scholarly journals Inventář tendence k vině a hanbě (ITVAH): pilotní studie

E-psychologie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-65
Author(s):  
Patrik Rudolf ◽  
◽  
Petra Hubatková ◽  
David Kremeník ◽  
Vít Kratochvíl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Affective Component ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Self Forgiveness ◽  
Behavioural Reaction ◽  
Factor Measurement

This paper constitutes a pilot study of a novel measure for assessing proneness to guilt and proneness to shame, Inventář tendence k vině a hanbě (ITVAH, Inventory of Proneness to Guilt and Shame). ITVAH is a scenario-based method distinguishing affective and behavioural components of guilt and shame and also considering the private or public experience of guilt and shame, respectively. Two items (affective and behavioural reaction) were created for each of the 16 scenarios, resulting in total of 32 items. A four-factor measurement model was assumed – Negative behaviour evaluation (NBE), Reparation, Negative self-evaluation (NSE), Withdrawal. Next, we assumed negative correlations of NSE and Withdrawal with self-esteem and self-forgiveness and positive correlations of NBE and Reparation with self-forgiveness. The pilot study was carried out on 249 Czech-speaking adults (67 % women, aged 18–75, Md = 22). An ordinal confirmatory factor analysis with residual covariances between items connected to the same scenarios was conducted. The hypothesized four-factor model was found acceptable. However, we found limited evidence for the hypothesized relationships with self-esteem and self-forgiveness – in contrast to theoretical expectations we found a medium-strong negative relationship between self-forgiveness and affective component of guilt. For further use of the measure in the Czech and Slovak environment it is necessary to assess additional evidence of construct validity and concurrent validity with The Test of Self-Conscious Affect-3 (TOSCA-3).

To Reverse Item Orientation or Not to Reverse Item Orientation, That Is the Question

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110176
Author(s):  
David M. Dueber ◽  
Michael D. Toland ◽  
John Eric Lingat ◽  
Abigail M. A. Love ◽  
Chen Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Path Coefficients ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Influence Measurement ◽  
Item Orientation ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk

To investigate the effect of using negatively oriented items, we wrote semantic reversals of the items in the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and the General Belongingness Scale and used them to create four experimental conditions. Participants ( N = 2,019) were recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Data were assessed for dimensionality, item functioning, instrument properties, and associations with other variables. Regarding dimensionality, although a two-factor model (positively vs. negatively oriented factors) exhibits better fit than a unidimensional model across all conditions, bifactor indices were used to argue that a unidimensional interpretation of the data can be employed. With respect to item functioning, factor loadings were found to be nearly invariant across conditions, but thresholds were not. Concerning instrument properties, inclusion of negatively oriented items results in lower mean scores and higher score variances. Instruments with both positively and negatively oriented items demonstrated lower reliability estimates than those with only one orientation. For associations with other variables, path coefficients in a model where loneliness mediates the effects of belongingness on life satisfaction and self-esteem were found to vary across conditions. Findings suggest that negatively oriented items have minor impact on instrument quality, but influence measurement model and path coefficients.

Death Anxiety: An Empirical Test of a Blended Self Report and Projective Measurement Model

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Hayslip ◽  
Charles A. Guarnaccia ◽  
Lisa M. Radika ◽  
Heather L. Servaty
Keyword(s):  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Projective Measurement ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Factor Measurement ◽  
Three Factor

Data from a sample of 392 adults ( M age=34.3) were used to empirically establish a blended psychometric and projective measurement model of overt and covert death anxiety. Two equally plausible measurement models were derived. Based on a randomly selected sample of 196, both a two-factor model, Overt Death Anxiety-Self and Covert Death Anxiety, and a three-factor, Overt Death Anxiety-Self, Overt Death Anxiety-Other, and Covert Death Anxiety, fit the data. Data from a second randomly selected subsample of 196 adults was also consistent with a two-factor measurement model, as well as a three-factor model. On the basis of parsimony, the two-factor model of death anxiety was retained for both the development and cross validation samples. Those data substantiate a view of death anxiety which suggests that is best defined in terms of its conscious (overt) and unconscious (covert) components. These components are in varying degrees interrelated and reflect the dynamic nature of death anxiety in adulthood.

Validation of the Psychological Well-being Scale for Use in Taiwan

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Che Lin
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Psychological Well Being

My aim was to validate the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) for use in a Taiwanese context, using a sample of 389 undergraduate and graduate students. Participants completed the PWBS as well as measures of general satisfaction with life, positive affect and negative affect, global self-esteem, and depression. Results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the single-factor model of the PWBS had adequate fit indices, revealing that the 8 items of the scale were homogeneous for measuring psychological well-being. In addition, the PWBS had a positive relationship with life satisfaction, positive affect, and self-esteem, and a negative relationship with negative affect and depression, which supported its construct validity. Furthermore, the satisfactory internal consistency and stability scores supported its good reliability. All of the findings support my conclusion that the PWBS is an adequate short-form measure of psychological well-being for use in a Taiwanese context.

Self-concept and self-esteem: How the content of the self-concept reveals sources and functions of self-esteem

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Lachowicz-Tabaczek ◽  
Justyna Śniecińska
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Relative Independence ◽  
The Relationship

Self-concept and self-esteem: How the content of the self-concept reveals sources and functions of self-esteem The relations of content of self-concept to self-esteem may reflect the role of different factors in developing self-esteem. On the basis of theories describing sources of self-esteem, we distinguished four domains of self-beliefs: agency, morality, strength and energy to act, and acceptance by others, which we hypothesized to be related to self-esteem. In two studies, involving 411 university students, the relationship between self-esteem and self-concept was examined. The results confirmed relative independence of these four domains. Self-evaluation of agency was the strongest predictor of self-esteem, followed by self-evaluation of strength and energy to act, and self-evaluation of acceptance by others. Self-evaluation regarding morality turned out to have either no or negative relationship with self-esteem. The results supported the theories assuming that either perception of one's own agency or acceptance by others are sources of self-esteem.

Question Wording Effects in the Assessment of Global Self-Esteem

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dunbar ◽  
Graeme Ford ◽  
Kate Hunt ◽  
Geoff Der
Keyword(s):  
Reading Ability ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Reading Scores ◽  
Poor Reading ◽  
Method Effect ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Positive Item ◽  
Method Effects ◽  
Best Fit

Summary: Marsh (1996) produced evidence that method effects associated with negatively worded items might be responsible for the results of earlier factor analytic studies that reported finding positive and negative self-esteem factors in the Rosenberg Global self-esteem scale ( Rosenberg, 1965 ). He analyzed data collected from children using a 7-item self-esteem measure. This report details attempts to replicate Marsh 's analysis in data collected from two samples of adults who completed the full 10-item Global Self-Esteem (GSE) scale. The results reported here are similar to those given by Marsh in so much as a correlated uniquenesses model produced a superior fit to the data than the simple one factor model (without correlated uniquenesses) or the often reported two factor (positive and negative self-esteem) model. However, whilst Marsh reported that the best fit was produced by allowing negative item uniquenesses to correlate with each other, the model that produced the best fit to these data was one that contained correlated positive item uniquenesses. Supporting his claim that differential responding to negative and positive self-esteem items reflects a method effect associated with reading ability, Marsh also showed that factors associated with negative and positive items were most distinct among children who had poor reading scores. We report a similar effect among a sample of older adults where the correlation between these factors was compared across two groups who were selected according to their scores on a test of verbal reasoning.

Validation of the Short Dark Triad in a German Sample

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Caroline Wehner ◽  
Ulrike Maaß ◽  
Marius Leckelt ◽  
Mitja D. Back ◽  
Matthias Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Nomological Network ◽  
Competitive Test ◽  
Three Factor ◽  
Behavioral Criteria

Abstract. The structure, correlates, and assessment of the Dark Triad are widely discussed in several fields of psychology. Based on the German version of the Short Dark Triad (SDT), we add to this by (a) providing a competitive test of existing structural models, (b) testing the nomological network, and (c) proposing an ultrashort 9-item version of the SDT (uSDT). A sample of N = 969 participants provided data on the SDT and a range of further measures. Our competitive test of five structural models revealed that fit indices and nomological network assumptions were best met in a three-factor model, with separate factors for psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism. The results provided an extensive overview of the raw, unique, and shared associations of Dark Triad dimensions with narcissism facets, sadism, impulsivity, self-esteem, sensation seeking, the Big Five, maladaptive personality traits, sociosexual orientation, and behavioral criteria. Finally, the uSDT exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties. The highest overlap in expected relations between SDT and uSDT, and convergent and discriminant measures was also found for the three-factor model. Our study underlines the utility of a three-factor model of the Dark Triad, extends findings on its nomological network, and provides an ultrashort instrument.

Accentuating Your Masculine Side

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongzeng Bi ◽  
Oscar Ybarra ◽  
Yufang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Agency And Communion

Recent research investigating self-judgment has shown that people are more likely to base their evaluations of self on agency-related traits than communion-related traits. In the present research, we tested the hypothesis that agency-related traits dominate self-evaluation by expanding the purview of the fundamental dimensions to consider characteristics typically studied in the gender-role literature, but that nevertheless should be related to agency and communion. Further, we carried out these tests on two samples from China, a cultural context that, relative to many Western countries, emphasizes the interpersonal or communion dimension. Despite the differences in traits used and cultural samples studied, the findings generally supported the agency dominates self-esteem perspective, albeit with some additional findings in Study 2. The findings are discussed with regard to the influence of social norms and the types of inferences people are able to draw about themselves given such norms.

Features of self-awareness of adolescents with socialized behavior disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Anna Afonina ◽  
Aleksandr Kazyulin ◽  
Boris Volodin ◽  
Dmitry Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Affective Component

This study presents the results of studying the features of self-consciousness of adolescents with socialized behavior disorder, such as self-attitude (affective component of the image of the Self), self-concept, self-esteem and the level of claims.

Organization-Based Self-Esteem Affects Employees' Exchange Relationship Perceptions and Extrarole Behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Exchange Relationship ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

The 2 types of exchange relationship perceptions—social exchange relationship perceptions (SERPs) and economic exchange relationship perceptions (EERPs)—constitute the primary concept for understanding individual behavior in the workplace. Using a sample of 581 employees from Mainland China, I explored the effects of SERPs and EERPs on employee extrarole behavior (ERB), as well as the moderating effect of organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) on the relationships between SERPs and ERB, and between EERPs and ERB. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between SERPs and ERB, a significant negative relationship between EERPs and ERB, and a significant moderating effect for OBSE. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Commentary

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy J. Miller ◽  
Grace E. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Social Imaginary ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Personal Meanings ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Past Experiences

Chapter 12, “Commentary: Personalization,” discusses the process of personalization, based on the portraits presented in Chapters 8–11. Personalization is not just a matter of individual variation; it is a form of active engagement through which individuals endow imaginaries with personal meanings and refract the imaginary through their own experiences. The portraits illustrate how the social imaginary of childrearing and self-esteem entered into dialogue with the complex realities of people’s lives. Parents’ ability to implement their childrearing goals was constrained and enabled by their past experiences and by socioeconomic conditions. The individual children were developing different strategies of self-evaluation, different expectations about how affirming the world would be, and different self-defining interests, and their self-making varied, depending on the situation. Some children received diagnoses of low self-esteem as early as preschool.

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