fat. Actually, I’m very fat”. Adjective fat as a Representation of the Concept of Obesity (Based on Corpus Data) – Preliminary Remarks

2021 ◽  
pp. 148-161
Author(s):  
Dorota Pazio-Wlazłowska
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Representation ◽  
Contemporary Fiction ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Overweight People ◽  
The Face ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Aesthetic

The article attempts to reconstruct the concept of obesity on the example of the adjective fat as one of its lexical representation. As a material for analysis, the texts of contemporary fiction (1990s–XXI century) obtained from the National Corpus of the Polish Language are used. An overweight people are characterized in the extracted material in physical, mental, aesthetic and social aspects. In the physical aspect, the face, teeth, hairstyle, hair color and appearance, height and size, as well as the physical activity are examined. Symptomatic for the physical aspect is the use of intensifiers: very obese, unbelievably obese, indecently obese. Within the mental aspect, character traits, intellectual potential, self-esteem and drug addiction are analysed. In the social aspect, attention is paid to the reluctant attitude of the environment towards obese people, the relationship of obese people with the opposite sex, as well as the main fields of activity, mainly excessive eating. As part of the aesthetic aspect, auditory, visual and olfactory impressions are analyzed. In the course of analysis lexical units used to characterize obese people are identified. The analysis shows that obese people are repulsive, unaesthetic, they smell badly and look unattractive, they eat all the time and move with difficulty. They are usually friendly and kind, but they have complexes about their looks.

scholarly journals APLIKASI HIJAB SHAHABIYAT DI MASA TURUN PERINTAH MENUTUP AURAT (Studi Pemahaman Sosio-Historis Hadis Perilaku Wanita Masa Nabi)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arpah Nurhayat ◽  
Anggi Wahyu Ari
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
The Face ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Veil ◽  
Daily Application ◽  
Over Time

<p><em>In the aspect of Islamic shari'a, it stipulates matters of daily application, including the manner of dress which is permissible in the Koran. Women get more attention in this matter, considering that their bodies contain beauty that must be covered so that it does not become a spectacle and slander for the opposite sex which is not their muhrim, it is then called aurat. The opinion of the majority of the Ulama is that male genitalia is from the navel to the knees while the female genitalia is the entire body except the face and palms. This article discusses how the application of the hijab in the days of the decree to close the aurat. hijab in the sense of closing the aurat is the command of Allah through his apostle but the boundary of the hijab is not agreed upon by the ulama. In the early days of sahabiyyat, covering their faces and heads, the implementation of the hijab by covering the entire body, including the head and face, was a response to the obedience of sahaiyyat against the command to use the hijab, not a shari'ah order from the Prophet. over time the trend of hijab appears to be inseparable from each other's understanding of the boundaries of women's genitals so that the veil, niqab, and khimar appear, all of which refer to the order to cover the genitals and are greatly affected by the boundaries of the aurat's understanding and fatwa of the ulema</em>.</p>

Tree densities and sex ratios in breeding populations of dioecious Central Amazonian Myristicaceae

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Ackerly ◽  
Judy M. Rankin-De-Merona ◽  
William A. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Partial Explanation ◽  
Canopy Tree ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
The Face ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male To Female

ABSTRACTThe densities of the breeding populations and the sex of all flowering individuals were recorded for five dioecious canopy tree species of Central Amazonian Myristicaceae, in 11 study areas of the Minimum Critical size of Ecosystems Project totalling 22.5 ha. Adult population densities were extremely low, ranging from 0.38 to 1.61 ha–1 for the five species studied. In a 10 ha study plot the mean distance to the nearest flowering conspecific ranged from 48 to 100 m, while the mean distance to the nearest opposite sex conspecific was 147 m. The two most abundant species, Iryanthera macrophylla and Virola calophylla, both showed male-biased sex ratios, of 23:9 and 20:6, respectively. The size class distribution of males, females and non-flowering individuals in V. calophylla suggests that earlier reproductive maturation of male plants may provide a partial explanation for this bias. In I. macrophylla, since 95% of the individuals were observed flowering, the observed ratio is representative of the population, and may be caused by sex shifts from male to female. The low reproductive densities, combined with the skewed sex ratios and overlapping generations of these species, create very small effective breeding populations, placing species such as these at great risk in the face of deforestation and habitat fragmentation.

scholarly journals Acceptance and closeness as opposed to rejection and neglect as emotional aspects of a parent/child relation, and their influence on young person's mental health and his social competence

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Ana Slavković
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Identification Process ◽  
Working Models ◽  
Parental Characteristics ◽  
Emotional Aspects ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Parent Child

This article considers how supporters of different directions in psychology explain the importance of closeness and acceptance by parents for the proper development of the child (supporters of attachment theory, classical psychoanalysts, NEO-psychoanalysts, behaviourists). All theorists agree that the love that a child receives from a parent is the basic pillar of child's mental health, some emphasizing the importance of the first years of life (classical psychoanalysts), some childhood up to the age of ten (supporters of attachment theory), and some a relationship between a parent and a child throughout adolescence (ego and self-psychologists). Some theorists emphasize the importance of forming positive internal introjects, ie "working models" of oneself and others, which serve to predict interpersonal interactions and determine a basically positive image of oneself and the world, while others (behavioural theorists) emphasize the importance of parent-child intimacy, with the aim to facilitate the identification process and to internalize the socially desirable characteristics of parents and other role models. The paper also analyzes the way parents manifest acceptance or rejection of the child, the consequences that such actions leave on the child (according to the findings of researchers), as well as the importance of closeness with a same-sex parent or parent of the opposite sex for the child's emotional well-being. In the second part of the paper, we consider the reasons for the rejection of the child by the parents and highlight the importance of parental characteristics, relationship between parents, characteristics of the child, as well as some factors that have nothing to do with the child's identity. We believe that the greatest influence on the rejection of the child has the pathology of the parent himself, which leads to deep internal disintegration and to the projecting of unacceptable parts of the self on a child, so that the parent sees the child as bad, wrong or incompetent.

scholarly journals Lithuanian and Masurian members of the Fellowship Movement in the face of superstition, “fairy tales” and “ugly things”

2018 ◽  
Vol 301 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Prusinowska
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Dance Music ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Face ◽  
Superstitious Beliefs ◽  
Religious Songs

Lithuanian and Masurian members of the Fellowship Movement (gromadkarze) were described by their contemporaries as extremely pious, honest, humble, righteous or obedient. They were strangers to all worldly joys, which they themselves called “fairy tales”, “sins” or “ugly things”, and those things associated with them, amongst others singing (with the exclusion, of course, of religious songs), dance, music and other pagan remnants. There are no direct sources that would clearly outline the attitude of the members of the Fellowship Movement move�ment to folklore and people, and the materials touching this sphere of their lives collected by strangers are very scare and mainly concern folk songs. This article focuses on the issue of the presence of superstitions in the lives of people and tries to determine whether the public disapproval of superstitious beliefs reflected their real views, or whether it served only as a veil behind which they hid their real faces. This information was taken from folk�loristic collections, archival materials of scientific expeditions and fiction, documenting life primarily in Lithuania Minor and from the last witnesses of the activities of Lithuanian members of the Fellowship Movement. Informa�tion gathered at different times and places is convergent: the piety of the members of the Fellowship Movement, mainly peasants, was based on a strong foundation of Christian faith entwined with paganism, which could not be completely eradicated, and without which their faith would not be as strong. The article was created within the framework of the research project “Modernybės ir tradicijos sampyna: surinkimininkų judėjimas Mažojoje Lietuvoje” (“A Plexus of Modernity and Tradition: The Fellowship Movement in Lithuania Minor”) financed by the Lithuanian Scientific Council (Lietuvos mokslo taryba), Contract No. S–MOD–17– 10.

scholarly journals Cost, risk, and avoidance of inbreeding in a cooperatively breeding bird

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (27) ◽  
pp. 15724-15730
Author(s):  
Amy E. Leedale ◽  
Michelle Simeoni ◽  
Stuart P. Sharp ◽  
Jonathan P. Green ◽  
Jon Slate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Kin Discrimination ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
First Order ◽  
Aegithalos Caudatus ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Plausible Mechanism ◽  
Multiple Mate

Inbreeding is often avoided in natural populations by passive processes such as sex-biased dispersal. But, in many social animals, opposite-sexed adult relatives are spatially clustered, generating a risk of incest and hence selection for active inbreeding avoidance. Here we show that, in long-tailed tits (Aegithalos caudatus), a cooperative breeder that risks inbreeding by living alongside opposite-sex relatives, inbreeding carries fitness costs and is avoided by active kin discrimination during mate choice. First, we identified a positive association between heterozygosity and fitness, indicating that inbreeding is costly. We then compared relatedness within breeding pairs to that expected under multiple mate-choice models, finding that pair relatedness is consistent with avoidance of first-order kin as partners. Finally, we show that the similarity of vocal cues offers a plausible mechanism for discrimination against first-order kin during mate choice. Long-tailed tits are known to discriminate between the calls of close kin and nonkin, and they favor first-order kin in cooperative contexts, so we conclude that long-tailed tits use the same kin discrimination rule to avoid inbreeding as they do to direct help toward kin.

scholarly journals Preparing for the Next Wave of COVID-19: Resilience in the Face of a Spreading Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Steiner ◽  
Lukas Zenk ◽  
Eva Schernhammer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Substantial Advantage ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The Face ◽  
Societal Resilience

COVID-19 painfully demonstrates how little resilience our societies have to novel viruses. Societies, decision makers, and scientists lack (1) a comprehensive understanding of the complexity of viral outbreaks and their impact on society; (2) intervention portfolios; and (3) a global crisis and resilience policy, all of which are required to develop appropriate measures and to improve societal resilience. We highlight COVID-19 immunity as one key benchmark in preparation for the next wave of the pandemic. Specifically, using network scenarios, we demonstrate the substantial advantage of reintegrating health care workers with acquired COVID-19 immunity in epidemic hotspots, which would not only enable their safe contribution to the health care system but also drastically contain further spread.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document