scholarly journals KETOKSIKAN AKUT ORAL ZAT PEWARNA MAKANAN DAUN JATI (Tectona grandis L. f.) PADA TIKUS WISTAR

Pro Food ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Candra Dwipayana Hamdin ◽  
Dheni Cahyo ◽  
Dandiko Galanova
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Test Animal

Jati leaf becomes one of the alternative natural food coloring in some food producers. A research is needed to determine the potential of acute ketoxicity (LD50) and determine the clinical symptoms that arise also to see the groos patologi of organs resulting from single oral dosage of jati leaf extract. This research was conducted with complete randomized design using OECD 423 method. The test animal used was Wistar strain female rats. In this study, the test animals were divided into 2 groups, namely the control and treatment groups, each consisting of 3 test animals. Control group given Na CMC 0.5% and treatment group given jati leaf extract with a single dose of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg bw. Dosage starts from 2000 mg/kg bw, then increased to 5000 mg / kg bw in different rat. Observations were made for 14 days because single dose administration did not cause death. Test animals were sacrificed for gross observation of the vital organ pathologies (liver, kidney, heart, stomach, spleen, and small intestine). The results showed the potential toxicity (LD50) jati leaf extract using Wistar female rat test animal included in V category (not classified). The dosage of 2000 mg/kg bw did not show any change in behavior, the dosage of 5000 mg/kg bw gave clinical symptom on the central and somatomotor nerves in the form of increased aggressiveness and vocalization and gastrointestinal disturbances in the form of singultus in the test animals.   Keywords: Acute toxicity (LD50), gross pathology, histopathology, jati leaf extract (Tectona grandis L. f.), OECD 423.   ABSTRAK   Daun jati menjadi salah satu alternatif pewarna alami makanan pada sebagian produsen makanan. Perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk menentukan potensi ketoksikan akut (LD50) untuk mengetahui gejala-gejala klinik yang timbul dan melihat gambaran gross patologi organ akibat pemberian oral dosis tunggal ekstrak daun jati. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap pola searah menggunakan metode OECD 423. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah tikus betina galur Wistar. Pada penelitian ini, hewan uji dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan yang masing-masing terdiri dari 3 hewan uji. Kelompok kontrol dipejani Na CMC 0,5% dan kelompok perlakuan dipejani ekstrak daun jati dengan dosis tunggal 2000 dan 5000 mg/kg BB. Dosis pemejanan dimulai dari 2000 mg/kg BB, kemudian dinaikkan menjadi 5000 mg/kg BB pada tikus yang berbeda. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 14 hari karena pemejanan dosis tunggal tidak menyebabkan kematian. Hewan uji dikorbankan untuk pengamatan gross patologi organ vitalnya (hati, ginjal, jantung, lambung, limpa, dan usus halus). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan potensi ketoksikan (LD50) ekstrak daun jati menggunakan hewan uji tikus betina galur Wistar termasuk dalam kategori V (tidak terklasifikasikan). Pemejanan dosis 2000 mg/kg BB tidak menunjukkan perubahan tingkah laku, pada pemejanan dosis 5000 mg/kg BB memberikan gejala klinis pada saraf pusat dan somatomotor berupa peningkatan agresifitas dan vokalisasi serta gangguan pada saluran cerna berupa singultus pada hewan uji.   Keywords: ekstrak daun jati (Tectona grandis L. f.), gross patologi, histopatologi, OECD 423, toksisitas akut (LD50)

Effect of Fetal and Neonatal Hypothyroidism on Glucose Tolerance in Middle-Aged Female Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Jeddi ◽  
Saeedeh Khalifi ◽  
Mahboubeh Ghanbari ◽  
Asghar Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Neonatal Hypothyroidism ◽  
Glucose Levels

Background and objective: The effects of hypothyroidism during pregnancy and lactation on carbohydrate metabolism have been mostly studied in male animals. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate effect of fetal and neonatal hypothyroidism (FH and NH) on the glucose tolerance in middle-aged female rat offspring. Methods: Pregnant female rats were divided into three groups: Rats in the control group consumed tap water, while those in the FH and NH groups consumed 250 mg/L of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) in their drinking water during gestation or lactation periods, respectively. After weaning, the female offspring were separated and divided into 3 groups (n=8/group): Control, FH, and NH. Body weight was recorded monthly and intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed at month 12. Results: Compared to controls, female rats in the FH group had significantly higher plasma glucose levels than controls throughout the IVGTT except at min 60. Values at min 5 of the FH and control group were 196.1±1.9 and 155.3±5.9 mg/dL, respectively (P<0.05). In the NH group, plasma glucose levels were significantly higher only at min 5 (185.7±14.1 vs. 155.3±5.9 mg/dL, P<0.05). Conclusion: Hypothyroidism during fetal or neonatal periods caused glucose intolerance in middle-aged female offspring rats.

Toxicological evaluation of hydroethanol leaf extract of Pupalia lappacea (Linn.) Juss. (Amaranthaceae) in rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murtala Akanji Abdullahi ◽  
Elijah Oladapo Oyinloye ◽  
Akinyinka Alabi ◽  
Aderonke Adeyinka Aderinola ◽  
Luqman Opeyemi Ogunjimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract Objectives Several studies have established the ethnobotanical benefits of Pupalia lappacea (PL) in laboratory animals without extensive toxicological evaluation of its safety profiles. Thus, an extensive toxicological investigation of sub-chronic oral administration of the hydroethanol leaf extract of P. lappacea in rodents was carried out in this study. Methods Different groups of rats were treated orally with the extract (10, 50 and 250 mg/kg) daily for 90 consecutive days. The control group received distilled water (10 mL/kg). After 90 days, some rats were left for additional 30 days without treatment for reversibility study. Blood and organs samples were collected for different evaluations at the end of study periods. Results The extract decreased the bodyweights, feeding and water intakes in female rats. PL increased the weights of the liver and kidney in male rats. PL increased the red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), triglycerides (TRIG), cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) contents in rats. PL (250 mg/kg) significantly reduced the sperm motility and serum testosterone level. Cyto-architectural distortions of the testes, liver and spleen were visible. Conclusions The findings showed that P. lappacea is relatively safe at lower doses but cautions should be taken at higher dose.

Effects of 900-MHz electromagnetic fields exposure throughout middle/late adolescence on the kidney morphology and biochemistry of the female rat

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya Öztürk Okatan ◽  
Ali Ertan Okatan ◽  
Hatice Hancı ◽  
Selim Demir ◽  
Serap Özer Yaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sham Group ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Kidney Morphology

The effect of the electromagnetic field (EMF) established when cell phones are in use on human health, and particularly the head, has been the subject of major scientific research. Phones are usually carried near the lumbar region when not in use, and the kidneys will also inevitably be affected by such fields. We investigated the effects on the kidneys of female rats exposed to a continuous 900-megahertz (MHz) EMF for 1 h daily in mid-late adolescence. Control, sham, and EMF groups were established. The EMF was applied to the application group rats daily on postnatal days 35–59. A pseudo-megahertz effect was applied to sham group rats. All animals were euthanized on postnatal day 60. Right kidney tissues were subjected to routine procedures. Malondialdehyde, total antioxidant status, and total oxidant status (TOS) were investigated in left kidneys, and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was also calculated from these. Histopathological analysis revealed no pathology in either the control or sham groups. However, findings including hemorrhage in glomerulus, vacuolization and irregularity in the proximal and distal tubular epithelium, diffuse glomerular degeneration and edema, occasional degeneration in Bowman capsules, hemorrhage in the medullary region, disturbed nucleus location and morphology, and tubular edema in the cortex were observed in the EMF groups. TOS and OSI values were lower in the EMF group (9.4316 ± 1.0211 and 0.8461 ± 0.0826, respectively) and the sham group (8.2171 ± 0.6437 and 0.7358 ± 0.0545, respectively) than in the control group (11.1522 ± 1.3389 and 1.0085 ± 0.1174, respectively) ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, exposure to a continuous 900-MHz EMF for 1 h daily during middle and late adolescence may cause various changes in the female rat kidney at postnatal day 60.

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ ГЛУТАМАТУ МАНГАНУ НА РЕПРОДУКТИВНУ ФУНКЦІЮ ТА ЕМБРІОГЕНЕЗ ЩУРІВ

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
O. V. Shtapenko ◽  
I. I. Hevkan ◽  
Yu. I. Slyvchuk ◽  
V. I. Syrvatka ◽  
S. V. Fyodorova
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Liposomal Form ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Control Female

<p>Pregnancy is associated with increased nutritional needs due to the physiologic changes of the female and the metabolic demands of the embryo/fetus. The use of chelating compounds with high biological activity increased the fertility of female rats by stimulation metabolism and functional activity of the reproductive system. Manganese is an essential element utilized by antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and others metalloenzymes that take part in reduction reactions, in multiple physiological processes including reproductive system. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of subcutaneous injections of Mn glutamate in liposomal forms on the reproductive system and the process of embryogenesis of experimental female rat.</p> <p>The study was conducted on female rats aged 2.5-3 months with body weight of 180-200 g. Rats with dated gestation were divided into three groups: two experimental and control. Female rabbits of the 1<sup>th</sup> experimental group were subcutaneous injected of 2 mg/ml for Mn glutamate in liposomal form one week before fertilization and the animals of the 2<sup>th</sup> group were obtained the same preparation during fertilization. Rats were euthanized on the twentieth day, ovariens were singled out of fiber, visual inspection and counting the number of yellow bodies were performed, absolute and relative mass indexes were determined, Mn glutamate influence index was calculated.</p> <p>Experimental results showed that the administration of Mn glutamate 7 days before fertilization and during fertilization significant increased the number of corpora lutea of pregnancy (p&lt;0,001), number of live fetuses (p&lt;0,001) due to the decrease in general and pre-implantation embryonic mortality compared with the control group. The experimental results showed improvement in key indicators of embryonic development. We observed significant increase in the number of implanted embryos on 1 female at 10,7±0,26 and 11,3±0,21 (p&lt;0,001) (9,4±0,16 vs. control group) and decrease of the number of resorption in the female rats treated with Mn glutamate as compared with the control group. The results suggest a beneficial effect on the course of Mn glutamate embryogenesis of experimental animals.</p> <p><em>Key words: glutamate manganese, pregnancy, embryogenesis, liposomal preparation</em></p>

THE EFFECT OF HYPOTHALAMIC STIMULATION AND PROGESTERONE ON OVULATION IN FEMALE RATS TREATED WITH THE OESTROGEN ANTAGONIST ICI 46,474

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Hypothalamic Stimulation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Sexual Receptivity ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT A single dose (0.2 mg) of the antioestrogen ICI 46,474 at 15:00 h on the second day of dioestrus inhibited ovulation in the female rat. This inhibition could not be overcome by electrochemical stimulation of the basal hypothalamus on the afternoon of pro-oestrus. In contrast, progesterone (1.0 mg) treatment at 10:30 h on pro-oestrus induced ovulation at the expected time. The facilitatory effect of progesterone was prevented by administration of Nembutal (35 mg/kg) at 11:00 h on pro-oestrus. Progesterone did not induce ovulation in rats treated with ICI 46,474 on both dioestrus day 1 and 2. Sexual receptivity in ovariectomized oestradiol-treated (2.0 μg/day) rats was significantly depressed by the antioestrogen (1.0 mg/day) whether it was given 1 h before, 1 h after, or at the same time as the oestradiol. The compound also prevented the uterine weight increase in response to oestradiol but exerted a significant effect on uterine weight itself when compared to oil treated controls.

scholarly journals Effects of Semi-Starvation on the Total Body Composition and Absorptive Function of the Small Intestine of the Young Adult Female Rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
VJ Williams ◽  
W Senior ◽  
JilI Sippel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Variable Weight

Sixteen female rats aged about 80 days and with a mean body weight of 175 g were fed 40 % of their ad libitum intake of a laboratory chow. They were killed and analysed for water, protein, lipid and ash after 9, 21� 5, 30� 2 and 38�8 % of body weight had been lost. Compared to a control group of four animals, the 38�8 % group lost 13 g or 34 % of their protein. The animals in the 21 . 5, 30� 2 and 38 . 8 % groups lost 7� 5 g or 87 % of their lipid leaving only 1 �1 g of lipid. The percentage protein in the body was little affected by body weight loss but lipid decreased from 5 to 1 %. In another experiment with 26 rats of 205 g mean body weight and aged about 115 days, absorption rates by the small intestine were measured in vivo after variable weight losses between 0 and 39 %. o( + )-Glucose uptake was increased by about 70 % in those animals which had lost only 5 % of body weight and this increased uptake was retained in those rats which had lost up to 39 % of body weight. The absorption of L-leucine was not affected by the decline in body weight compared to the controls but relative to body weight, the ability of the intestine to absorb increased. In the same animals, the wet and dry weights of the small intestine declined slightly faster than body weight and the length of the small intestine tended to decrease slightly with increasing loss of body weight.

scholarly journals The Safety of Areca Seed Ethanolic Extract as Potential Chemopreventive Agent is Proven by Acute Toxicity Test

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Sri Handayani ◽  
Riris Istighfari Jenie ◽  
Ratna Asmah Susidarti
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Test Animal ◽  
Chemopreventive Agent ◽  
Areca Catechu

Areca (Areca catechu L.) seeds ethanolic extract (AE) exhibits antiproliferative activity and induces apoptosis on T47D and MCF-7 cells. This study aimed to verify AE safety using acute toxicity test to support its development as chemopreventive agent. Male Sprague Dawley Rat (Rattus norvegicus) age 8 weeks divided into five groups, one group of control treated with 0.5% CMC-Na only and four groups for treatment. Single dose in oral administration was done to test animal with various dose of AE starts from lowest dose to highest dose expected toxic to all of test animal (0.1; 0.72; 5.36 and 10 gram/kgBW). Observation was done during 24 hours and continued for 14 days. The observation criteria were toxic symptoms, appearance and mechanism of toxic effect and pathology of vital organ. Histopathology analysis of some vital organs was done with Haematoxyllin&Eosin (H&E) staining. Toxic effect did not appear either on treatment groups or control group. Treatment of single dose of areca ethanolic extract, even in highest dose, did not cause the death of the animals. Therefore, observation extended to 14 days and terminated by necroption of the animals. All of groups did not show histopathological alterations in microscopic observation. Category of the potential toxicity of AE is practically non-toxic, ie 10 g/kgBW. The result shows the safety of areca seed ethanolic extract which is important for its development as chemopreventive agent.Keywords: Areca catechu, acute toxicity, rat

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF Moringa oleifera LEAF EXTRACT ON THECA CELL IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME MODEL WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Purbawaning Wulandari ◽  
Anindya Hapsari
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Anti Oxidant

The use of Moringa oleifera as an anti-oxidant should be investigated as an alternative treatment of follicular refinement in Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with insulin resistance. We aimed to prove the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in various dosages to decrease the thecacell thickness of PCOS female rat with insulin resistance. This study was a laboratory experimental research. Three month old Rattus norvegicusstrain Wistar rat weighing 100-130 g were divided into 5 groups (n= 8). PCOS model obtained by giving injection of testosterone propionate for28 days, followed by metformin therapy and Moringa oleifera leaf extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg BW for 14 days. The examination of ovariumhistology showed that leaf extract Moringa oleifera 500 mg/kg BW (0.931±0.457) significantly decreased the thickness of theca cells (P0.05)compared to the PCOS control group. The conclusion was Moringa oleifera leaf extract as an anti-oxidant proven to decrease the thickness oftheca cell of the female rat model of PCOS.

scholarly journals Histomorphology of Pancreatic Islet in Physiological Aging Female Rats Post Intravenous Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wining Astini
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Wharton's Jelly

The increasing population of aged people will have the important role in the life, but the function of their bodies will decrease because of aging. Aging will increase the risk of degenerative disease, one of example is diabetes. The disease is related to the aging in the pancreatic organ which progressively declines by age. The aimed of the experiment was to determine the effect of human wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells by injecting intravenously in aging female rats. This study used 3 young female rats (3 months) and 6 aging female rats (24 months). The experiment consisted of three groups. The young control group (A), the aging control group (B) that received NaCl (0.9%) 0,4 mL, the aging treatment group (C) received 1 x 106 cells/kg of human wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells 0,4 mL. The aging control and the aging treatment group were injected 4 times with the interval in 3 months. The end of the experiment (12 months), the rats were anesthetized and sacrificed. The pancreatic tissues were collected to examine the pancreatic islets by histology studies. Changes of the pancreatic islet in control and treated groups were examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining. These findings conclude that injecting human wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cell increase the diameter and total pancreatic islet in the treatment group. In other side, the cell population of pancreatic islet also have significant differences (P<0.05) in treated physiological aging female rat groups than control aging female rat group.

scholarly journals Acute toxicity studies of aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus niruri

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Asare ◽  
Phyllis Addo ◽  
Kwasi Bugyei ◽  
Ben Gyan ◽  
Samuel Adjei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Acute toxicity studies of aqueous leaf extract ofPhyllanthus niruriPhyllanthus niruriis a plant with medicinal properties. It is often used to treat mild malaria and the elimination of renal stones. However, studies on its toxicity are scarce. The study was carried out to determine if the aqueous leaf extract ofP. niruriadministered to female Sprague-Dawley rats would illicit evidence of toxicity. Fifteen female rats weighing 150-200 g were divided into 3 groups. Rats in Group 1 were given a single low dose (LD) of 2 000 mg/kg b.w. of the extract by oral gavage within 24 hrs. Rats in Group 2 were given a single high dose (HD) of 5 000 mg/kg b.w. of the extract by oral gavage within 24 hrs. Rats in Group 3 were not given any extract but drinking water and served as the control group (C). All the rats were observed for signs of toxidromes for 14 days. On the 15thday, all the rats were sacrificed. Body organs were harvested for macroscopic examination. Urine and blood samples were drawn and analyzed. Hematological tests performed included full blood count and hemoglobin. Biochemical examinations included bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein, albumin, globulin, alkaline phosphatse (ALP), γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), urea, and creatinine. The results of the three groups were not significantly different. Examination of the various body organs did not show any abnormality. Thus no toxicity was observed at the levels administered. The LD50of the aqueous extract is > 5 000 mg/kg. b.w.

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