scholarly journals Next Up: A Proposal for Values-Based Law Reform on Unilateral Withholding and Withdrawal of Potentially Life-Sustaining Treatment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Downie ◽  
Lindy Willmott ◽  
Ben P White
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Canadian Society ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Current State ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Life Sustaining Treatment ◽  
Fundamental Values

The unilateral withholding and withdrawal of potentially life-sustaining treatment presents a complex issue of law and public policy. The authors examine the current state of this practice and conclude that it is occurring, being challenged in the courts, and is treated differently in different jurisdictions. The authors review the current state of the law in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, and Canada. The authors use Canada as a case study to outline a process for pursuing law reform. The authors propose a model for law and policy reform in this area that is both informed and shaped by the fundamental values of Canadian society.

International Perspectives on End-of-Life Law Reform

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Assisted Dying ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
Life Sustaining Treatment ◽  
The Law ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Do So

Much has been written about whether end-of-life law should change and what that law should be. However, the barriers and facilitators of such changes – law reform perspectives – have been virtually ignored. Why do so many attempts to change the law fail but others are successful? International Perspectives on End-of-Life Law Reform aims to address this question by drawing on ten case studies of end-of-life law reform from the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, the Netherlands, Belgium and Australia. Written by leading end-of-life scholars, the book's chapters blend perspectives from law, medicine, bioethics and sociology to examine sustained reform efforts to permit assisted dying and change the law about withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment. Findings from this book shed light not only on changing end-of-life law, but provide insight more generally into how and why law reform succeeds in complex and controversial social policy areas.

Renewed Activism for the Labor Movement: The Urgency of Young Worker Engagement

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maite Tapia ◽  
Lowell Turner
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Labor Movement ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Labor Movements ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Movement Building

In this article, the authors consider the findings of a multi-year, case study-based research project on young workers and the labor movement in four countries: France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The authors examine the conditions under which young workers actively engage in contemporary labor movements. Although the industrial relations context matters, the authors find the most persuasive explanations to be agency-based. Especially important are the relative openness and active encouragement of unions to the leadership development of young workers, and the persistence and creativity of groups of young workers in promoting their own engagement. Embodying labor’s potential for movement building and resistance to authoritarianism and right-wing populism, young workers offer hope for the future if unions can bring them aboard.

The digital health paradox: international policy perspectives to address the increased health inequalities for people living with disabilities (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin van Kessel ◽  
Rok Hrzic ◽  
Ella O'Nuallain ◽  
Elizabeth Weir ◽  
Brian Li Han Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Health Innovations ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Readiness To Adopt ◽  
Global Population

UNSTRUCTURED The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the uptake of digital health worldwide and highlighted many benefits of these innovations. However, it also stressed the magnitude of inequalities regarding accessing digital health. This article explores the potential benefits of digital technologies for the global population, with particular reference to people living with disabilities, taking the autism community as a case study. We ultimately explore policies in Sweden, Australia, Canada, Estonia, the United Kingdom, and the United States to learn how policies can lay an inclusive foundation for digital health systems. We conclude that digital health ecosystems should be designed with health equity at the forefront to avoid deepening existing health inequalities. We call for a more sophisticated understanding of digital health literacy to better assess the readiness to adopt digital health innovations. Finally, people living with disabilities should be positioned at the centre of digital health policy and innovations to ensure they are not left behind.

scholarly journals The United Nations: Implications of Soft Power

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Sara Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Cold War

The United Nations is often looked to for guidance in conflict prevention and intervention, but its lack of hard power has proven to be extremely limiting. Although the United Nations has been a major improvement from the League of Nations, its ability to maintain world peace is restricted by the aspirations of its member states. The Security Council is especially significant, made up of the United States, the United Kingdom, France, China and Russia. Each state in the Security Council has the ability to veto any initiative proposed by the United Nations. Additionally, the United Nations cannot take action without leadership from one or more of its states, and many states are hesitant to sacrifice their military resources even in the event of major human rights violations. This hesitancy to intervene is especially evident in the case study of the Rwandan genocide, but can also be seen in the Cold War and the Syrian Civil War, amongst other conflicts.

Abortion and Reproductive Rights

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Maslow Cohen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Reproductive Rights ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Abortion Law ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 1960S

This article discusses critical debate about individual control over the beginnings of life that has sprawled across the fields of academic law, philosophy, politics, religion, the life sciences, and the self-christened field of bioethics from the 1960s up to the present. The subject has formed in and around a cascade of popular pressures; biomedical advances; legislative, judicial, and public policy initiatives; media attention; and the boiling politics in which, at least in the United States, the whole series of enterprises has been bathed. The present undertaking will train on the law. It covers contraception in the United States, abortion law and policy in the United States, and contraception and abortion in Europe and the United Kingdom.

scholarly journals Addressing Offshore Tax Evasion Challenges in the Rising of Digitalization Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Omar ◽  
Wan Liza Md Amin ◽  
Nurazlina Abdul Raof
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Open Access Article

Countries worldwide have lost billions of dollars in tax revenue due to tax evasion on income from offshore bank accounts. This has become an increasing challenge in a rising digital economy, necessitating advanced measures to combat offshore tax evasion. Hence, this paper aims to provide an overview and critical analysis of the approaches taken by the United States, the United Kingdom, and Malaysia to curb offshore tax evasion strategies used by multinational corporations and individual taxpayers. This paper employs library-based doctrinal study and comparative legal analysis in a descriptive, analytic provision, and prescriptive manner. Keywords: Offshore Tax Evasion, Tax Loopholes, Law Reform eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3019

The Structure of Attitudinal Tolerance in the United States

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Study ◽  
Political Tolerance ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Fundamental Values ◽  
Cross National

In recent years there has been a resurgence in interest in the cross-national study of public opinion. A significant component of this rekindling of attention has been the specific area of public support for the fundamental values of democracy. John Sullivan and his various colleagues have reported on political tolerance in the United States, Israel, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. In conjunction with a smattering of more limited cross-national studies, and newly-completed studies that are just now emerging, a wealth of comparative data is now available.

Academic independence, freedom and ‘enlightenment’: The case of accounting research

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Barnes
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
The United States ◽  
Building Society ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Mutual Organization

This article examines the problem of academic freedom in a rather unlikely area: accounting and historical accounting research. It discusses some cases in the United States and the United Kingdom where accounting research led to controversy and tells the story of a PhD student (the author) sued for libel in 1986 for his research concerning a policy issue, the subject of public debate, and related to conflicts of interest for directors of a mutual organization (a building society) and their use of its funds. It shows how ‘managerial diversion’ was discovered, how the libel suit was successfully defended and how the law was changed. While academic independence issues have always existed and across disciplines, the case and discussion largely relate to the 1980s in the United Kingdom when universities suffered savage cutbacks in public funding and the imposition of ‘reforms’. The case study illustrates, and the article discusses these issues as they relate to the state of modern universities and the pressures on academics.

IMMORAL IN PRINCIPLE, UNWORKABLE IN PRACTICE: CANNABIS LAW REFORM, THE BEATLES AND THE WOOTTON REPORT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby Seddon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Scrutiny ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Rapid Emergence

Abstract In the late 1960s, the cause of cannabis law reform briefly rose to remarkable cultural prominence in several Western countries, notably the United Kingdom and the United States. Some 50 years later, as global cannabis prohibition is once again coming under intense critical scrutiny in many parts of the world, this paper revisits the events of the 1960s. Drawing on primary archival research, the paper recovers the story of the rapid emergence and development of the reform movement. The importance to reform discourse of ideas of personal freedom and civil liberties is explored and set in the context of wider shifts in liberal governance. In conclusion, it is argued that the challenge of cannabis regulation today needs to be understood in the context of contemporary regulatory capitalism.

scholarly journals Addressing the ageing workforce: a critical examination of legal policy objectives and values in the United Kingdom

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1362-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALYSIA BLACKHAM
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
A Value ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Policy Objectives

ABSTRACTPopulation ageing is a key challenge confronting European policy makers. Ageing is a complex issue, requiring a value-driven approach to law and policy. However, there has been limited consideration of what values are driving ageing law and policy in the European Union, or if these values are appropriate. Drawing on an empirical study of United Kingdom (UK) legal policy documents, this paper identifies and critiques the primary values and objectives driving ageing law and policy in the field of employment. It is argued that the values driving UK law and policy are often contested, contradictory and under-defined, and there has been limited thought given to how they should be prioritised in the event they conflict. Thus, there is a serious need to reconsider the approach to age and employment taken by policy makers, and to clarify better the key values on which law and policy rest.

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