In Search of Taxonomies: The Relevance of Cognitive Reading Models in the Design of Electronic Text in Literary Studies

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant D. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Electronic Text ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Scholarly Edition ◽  
Information Studies ◽  
Traditional Roles ◽  
Reading Models

Computing in the humanities has grown beyond its traditional roles; with the phenomenal growth of hypertext and hypermedia, scholars are learning to exploit the potential of these new media to reinvent the "scholarly edition" and to present literary works to the reader in radically new ways. Information studies research contains numerous insights that the literary scholar would find. . .

scholarly journals TEORI HARMONI PENGANTAR KAJIAN SASTRA BERBASIS KONSTITUSI

Paramasastra ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aprinus Salam
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Literary Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
The West ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Safe Condition

Literary studies can not be separated from the literary theory initiated and developed by “Western” scholars. Indonesian Literature also refers to these theories in interpreting and explaining literary works. This paper intends to ask the historical contextuality and the theoretical independence of Indonesian literature as a nation that has a historicity different from the West. The main offer in this paper is the importance of a theory called the theory of harmony-constitution. The important objectives of the theoretical point of view of the theory of harmony-the constitution are 1) all efforts to build an independent society and social justice, 2) a happy and safe condition, and hence the freedom that has been achieved should always encourage unity, sovereignty and prosperity, and 3) the acknowledgment “on the blessings of almighty God and by the noble driven.” Methodologically, the theory of harmony-constitution is based on semantics. This theory can be used to analyze social and cultural issues, but in the case of this paper will be tested to study literary works, especially the poetry of Chairil Anwar.

Is the ‘Intention’ There? On the Impact of Scientism on Hermeneutics

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-394
Author(s):  
Zhang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Scientific Attitude ◽  
Literary Creation ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
The Impact

Ever since the mid-twentieth century, there has been a prevailing tendency of eliminating the author’s existence in his or her text, as well as the existence of his or her intention. The practice of negating the meaning of the author’s intention and thereby imposing arbitrary interpretations on the text to serve the critic’s own interpretive purpose, has led contemporary literary hermeneutics onto the wrong road of relativism and nihilism. It is sensible for us to identify an impact of scientism on such a hermeneutic tendency. However, no matter how we try to deny and dissolve the author’s intention, its being in the text is a hard fact that always determines the text’s quality and value and influences the readers’ understanding and interpretation. The author’s intention runs through the whole process of the text’s creation, displaying itself in all the plans and designs of the text, such as its language, structure and style. It is a false question to ask whether intention exists in literary creation, and the idea that the other person can be totally independent of the author’s intention to assert the meanings or significance of the text will finally lead us to nowhere but sheer subjective imagination. Any serious and responsible critic must research in depth to first bring out the author’s intention, and then bring out the text’s historical and social milieus. This is the foundational step towards fair and justified interpretation of the text. Since literary works are the objectification of the authors’ thoughts and mind power, we, whatever theories we are interested in, should give the author and his or her intention due respect. This is undoubtedly a scientific attitude toward literary studies.

Meer – Medien – Maschinen: Jules Vernes abenteuerliche Reise- und Kommunikationsformen

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-307
Author(s):  
Roland Innerhofer
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
Communication Media ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Jules Verne ◽  
Electronic Storage

Abstract“Mobilis in mobili,” the motto of Nemo, captain of the submarine Nautilus, denotes the utopic concept represented by Jules Verne’s water crafts – motion in motion, calm dynamics in a save, egg-shaped vessel equipped with all conveniences. As a bestselling author, Jules Verne established a floating scriptorium on his private yacht. Similarly, he furnished his imaginary vessels with studies and map rooms, libraries as well as new electronic storage and communication media. But in the same vein the autarchy of these vessels causes refusal of communication and isolation of their possessors and passengers. The reason for this is also a poetological one, since the ubiquity of media and their aim of unimpeded communication collide with the requirements of the adventure novel. Its momentum results from interferences and communication failures, and often culminates in natural disasters and explosions that destroy the vessels. In the alternation of control and disturbance, Verne’s novels display the materiality of media, and at the same time they claim, rather ungently, the dominance of writing over all other media by having the last say. Since the competition between various forms of literature, especially the adventure novel, and contemporary non-literary technological media, as seen in Jules Verne’s novels, has not yet been addressed sufficiently in literary studies, this paper opens new perspectives not only on the important role media takes in Verne’s works, but also on how popular literature reacts to the increasing importance of new media in communication and in public life.

Degrees of Difference: Rethinking the Transnational Turn in Korean Literary Studies

PMLA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-657
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Hanscom
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Literary Production ◽  
Literary Works

“Nothing,” Paul Jay writes in his recent work Global Matters: The transnational turn in literary studies, “has reshaped literary and cultural studies more than its embrace of transnationalism” (1). Certainly the shift toward a transnational model has been useful in mounting a critique of nation-based literary studies and in debunking the “natural” link among national identity, race, and language, challenging both the “hermeneutic preeminence of nations” and the “neutrality of comparison as a method” (Seigel 62–63). Combined with a postcolonial attentiveness to local or peripheral literary production and an expanded notion of agency, transnationalism works to designate “spaces and practices acted upon by border-crossing agents, be they dominant or marginal” (Lionnet and Shih 5) and to diversify the authors and texts available to students of literature, broadening curricula and the scope of literary studies (Jay 22). Those studying and teaching non-Western literatures might well find value in the challenge to the nation as the unquestioned context for the production and interpretation of literary works and in the healthy skepticism toward a supposedly neutral comparative method.

Interpretation and the Hypothetico-Deductive Method: A Dilemma

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Folde
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Empirical Science ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Normative Claim ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
To Come ◽  
Interpretation Of Literature

AbstractThe Norwegian philosopher Dagfinn Føllesdal and his German colleague Heide Göttner argued independently from one another that the interpretation of literary texts proceeds by the hypothetico-deductive method. In this paper I critically examine their view. My interest, however, is systematic rather than exegetical. After elucidating the claim and working through some case studies, I discuss several objections raised in the debate. My central point is that the view runs into a dilemma: there is no variant of the view which is both tenable and capable of showing that the interpretation of literature is a respectable scientific activity.Among other things Føllesdal (1979) and Göttner (1973) argue that the justification of hypotheses in interpretations of works of literature proceeds by the hypothetico-deductive method. I refer to this as the HD-view. Systematically, it has much to offer. If interpretation is hypothetico-deductive, then it seems to inherit all the alleged merits of this method: exactness, intersubjectivity, reliability, and rationality, among other things. Interpreting literary works would turn out to be a proper scientific activity subject to the same general standards as, say, experimental physics. The interpretation of literary works is thereby demystified and rendered comprehensible. Also, the HD-view would speak in favor of the idea that all empirical science is equal, unified by a single method and the same general goals, among them, arguably, pursuing the truth and generating knowledge.In the first section of my paper I elucidate the HD-view in more detail. The key element of the view is the hypothetico-deductive method. The idea of the HD-method is roughly this. One forms a hypothesis which often cannot be directly verified (e. g., all ravens are black), deduces from this hypothesis in conjunction with auxiliary assumptions (e. g., this is a raven) all kinds of empirical consequences (e. g., this raven is black), and checks these consequences: observation either confirms or disconfirms them. If the consequences are disconfirmed, the hypothesis (or the auxiliary assumptions) should be discarded. If, however, the consequences are confirmed, the hypothesis (and the auxiliary assumptions) is also confirmed (to a certain degree) – it fits in with our experience. Importantly, the HD-method concerns not the genesis but the justification of a hypothesis.After pointing out some of the philosophical issues surrounding the HD-method, I distinguish several variants of the HD-view that will play a role when assessing the objections directed against it. Finally, I discuss issues that arise when transferring the HD-method to the interpretation of literature, such as the role of hypotheses, auxiliary assumptions, data and observation.The second part of my paper concerns Føllesdal’s and Göttner’s case studies and their positive arguments for the HD-view. I go through their examples (interpretations of Ibsen’sThe third and final section addresses several objections that have been raised against the HD-view. Some argue that the view is too strict: other methods of justification are used in interpretations. Others argue that the view is too broad: some (kinds of) interpretation hypotheses cannot be justified by the HD-method. A third objection has it that the view fails because some interpretations cannot, even in principle, be (dis)confirmed. Some take the view to be a false descriptive claim. Others take it as a misguided normative claim. Finally, the view is said to be insufficient because it does not supply criteria to decide between rival interpretations. None of these objections is found to be fatal. However, the HD-view must be modified to circumvent each objection. These modifications result in the following variant of the view: the justification of empirical hypotheses in argumentative interpretations of literary works can be reconstructed as proceeding, among other things, by the HD-method.Although this claim seems tenable it is far from the original view. This would not be a problem, if it were to meet the main goal the HD-view was meant to achieve, viz. show that the interpretation of literary works is a kosher scientific activity. Unfortunately, the modified variant does not deliver the goods. Only a fragment of all interpretations of literary works conducted in literary studies is rendered scientific. This result does not do justice to scientific practice. And it does not offer a methodology for all interpretations.The result is a dilemma: the modified version of the HD-view is correct but misses its goal whereas the original version does meet this goal but is incorrect. The choice is between admitting that the project failed and saying something false.The second horn of the dilemma – meeting the goal but saying something false – is no option for a rational being. Thus, friends of the original idea should opt for the first horn: admit that the project has failed and make something of the modified variant.One way to go is to become revisionary and claim that only a fraction of all interpretations conducted in literary studies is actually scientific. This entails a ban from science for a bulk of current interpretative practice. I am not aware of anyone in the literature who defends this position. It is certainly not the position of Føllesdal or Göttner. And it faces the problem of explaining why the interpretations characterized by it are the only scientific ones.I conclude that it is still a desideratum of literary studies to come up with a convincing methodology of interpretation.

scholarly journals RELASI ANTARTEKS DALAM PENGKAJIAN SASTRA

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumiyadi Sumiyadi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Literary Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Literary Study ◽  
Textual Studies ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Difference

Abstrak Relasi Antarteks dalam Pengkajian Sastra. Relasi antarteks terdapat dalam karya sastra yang di dalamnya membayangkan teks lain. Dalam mengkaji teks demikian, kita biasanya langsung mengkaitkannya dengan konsep intertekstual, padahal konsep tersebut berkaitan dengan teori pascastruktural sehingga dalam pengkajiannya, kita harus mengikuti prinsip-prinsip pascastrukturalisme. Relasi teks juga mensyaratkan kita untuk melakukan kajian bandingan, yang dalam kajian sastra dapat menggunakan konsep sastra bandingan. Kajian sastra bandingan tidak berkaitan dengan salah satu teori. Bahkan, teori apapum dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan sastra bandingan. Sehubungan dengan relasi teks dalam dunia sastra merupakan fenomena menarik, kemungkinan banyak pihak atau peneliti yang tertarik untuk mengkajinya. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan landasan teori sastra yang kukuh dan relevan sehingga menghsilkan kajian sastra yang bermakna dengan kadar ilmiah yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Penegasan ciri pembeda antara prinsip kajian sastra bandingan dan prinsip kajian intertekstual dalam tulisan ini merupakan upaya ke arah pengkajian sastra yang demikian.Kata kunci: teks, intertekstual, pascastruktural, sastra bandingan   Abstract Inter-textual Relation in Literary Studies. Inter-texts relation exista in literary works; one work shadows the other. In studying such texts we often immediately link them with the concept of intertextuality that belongs to post-structuralism. Texts relation also requires us to compare literary works using comparative literary study concepts. Comparative literary studies are not related with one specific theory. Any theory can be employed. Texts relation is an iteresting phenomenon that invites many to investigate. For this reason we need a grounded and relevant literary theory that will facilitate insightful and reliable literary studies. The difference between comparative literature principles and inter-textual studies principles are discussed in the article. Keywords: texts, intertextuality, post-structuralism, comparative literature.

scholarly journals Ekokritik dalam Sastra Indonesia: Kajian Sastra yang Memihak

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Novita Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Social Contribution

Literary studies of high quality require at least two things: (1) an increase on the weight and depth of appreciation of the literary works under investigation, and (2) the study’s social contribution towards the factual problems in society. The study of literature should involve the production of useful knowledge, instead of formal academic compliance. This paper is to discuss one possible type of study on Indonesian literature, i.e. ecocritical reading of literature. When examined closely through today’s politically contextual lenses and the implications thereof, Indonesian literature on environment and literary filmization can result in useful and referential knowledge. Studies of this kind differ significantly in terms of quality from a mere textual analysis of literary works with a brief, shallow description of some literary terminologies that function only as scientific embellishments. The objective of this article, therefore, is to discuss studies on Indonesian Literature using Ecocriticism as one possible trajectory to transform society.

Razin’s motif of the Princess’s drowning in the literature about the Russian Civil war (“Princess” by Andrey Sobol and “Povolniki” by Alexander Yakovlev)

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
Olga A. Simonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Traditional Roles

The motif of the Persian Princess’s drowning was central to the plot connected with the figure of the famous Cossack ataman Stepan Razin. The motif became popular in Russian literature. The most famous was a song based on the words of Dmitry Sadovnikov, “Iz-za ostrova na strezhen…” (“Round the island to the midstream...” (Stenka Razin Song)), which served as the basis for the subsequent perception of the motif. The story of A. Sobol, “Princess” (1924), and the novel of A. Yakovlev, “Povolniki” (1922), embody the text of Sadovnikov’s song. The character and action of the “ataman” were close to the Razin’s ones. However, the reasons that caused the action and the image of the Princess were different. The heroine turns from a faceless and nameless figure into a full-fledged character, actively acting (A. Sobol “Princess”) or playing a key role in changing the fate of the main character (A. Yakovlev “Povolniki”). Sobol’s “princess” Natasha Toropova only pretends to be submissive to the “ataman” who loves her: in fact, she has her own ideas and views and became a Chekist in order to implement them. Silly but pretty Ninochka from “Povolniki” brings the hero to the embezzlement, resulting in the death penalty for both of them. Thus, the traditional roles in Razin’s story are interpreted in a new way. The initiative of the heroine is directly due to the participation of women in the Civil war: during this period, the “princess” acquires subjectivity in literary works.

The Impact of New Media on Women Rights, with particular referemce to India

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Dr.R.K. Maya
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Media ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Women Rights ◽  
Traditional Roles

In the recent past, advances in information and communication technology have resulted in unifying the world and these developments have impacted public policy, private attitudes and behaviour. The media can play a vital role in the empowerment of women. Though the number of women who work in the media has increased, very few women are in the top positions where they can take decisions or influence content and policy towards the portrayal of women's issues. Gender-based stereotyping still continues in all forms of media. The consumer-driven patterns of media reinforce women's traditional roles and inappropriately target women. The media also contribute to the creation of violent, negative and sexually exploitative content about women which leads to negatively impacting women's participation in society as equal partners to men with inherent dignity.

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