scholarly journals Characterization and Bioactivity Test of Pectin from Musa balbisiana Peel Extracted using Various Acid Solvents

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Husnawati ◽  
Ika Yuni Astutik ◽  
Laksmi Ambarsari
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Musa Balbisiana ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Esterification Degree

Banana (Musaceaea) is one of the highest production fruits in Indonesia, which amounted to 7,162,685 tons in 2017. Banana peel waste produced can reach 40% of the total production of fresh bananas. Kepok banana peel contains a lot of nutrients and pectin. Pectin levels in banana peel ranged from 1.92% to 3.25% of dry weight. This study aims to characterize pectin from kepok banana peel (Musa balbisiana) extracted using nitric acid, citric acid, and HCl and screening potential of pectin bioactivity based on LC50 values. The highest pectin yield was obtained from extraction using pH 4 citrate buffer which was 3.68 ± 1.23%. In general, the characteristics of the best pectin from kepok banana peel are pectin extracted with HNO3 pH 4 with methoxyl degree 3.74 ± 0.34%, galacturonate content 87.64 ± 8.36%, and esterification degree 24.24 ± 0.098%. Based on the LC50 value the pectin extraction results can be classified into two, namely commercial pectin and pectin HCl pH 1.5 which is low bioactivity (LC50 > 100 ppm), and pH 4 HNO3 pectin and pH 4 citrate buffer pectin which has high bioactivity (LC50 ≤ 30 ppm).   Keywords: Cytotoxicity, galakturonat, kepok banana pectin, methoxyl

scholarly journals PENENTUAN MUTU PEKTIN DARI LIMBAH KULIT PISANG DENGAN VARIASI VOLUME PELARUT ASAM SITRAT

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
V. A. Devianti ◽  
L. Sa'diyah ◽  
A. R. Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Banana Peel Powder ◽  
Esterification Degree ◽  
Powdered Form

The need for pectin in Indonesia is inscreasing every year. Indonesia relies on pectin import to fulfill domestic pectin needs. So it is necessary to search for sources of raw materials that contain pectin, one of which is banana peel waste. Pectin in banana peels can be extracted using acid solvents. This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of banana peel powder and solvents (1:40, 1:50, and 1:60) to the yield and quality of pectin extracted. The acid solvent used was 5% citric acid, and the extraction was conditioned at 90 °C for 120 minutes. Pectin which has been extracted from banana peels is in powdered form, brownish, and odorless. The results showed that the optimum solvent/solid ratio was 1:50 with a quantity of yield, equivalent weight, methoxyl content, galacturonic acid content, and esterification degree were 10,68%, 958 mg, 3,54%, 196% and 14,84% respecively. FTIR analysis indicated that pectin from banana peels extract had characteristic near to comercial pectin. Keyword: pectin extraction, ratio peel powder and solvents, citric acid volume Kebutuhan pektin di Indonesia cenderung meningkat di setiap tahun dan lebih mengandalkan pektin impor untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pektin dalam negeri. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pencarian sumber bahan baku yang memiliki kandungan pektin, diantaranya adalah kulit pisang. Pektin dalam kulit pisang dapat diekstrak menggunakan pelarut asam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh volume asam yang ditambahkan pada serbuk kulit pisang raja nangka dengan rasio 1:40, 1:50, dan 1:60. Pelarut asam yang digunakan adalah asam sitrat 7% dengan suhu estraksi 90 °C dan lama waktu ekstraksi 120 menit. Pektin yang telah diekstrak dari kulit buah pisang ini berbentuk serbuk, berwarna kecoklatan, dan tidak berbau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio bahan/pelarut adalah 1:50 dengan hasil rendemen, berat ekivalen, kadar metoksil, kadar galakturonat, dan derajat esterifikasi berturut-turut adalah 10,68%, 958 mg, 3,54%, 196% dan 14,84%. Analisis dengan FTIR menunjukkan bahwa bilangan gelombang yang muncul pada pektin dari kulit pisang ini memiliki karakteristik yang sama dengan pektin komersial. Kata kunci: ekstraksi pektin, volume asam sitrat, rasio bahan dan pelarut

scholarly journals Effect of pH and Silicon in the Fertigation Solution on Vegetative Growth of Blueberry Plants in Organic Agriculture

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1423-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M. Gallegos-Cedillo ◽  
Juan E. Álvaro ◽  
Th. Capatos ◽  
T. Luan Hachmann ◽  
Gilda Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Ph Level

The effect of pH and silicon (Si) in the nutrient solution on the vegetative development of 2-year-old blueberry plants (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. Ventura) was studied. Two independent experiments were performed on coir fiber (CF) and sand as substrates. In experiment 1, Si was applied in the nutrient solution at a dose of 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mm. In experiment 2, plants were treated with nutrient solution at pH 4.00, 4.75, 5.50, and 6.25, using two sources of acidification: nitric acid and citric acid. The parameters of plant growth, foliar surface, and stem biomass were measured. With the application of 1.2 mm Si to CF, plant height registered a significant increase of 8%, and shoot dry and fresh biomass increased by 21% and 25%, respectively. The results of experiment 1 indicated that the application of Si benefits the vegetative growth of blueberry plants in CF, but no effect was observed in the sand substrate. In the results of experiment 2, the pH level of 6.25 in CF decreased the dry weight of stems and leaves by 21% and 18%, respectively. A significant increase in the pH range of 4.00 to 5.50 was recorded in both the citric acid and nitric acid treatments, but these significant effects were not found in sand. Citric acid presented a similar behavior to nitric acid, which indicates that it can be a good source of acidification in organic and ecologically friendly crops.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING BEADS OF AMOXICILLIN USING PECTIN FROM BANANA PEEL (MUSA BALBISIANA ABB)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Yan Hendrika ◽  
Julia Reveny ◽  
Sumaiyah Sumaiyah
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Citric Acid Concentration ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Musa Balbisiana ◽  
Drug Entrapment Efficiency

 Objective: The study aimed to investigate the characteristic pectin from banana peels (Musa balbisiana ABB) and formulation as a polymeric carrier in gastrorententive floating beads.Methods: Pectin from banana peel was isolated using a citric acid solvent with varying concentration (2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%) at 80°C for 90 min. Characterization of pectin included determination of yield, equivalent weight methoxyl content (Me), galacturonic acid (GaA), and degree esterification. Floating beads of amoxicillin prepared by the ionotropic gelation method used calcium ion as cross-linking and sodium bicarbonate as gas-forming agent. Three formulations of amoxicillin were formulated using different percentage of pectin. The prepared beads were evaluated for particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, morphological study, floating lag time, floating time, swelling properties, in vitro drug release, and study of drug release kinetics.Results: The result showed citric acid concentration 7.5% was optimum condition for isolated pectin from banana peels with the percent of yield was 9.51%; 6.29% Me; 62.82% GaA; and degree of esterification 48.46%. Floating time of beads was ≥12 h and drug entrapment efficiency F3 was highest (51%). In vitro drug release confirmed F3 was the best formulation as it releases 92% at 5 h with followed Higuchi model kinetics drug release. Floating beads amoxicillin showed differences of drug release compared with conventional dosage form of amoxicillin (p<0.05).Conclusion: This study confirmed these beads can entrap amoxicillin and also can successfully deliver the drug targeted stomach for a prolong duration drug release.

scholarly journals Phytoextraction of Lead Using a Hedge Plant [Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson]: Physiological and Biochemical Alterations through Bioresource Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5074
Author(s):  
Urooj Kanwal ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim ◽  
Farhat Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Yamin ◽  
Fariha Jabeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Citric Acid Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Biomass Plant ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Approach ◽  
Pb Concentration

Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach that can be used for the remediation of metals in polluted soil. This study used a hedge plant–calico (Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson) to determine the role of citric acid in lead (Pb) phytoremediation by exposing it to different concentrations of Pb (0, 200, 500, and 1000 mg kg−1) as well as in a combination with citric acid concentration (0, 250, 500 µM). The analysis of variance was applied on results for significant effects of the independent variables on the dependent variables using SPSS (ver10). According to the results, maximum Pb concentration was measured in the upper parts of the plant. An increase in dry weight biomass, plant growth parameters, and photosynthetic contents was observed with the increase of Pb application (200 mg kg−1) in soil while a reduced growth was experienced at higher Pb concentration (1000 mg kg−1). The antioxidant enzymatic activities like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were enhanced under lower Pb concentration (200, 500 mg kg−1), whereas the reduction occurred at greater metal concentration Pb (1000 mg kg−1). There was a usual reduction in electrolyte leakage (EL) at lower Pb concentration (200, 500 mg kg−1), whereas EL increased at maximum Pb concentration (1000 mg kg−1). We concluded that this hedge plant, A. Bettzickiana, has the greater ability to remediate polluted soils aided with citric acid application.

scholarly journals Reducing Substrate Moisture Content during Greenhouse Production of Poinsettia Improves Postproduction Quality and Economic Value

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1618-1628
Author(s):  
Yanjun Guo ◽  
Terri Starman ◽  
Charles Hall
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Ethylene Concentration ◽  
Substrate Moisture

The objective was to determine the effect of substrate moisture content (SMC) during poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) greenhouse production on plant quality, postproduction longevity, and economic value. Two experiments were conducted, one in 2016 with ‘Freedom Red’ and the other in 2017 with ‘Christmas Eve Red’. Treatments included two SMC levels (20% or 40%) applied in four timing of application combinations. Total production (TP) time was 14 (2016) or 12 (2017) weeks in which vegetative production (VP) occurred from week 33 (2016) or 35 (2017) to week 39 and reproductive production (RP) continued from week 40 to 47. The four timing of application treatments were 40/40 = TP at 40% SMC; 20/40 = VP at 20% + RP at 40%; 40/20 = VP at 40% + RP at 20%; 20/20 = TP at 20% SMC. After simulated shipping in the dark, plants were evaluated in a simulated retail environment with two packaging treatments: no sleeve covering or plastic perforated plant sleeves covering container and plant. At the end of greenhouse production, plants grown in 20% SMC during RP (20/20 and 40/20) had shorter bract internode length, stem length, and smaller growth index (GI), decreased shoot and root dry weight (DW), and bract and leaf surface area compared with those in 40% SMC during RP (40/40 and 20/40). Photosynthetic rate was higher when plants were watered at 40% SMC regardless of production stage compared with those in 20% SMC. Leaf thickness, petiole thickness, total bract and leaf number were unaffected by SMC treatments. Plants in 20% SMC during RP (20/20 or 40/20) had earlier bract coloring despite days to anthesis being the same for all SMC treatments. Compared with 40/40, 40/20, and 20/20 could save 44.2% or 43.6%, respectively, irrigation and fertilizer usage, and 39.1% and 47.8%, respectively, labor time. During postharvest, ethylene concentration was unaffected by packaging method. Sleeved plants, regardless of SMC treatment, received lower light intensity in the middle of the plant canopy, causing plants to have lower total leaf number due to abscission and SPAD reading at the end of postproduction. The 40/40 treatment abscised more bracts during five weeks (in 2016) of postproduction and with no sleeve had higher number of bracts with bract edge burn (BEB). In summary, reducing SMC to 20% during TP or RP reduced water usage during production and produced more compact plants with increased postproduction quality.

scholarly journals Laboratory Evaluation of Neem formulation bioactivity against Crocidolomia pavonana F. larvae

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Raden Arif Malik Ramadhan ◽  
Neneng Sri Widayani ◽  
Lindung Tri Puspasari ◽  
Yusup Hidayat ◽  
Danar Dono
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
And Control

This study aims to evaluate the bioactivity of the formulation of Neem 50 EC  against Crocidolomia pavonana larvae in the laboratory. The study using six treatments and three replications. The treatment consisted of the formulation of neem 50 EC at concentrations of 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.3%, 2.3%, and control. The treatment was done by leaf feeding method and tested on C. pavonana instar II. The results of the research showed that the formulation of neem 50 EC at concentration of 2.3% caused mortality of C. pavonana larvae with mortality rate of 95% and has LC50 value aqual to 0.83%. Neem formulation can inhibit the development of C. pavonana larvae from instar I to instar IV, decrease food consumption, and decrease the dry weight of C. pavonana larvae instar IV.Keywords: Azadirachta indica, Bioactivity, Crocidolomia pavonana, neem formulation

scholarly journals Total Hyptolide of Indonesian Hyptis pectinata extracts in a various solvent using HPLC and UV-Vis spectroscopy and their toxicities

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 305-309
Author(s):  
Meiny Suzery ◽  
Siti Khumairoh ◽  
Bambang Cahyono
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pure Compound ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

The bioactive compound of hyptolide has been isolated from an Indonesian plant Hyptis pectinata using various solvents. The pure compound was then used as a standard in quantitative analysis using HPLC and UV-Vis spectroscopy in ethanol (EEth), ethyl acetate (EEa), acetone (Eac) and hexane (Ehex) extract each earned 3.14%, 0.01%, 1.33% and 0.04% (dry weight per sample). The standard curve of hyptolide using UV spectroscopy has been obtained with the coefficient of relationship (r) of 0.997. However, the use of spectroscopy was not recommended for the standardization of hyptolide in the extract due to interference from other compounds that absorb the same wavelength. Furthermore, the toxicity test using the Brine Shrimp lethality test shows LC50 value of 92-181 ppm, which was in EEa compared to EEth, Eac, and Ehex.

Micro-quantity tissue digestion for metal measurements by use of a microwave acid-digestion bomb.

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Nicholson ◽  
M G Savory ◽  
J Savory ◽  
M R Wills
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Bovine Liver ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Dry Ashing ◽  
Tissue Digestion

Abstract We describe a simple and convenient method for processing small amounts of tissue samples for trace-metal measurements by atomic absorption spectrometry, by use of a modified Parr microwave digestion bomb. Digestion proceeds rapidly (less than or equal to 90 s) in a sealed Teflon-lined vessel that eliminates contamination or loss from volatilization. Small quantities of tissue (5-100 mg dry weight) are digested in high-purity nitric acid, yielding concentrations of analyte that can be measured directly without further sample manipulation. We analyzed National Institute of Standards and Technology bovine liver Standard Reference Material to verify the accuracy of the technique. We assessed the applicability of the technique to analysis for aluminum in bone by comparison with a dry ashing procedure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document