scholarly journals Split Sales of Gas

1971 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Robert C. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Reservoir ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Market

The Natural Gas Industry is highly competitive and once a gas reservoir is discovered the various producers are anxious to enter into Gas Purchase Contracts. The contracts are with different purchasers and on different terms giving rise to split stream deliveries - there would never be any split stream problems if all producers made simultaneous deliveries to one or more purchasers in exactly the same volumes at exactly the same price. This article examines the position of the producers in the gas reservoir in the absence of an agreement and then discusses different contractual methods which the producers may use to resolve the conflict between the Doctrine of Correlative Rights and the Rule of Capture, such as gas market sharing contracts, cash adjustments, gas balancing schemes and deferred production agreements. To further complicate the problems of 'the producer in dealing with split sales of gas, the lessee-producer must keep in mind the interests of the lessor-royalty owner. The article concludes with a consideration of the interest of the royalty owner in the prepayment received by the producer and in the price for which the producer is selling the gas.

THE EMERGING PHILIPPINE NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FOREIGN INVESTMENT

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Rufino B. Bomasang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
The Government

The main Philippine energy policy objectives are availability of energy supply; competitive, affordable, and reasonable energy prices; and environmentally compatible energy infrastructure. A key strategy in the pursuit of these objectives is expanded natural gas utilisation.Development of the Camago-Malampaya gas field in offshore northwest Palawan is the vital anchor of the emerging Philippine gas industry. It has proven reserves of 3–4 trillion cubic feet, enough to supply a 3,000 megawatt power plant, but located in very deep water (over 800 m) and far away from the market (requiring 500 km of pipeline). Nevertheless, the developers (Shell and Occidental Petroleum) are prepared to develop the field and build a 24-inch offshore pipeline to transport the gas to power plants in Luzon which independent power producers are likewise prepared to put up, all to be completed by 2001–2002. Total capital requirements from upstream to downstream are estimated at US$4–5 billion.While the initial gas market will be limited to power generation, the government intends to expand the use of gas to the industrial, commercial/residential, and transport sectors. To assure reliable gas supply to the entire gas industry, the government is actively promoting gas exploration and supports LNG importation to supplement indigenous gas.With the government's policy of maximising private sector participation, the gas industry offers tremendous foreign investment opportunities includingindigenous gas exploration/development;pipeline construction;LNG supply and construction/operation of LNG infrastructure;independent power production; anddevelopment of new gas markets.

Development in China’s Natural Gas Industry Regulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 3058-3061
Author(s):  
Lin Jun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
The Cost

With the growing interest in clean energy, and the natural gas market maturity in China, there is a strong need to introduce as soon as possible a regulation system covering the mid- and downstream natural gas business to ensure a harmonized approach to gas industry development. Adopting a consistent regulation system for the mid- and downstream natural gas industry that establishes the fundamental rights, obligations and regulatory principles would provide a clear legal expression of the government’s policy and strategy for gas industry development and the ground rules for the operation of the gas industry. Such a regulation system would, therefore, help create a more stable investment and operating environment, reduce uncertainty and investment risk, and consequently lower the cost of capital.

scholarly journals Natural Gas Industry in Korea: Current Status and Outlook

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (0) ◽  
pp. 133-152
Author(s):  
Jae Duck Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
The Government ◽  
Facility Construction

Korea's natural gas industry has a relatively short history, but it has displayed a dynamic growth and this growth will continue in the foreseeable future. The use of natural gas has been promoted due to the government policy to diversify the energy source to lower dependency on oil and to regulate air pollution, combined with consumers' preference for high grade energy. The structural change in Korea's energy use and supply, brought about by the growth of natural gas market in Korea, is of main interest of this paper. Particular focus is given to the rapid increase in gas demand and Korea's nationwide gas supply plan according to which massive facility construction projects have been undertaken. The Korea Gas Corporation (Kogas) is currently conducting projects for expanding its existing facilities and for building new ones. These include: building more LNG storage tanks, constructing a new LNG receiving terminal, and extending pipelines to form a nationwide transmission network. Attention is paid also to the reform of gas pricing mechanism in Korea so that it would provide with appropriate means for achieving various policy objectives of the government.

Finding Fault with the Nexus Pipeline? Agency Capture and the Public Good

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Kear
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Environmental Impact Statement ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fracturing Process ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Regulatory Commission

Natural gas is an increasingly vital U.S. energy source that is presently being tapped and transported across state and international boundaries. Controversy engulfs natural gas, from the hydraulic fracturing process used to liberate it from massive, gas-laden Appalachian shale deposits, to the permitting and construction of new interstate pipelines bringing it to markets. This case explores the controversy flowing from the proposed 256-mile-long interstate Nexus pipeline transecting northern Ohio, southeastern Michigan and terminating at the Dawn Hub in Ontario, Canada. As the lead agency regulating and permitting interstate pipelines, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is also tasked with mitigating environmental risks through the 1969 National Environmental Policy Act's Environmental Impact Statement process. Pipeline opponents assert that a captured federal agency ignores public and scientific input, inadequately addresses public health and safety risks, preempts local control, and wields eminent domain powers at the expense of landowners, cities, and everyone in the pipeline path. Proponents counter that pipelines are the safest means of transporting domestically abundant, cleaner burning, affordable gas to markets that will boost local and regional economies and serve the public good. Debates over what constitutes the public good are only one set in a long list of contentious issues including pipeline safety, proposed routes, property rights, public voice, and questions over the scientific and democratic validity of the Environmental Impact Statement process. The Nexus pipeline provides a sobering example that simple energy policy solutions and compromise are elusive—effectively fueling greater conflict as the natural gas industry booms.

Research on Industrial Integration between Electricity Industry and Natural Gas Industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 4304-4307
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhe Meng
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Electricity Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Industry Regulation ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Regulation Reform

Industrial integration is the trend of the modern industrial economy. It is the result of the enterprises from competition to cooperation. Industry boundaries become blurring. And industries begin to integrate. With technological innovation, business integration, market integration, as well as industry regulation reform, electricity industry and natural gas industry is towards integration. The barriers between electricity industry and natural gas industry has been eliminated through knowledge sharing, mergers and acquisitions, market reform and regulation reform in developed countries. The energy industry in China will also be integration to improve national competitiveness.

Analysis of the Application of Blockchain Technology in the Field of Supply Chain Finance in the Natural Gas Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Zhang ◽  
Fuping Wang ◽  
Yongsong Pu ◽  
Pu Li ◽  
Yingkai Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Supply Chain Finance ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Financial Framework ◽  
Gas Supply

Abstract After China's supply chain finance business has gradually matured in the consumer finance field, it has begun to extend to the industrial finance field. As a branch of industrial finance, the natural gas industry supply chain finance business has gradually developed, and the number of participants has gradually increased. The article mainly introduces the development status of natural gas supply chain financial services in China. Research has found that there are still many problems in the current industry development, such as the inability of effective collaboration among participants, and the inability to unify logistics, information flow, capital flow and energy flow in the industry. On this basis, the article studies the methods of blockchain technology to solve corresponding problems, and proposes the application ideas of blockchain technology in the field of natural gas supply chain finance, hoping to promote development by constructing a business model business architecture and technical architecture, This model can produce significant economic and social benefits, has a high theoretical feasibility, but there is no concrete examples at present. Finally, suggestions are made in five aspects, including strengthening the design of top-level systems, incorporating energy flows into the supply chain financial framework system, creating an open innovation atmosphere, enhancing technological progress, strengthening core corporate social responsibility, and promoting core corporate organizational innovation.

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