scholarly journals Effects of Foliar Spray on Morpho-Physiological Parameters under High Temperature Stress in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (june) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Devi M ◽  
◽  
Vincent s ◽  
Babu Rajendra Prasad ◽  
Anandham R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Relative Water

High temperature is a critical barrier in most cotton growing areas, limiting cotton growth and development. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of foliar spray on KC 3 cotton variety grown under ambient (32.66°C) and high temperature (37.21°C) stress in open-top chamber (OTC) with a temperature of 5°C from the ambient temperature for 10d from flowering to boll development stage. Foliar spray of kaolin @ 3% and calcium carbonate @ 5% were sprayed separately to the set of pots both in ambient and elevated temperature on 70th day of flowering. Observations on morphological and physiological parameters were recorded on viz., plant height (cm plant-1), leaf area (cm2 plant-1), relative water content (%), canopy temperature (°C), SPAD, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm ratio). Kaolin @ 3% foliar spray significantly increased the plant height, leaf area, relative water content, chlorophyll content and reduced the canopy temperature both in high temperature and ambient temperature conditions. Among these treatments, T2 - kaolin 3% (Ambient) followed by T5 - Kaolin 3% (elevated temperature of 5 °C) recorded higher values as compared to calcium carbonate treatment both in ambient temperature and high temperature condition.

Leaf growth and K+/Na+ ratio as an indication of the salt tolerance of three sorghum cultivars grown under salinity stress and IAA treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Azooz ◽  
M. A. Shaddad ◽  
A. A. Abdel-Latef
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Relative Water

The salt tolerance of three sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivars (Dorado, Hagen Shandawil and Giza 113) and their responses to shoot spraying with 25 ppm IAA were studied. Salinity stress induced substantial differences between the three sorghum cultivars in the leaf area, dry mass, relative water content and tolerance index of the leaves. Dorado and Hagen Shandawil tolerated salinity up to 88 and 44 mM NaCl, respectively, but above this level, and at all salinity levels in Giza 113, a significant reduction in these parameters was recorded. The rate of reduction was lower in Dorado than in Hagen Shandawil and Giza 113, allowing the sequence Dorado ? Hagen Shandawil ? Giza 113 to be established for the tolerance of these cultivars to salinity. The differences in the tolerance of the sorghum cultivars were associated with large differences in K+ rather than in Na+, which was found to be similar in the whole plant. The youngest leaf was able to maintain a higher K+ content than the oldest leaf. Consequently the K+/Na+ ratios were higher in the most salt-tolerant cultivar Dorado than in the other sorghum cultivars, and in the youngest than in the oldest leaf. In conformity with this mechanism, the stimulatory effect of the exogenous application of IAA was mostly associated with a higher K+/Na+ ratio. Shoot spraying with IAA partially alleviated the inhibitory effect of salinity on leaf growth and on the K+ and Ca2+ contents, especially at low and moderate levels of salinity, while it markedly retarded the accumulation of Na+ in the different organs of sorghum cultivars. Abbreviations: LA: Leaf area, DM: Dry mass, I Indole acetic acid, RWC: Relative water content,TI: Tolerance index

scholarly journals Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes for Morpho-physiological Traits along with Grain Fe and Zn Content

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Mainak Barman ◽  
Vinay Kumar Choudhary ◽  
Satish Kumar Singh ◽  
Rabiya Parveen ◽  
Abhishek K. Gowda
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Path Coefficient Analysis ◽  
Relative Water

Character association studies help in assessing the relationship among yield and its components to enhance the selection utility. In view of this, the present research was carried out for assessing correlation and path coefficients among 30 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes using fifteen quantitative parameters. Correlation analysis demonstrated a noteworthy positive relationship of days to fifty per cent flowering, number of tillers/plant, flag leaf area, spike length, plant height, chlorophyll content, relative water content, number of grains/ ear, thousand-grain weight, days to maturity and harvest index, with grain yield per plant at both the phenotypic and genotypic level except canopy temperature which showed a significant negative relationship. Path coefficient analysis revealed that plant height, flag leaf area, relative water content and grain per ear had the maximum positive direct effect on grain yield. Hence, the present investigation can be helpful in executing a reliable selection of parental lines based on these above mentioned traits in addition to developing high-yielding varieties for further breeding programme.

The Growth of Banana Plants in Relation to Temperature

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Turner ◽  
E Lahav
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Relative Water

Bananas (cv. Williams) were grown for 12 weeks in sunlit growth chambers at day/night temperatures of 17/10, 21/14, 25/18, 29/22, 33/26 or 37/30°C. Humidity was not controlled. At 17/10°C, the plants showed chilling injury and heat injury occurred at 37/30°C. Total plant dry weight was greatest at 25/18°C while leaf area was greatest at 33/26°C. At high temperatures proportionately less dry matter was present in the roots and corm compared with plants at 25/18°C. High temperatures produced more horizontal leaves but, to compensate for this, the laminae folded more readily. Lamina folding was closely associated with relative water content of the laminae, except under cool conditions where laminae folded despite high (97-99%) leaf relative water contents. Unit leaf rate (increase in whole plant dry weight per unit leaf area per unit time) was greatest at 21/14°C (5.8 g m-2 day-1) and least at 37/30°C (1.7 g m-2 day-1.) and had a strong negative association with whole-plant leaf resistance. Leaf relative water content was more closely associated with vapour pressure deficit than temperature and even at 37/30°C was high at 94%.

scholarly journals Leaf Area, Relative Water Content and Stay-green Habit of Iranian Landraces (Triticum aestivum L.) under Water Stress in Field Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
Rashpal Singh Sarlach
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Relative Water

Water stress is one of the major and challenging abiotic stress that affects the plant mostly at all stages like tillering, booting, anthesis, grain formation and grain filling. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of water stress on relative water content, leaf area and stay green habit of Iranian landraces along with commercial relevant checks under irrigated, restricted irrigation and rain-fed conditions. Iranian landraces were selected based on minimum reduction in vigor index as compared to control lines during preliminary screening experiment in the lab in which water stress is induced by Polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000). A field experiment was carried out at the experimental area of the Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab during 2016-2017. The relative water content of Iranian landraces was calculated at the bolting stage according to the turgid weight by applying the equation of relative water content. Leaf area was recorded by leaf area meter and stay-green habit based on a 1-4 visual scale. Analysis of variance revealed interaction among treatment and genotypes was significant (P≤ 0.05) for the leaf area, relative water content, stay green habit at anthesis and 30 days after anthesis. Leaf area, relative water content and stay green habit of Iranian landraces along with commercial checks reduced under water stress conditions. Based on the performance of Iranian landraces under stress conditions, 5 lines IWA 8600397, IWA 8600567, 8606739, IWA 8606786 and IWA 8600753 were considered as water stress tolerant.

scholarly journals Genetic control and combining ability of flag leaf area and relative water content traits of bread wheat cultivars under drought stress condition

Genetika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Golparvar
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Relative Water

In order to compare mode of inheritance, combining ability, heterosis and gene action in genetic control of traits flag leaf area, relative water content and grain filling rate of bread wheat under drought stress, a study was conducted on 8 cultivars using of Griffing?s method2 in fixed model. Mean square of general combining ability was significant also for all traits and mean square of specific combining ability was significant also for all traits except relative water content of leaf which show importance of both additive and dominant effects of genes in heredity of these traits under stress. GCA to SCA mean square ratio was significant for none of traits. Results of this study showed that non additive effects of genes were more important than additive effect for all traits. According to results we can understand that genetic improvement of mentioned traits will have low genetic efficiency by selection from the best crosses of early generations. Then it is better to delay selection until advanced generations and increase in heritability of these traits.

scholarly journals Mitigation of drought stress effects on soybean gas exchanges induced by Azospirillum brasilense and plant regulators

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Guilherme Bulegon ◽  
Vandeir Francisco Guimarães ◽  
Andre Gustavo Battistus ◽  
Adriano Mitio Inagaki ◽  
Neumárcio Vilanova da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Stress Control ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Relative Water

ABSTRACT Drought stress is a limitation for the agricultural production, having as a primary effect the reduction of plant gas exchanges, and the continuity of its incidence results in a lower yield. This study aimed to evaluate the photosynthetic responses and the soybean yield, concerning the seed inoculation and foliar spray with Azospirillum brasilense and plant regulator containing auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin. A randomized complete block design was used under greenhouse conditions, with five treatments: four under drought stress (control, seed inoculation and foliar spray with A. brasilense and plant regulator) and one irrigated treatment. The soil gravimetric moisture, relative water content, CO2 net assimilation rate, apparent quantum efficiency, light compensation point and grain yield were evaluated. The water deficiency reduced the relative water content by 76.96 % and the soybean gas exchanges by 860.43 %, in the drought stress control. However, when using A. brasilense or plant regulator, the reduction of these values was mitigated, with maximum reductions of 52.40 % in the relative water content and 361.99 % in the gas exchanges. Thus, the mitigation of these effects was directly correlated with the grains yielded by plants, where the use of foliar spray with A. brasilense or plant regulator presented averages 19 % higher than the drought stress control. The applications of foliar spray with A. brasilense and plant regulator mitigate the effects of drought stress on the soybean photosynthesis and culminate in lower yield losses.

Comparative study of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) response to seven watering regimes in a controlled environment

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 918 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bourgault ◽  
D. L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Legume crops are often grown in drought-prone areas, and subjected to water stress. Greater understanding of drought tolerance in legumes and the use of physiological traits in breeding programs would likely provide high returns. An experiment was conducted comparing the response of two legume crops, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek), to seven watering regimes, in order to identify traits and timing of observations that are inexpensive and relatively easy to phenotype. Gas exchange measurements were conducted before and after selected waterings, and plants were harvested at flowering for the determination of leaf area, biomass, relative water content, and water potential. Results demonstrated that mungbean exhibited a conservative use of water through lower leaf area and a limit to maximum transpiration under non-limiting soil moisture conditions, as well as a greater partitioning of biomass into stems rather than leaves. Mungbean also maintained higher photosynthesis than common bean in low soil moisture conditions, and maintained higher relative water content than common bean. We suggest investigations into stem water-soluble carbohydrates would be worthwhile.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI KARAKTER MORFO-FISIOLOGI PENENTU PRODUKTIVITAS JAMBU METE (Anacardium occidentale)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
IRENG DARWATI ◽  
ROSITA S.M. ◽  
SETIAWAN SETIAWAN ◽  
HERA NURHAYATI
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Thickness ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Physiological Characters

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Produktivitas jambu mete di Indonesia masih rendah karena<br />budidayanya yang masih sederhana dan belum menggunakan bahan<br />tanaman unggul. Hasil tanaman ditentukan oleh beberapa karakter morfo-<br />fisiologi seperti luas dan tebal daun, jumlah stomata, laju fotosintesis,<br />kandungan klorofil, relative water content (RWC), dan potential osmotik<br />daun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter morfo-fisiologi<br />yang menentukan hasil jambu mete. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun<br />Percobaan Cikampek dan Laboratorium, Balittro, Bogor, Jawa Barat, pada<br />bulan Januari-Desember 2012. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah dua<br />varietas jambu mete produksi tinggi (B02 dan GG1) dan tiga varietas<br />produksi rendah (Laode Gani, Laode Kase, dan Laura). Tanaman<br />dibedakan dalam tiga kelompok umur (5, 8, dan 17 tahun). Parameter yang<br />diamati karakter morfologi seperti ketebalan daun (μm), luas daun (cm 2 ),<br />produksi gelondong (kg/tanaman), berat kering daun (g/daun), anatomi<br />(jumlah stomata), dan parameter fisiologi meliputi kandungan klorofil<br />(a+b) (%), laju fotosintesis (μmol CO 2  m -2 s -1 ), karbohidrat daun (%),<br />potensial air daun (bar), dan Relative Water Content (RWC) (%). Untuk<br />mengetahui parameter morfo-fisiologi yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap<br />produksi dilakukan uji komponen penentu hasil, yaitu peubah morfo-<br />fisiologi terhadap produksi gelondong mete. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan<br />peubah klorofil tanaman jambu mete berpengaruh nyata antar aksesi. Hasil<br />analisis antar peubah morfo-fisiologi dan komponen hasil menunjukkan<br />hanya peubah klorofil yang berkorelasi positif terhadap hasil gelondong<br />aksesi jambu mete yang berproduktivitas tinggi. Fungsi hasil digambarkan<br />dalam formula ln hasil gelondong = 2,01 + 11,0 ln klorofil , sedangkan pada aksesi<br />yang produktivitasnya rendah peubah klorofil tidak berpengaruh nyata.<br />Fungsi ini mengindikasikan apabila kandungan klorofil meningkat 1%<br />maka produksi gelondong akan meningkat 11%.<br />Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale, karakter morfo-fisiologi, produksi</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Cashew productivity in Indonesia is still low, due to improper<br />cultivation technique and the use of unimproved varieties. Crop yield is<br />determined by several morpho-physiological characters such as leaf area,<br />leaf thickness, the number of stomata, the rate of photosynthesis,<br />chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), and leaf osmotic<br />potential. This study aimed to obtain morpho-physiological characters<br />affecting cashew production. The research was conducted in the Cikampek<br />Experimental Station and in the Laboratory, ISMECRI, Bogor, West Java,<br />from January to December 2012. The plant material used were two<br />selected high-yielding varieties (B02 and GG1) and three low-yielding<br />varieties (Laode Gani, Laode Kase, and Laura). The plants were divided<br />into three age groups (5, 8, and 17 years). Parameters measured were<br />morphological characteristics such as leaf thickness (µm), leaf area (cm 2 ),<br />leaf dry weight (g/leaf), and nut yield (kg/tree), as well as anatomical<br />characteristic such as the number of stomata, and physiological parameters<br />consisted of chlorophyll content (a+b) (%), photosynthetic rate (µmol CO2<br />m -2 s -1 ), leaf carbohydrate content (%), leaf water potential (bar) and<br />relative water content (RWC) (%). Data were analysed using component<br />test to find morpho-physiological characteristics which was affecting nut<br />yield. The result showed chlorophyll content was significantly affected nut<br />yield among varieties as shown in the following function: ln nut yield = 2.01 +<br />11.0 ln chlorophyll . The result indicated that when the chlorophyll content<br />increased 1% the nut yield would increase 11%.<br />Keywords: Anacardium occidentale, morpho-physiological characteris-<br />tic, production</p>

scholarly journals ÉPOCAS DE SEMEADURA DE MILHO NA REGIÃO NORTE DE MATO GROSSO

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Cassiano Spaziani Pereira ◽  
Ezequel Giese ◽  
Ivan Vilela Andrade Fiorini ◽  
Anderson Lange
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
The North ◽  
Relative Water

Existem poucas informações sobre a melhor época de semeadura de milho, durante o período da “segunda safra” no norte de Mato Grosso. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar o comportamento produtivo de três híbridos de milho, semeados em seis épocas, durante a “segunda safra,” ou “safrinha”, no norte de Mato Grosso, Sinop-MT. O experimento foi conduzido em um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico típico argiloso, entre janeiro e julho de 2014. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições em esquema fatorial 3 x 6. Utilizou-se três híbridos comerciais simples e “precoces”: Maximus®; Truck (Syn7316)® e Status (Syn7205)®. As épocas de semeadura ocorreram aos 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 Dias após a semeadura de 26/01, correspondendo as datas de 26/01; 02/02; 09/02; 16/02; 23/02 e 02/03 de 2014, respectivamente. Avaliou-se a altura de plantas, área foliar, massa seca, teor relativo de água e produtividade da cultura. No florescimento, os menores teores de água nas folhas ocorreram nas plantas semeadas entre os dias 16/02 e 23/02. O crescimento vegetativo do milho foi o menor na época de semeadura entre os dias 09/02 a 23/02. Os híbridos Truck®, Máximus® e Status® não apresentaram diferença de produtividade e são mais produtivos quando semeados no final do período de segunda safra, entre os dias 16/02 a 02/03.Palavras-chave: Zea mays L, milho segunda safra, matéria seca, área foliar, teor relativo de água. MAIZE SEED TIMES IN THE NORTH REGION OF MATO GROSSO ABSTRACT:Were not sufficient information’s about the best time sowing of corn crop, during period of maize off-season in the north of Mato Grosso. The objective of this work was to verify the productive behavior of three maize hybrids, sown in six seasons, during the "second harvest," in the north of Mato Grosso, Sinop-MT. The experiment was conducted in a typical clayey dystrophic Yellow Red Latosol between January and July 2014. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replicates in a 3 x 6 factorial scheme. Three commercial hybrids were used: Maximus®; Truck (Syn7316) ® and Status (Syn7205) ®. Sowing times occurred on day after sowing of date based of 01/26; respectively for datas: 01/26; 02/02; 09/02; 16/02; 23/02 and 02/03 of 2014. The variables analyzed the height of plants, stem diameter, leaf area, dry matter, relative water content and crop productivity were evaluated. At flowering, the lowest leaf water contents occurred in the plants sown between February 16 and February 23. The maize vegetative growth was the lowest in the sowing season between 09/02 to 23/02. The Hybrids Truck, Maxima and Status had a productivity difference and are more productive when sown at the end of the second crop period, between February 16 to March 2.Keywords: Zea mays L., maize off-season, dry matter, leaf area, relative water content. DOI:

scholarly journals Correlations of Leaf Relative Water Content, Canopy Temperature, and Spectral Reflectance in Perennial Ryegrass Under Water Deficit Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Jiang ◽  
Huifen Liu ◽  
Van Cline
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

Accurate, rapid, and nondestructive estimates of turfgrass leaf water status are important for site-specific irrigation and drought stress management. The objective of this study was to identify changes and correlations among the canopy reflectance, canopy temperature, and leaf relative water content (RWC) of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) under water deficit conditions. Six cultivars of perennial ryegrass were subjected to dry-downs in the field from May to Aug. 2007 and from June to Aug. 2008. Turf quality was positively correlated with soil moisture (SM), RWC, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), but negatively correlated with canopy and ambient temperature differentials (ΔT). ΔT was well correlated with RWC (r = –0.77 to –0.78) and SM (r = –0.66 to –0.74), whereas SM was correlated with RWC (r = 0.64 to 0.74) across seasons in both years. When a wide range of stress symptoms occurred in July and Aug., RWCs became highly correlated with ΔT (r = –0.80 to –0.89) and NDVI (r = 0.77 to 0.81), whereas ΔT was correlated with NDVI (r = –0.70 to –0.80) in both years. SM was well correlated with RWC (r = 0.71 to 0.80), NDVI (r = 0.70 to 0.73), and ΔT (r = –0.76 to –0.78) in July and August in both years. These results suggest that changes in ΔT can be used to predict well the leaf water and soil moisture content of perennial ryegrass under water deficit conditions. Combined with NDVI, the correlations can be used for direct mapping of the variability in grass water status, thus improving irrigation management.

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