scholarly journals Regional Symmetry of the Pelvis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-54
Author(s):  
Sarah McClelland ◽  
Samantha Polege ◽  
David Li ◽  
Maha Ead ◽  
Lindsey Westover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Pelvic Fractures ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Acetabular Cup ◽  
Pubic Rami ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction ◽  
Colour Deviation

Understanding the left-right symmetry of the pelvis can assist with the virtual reconstruction of fractured pelvises in the future. Further specifying the different regions can give more information regarding the anatomy of the bone. CT scans of intact pelvises are turned into 3D models using a computer program called Mimics. The femurs and spine are removed manually to isolate the bone. The model can then be analyzed and the regions defined. The pelvis is split into three pieces using the program Geomagic, the iliac, acetabular, and pubic rami regions. The two cuts are made based around the highest and lowest points of the acetabular cup. From here each cut piece can be mirrored and aligned with the opposing side of the pelvis. Colour deviation maps can then be generated to visualize the asymmetry, as well as the RMS value and the percentage of points within a 2 mm deviation threshold. The average RMS values are below 2 mm and the percentage of points within 2 mm is high. My research reflects that the pelvis is symmetrical and may be used to assist in the surgical planning process of pelvic fractures.

scholarly journals The Manufacturing of 3D Printed models for the Neurotraumatological Education of Military Surgeons

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (11-12) ◽  
pp. e2013-e2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Duda ◽  
Lisa Meyer ◽  
Eugen Musienko ◽  
Sascha Hartig ◽  
Tobias Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Model Quality ◽  
Neurosurgical Department ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Visible Lesion ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract Introduction When deployed abroad, military surgeons frequently have to deal with casualties involving head trauma. The emergency treatments, as well as craniotomies, are often performed by non-neurosurgeons qualified with basic neurotraumatological skills. Previous neurotrauma courses for education of non-neurosurgeons in Germany teach surgical emergency skills but do not include the training of skills needed to successfully utilize imaging in surgical planning, which is of importance for the safety and success of the treatment. To overcome these limitations, 3D printed models of neurotrauma cases were fabricated for application in the training of non-neurosurgeons. Materials and Methods Five models of actual neurotrauma cases from our neurosurgical department were segmented from CT scans and 3D printed using multi-part fused deposition modeling. Model quality was assessed with respect to the representation of pre-defined anatomical landmarks. The models were then fixed to a wooden mount with a central light source and covered by a latex mask for skin simulation. Surgical planning by means of craniometric measurements on the basis of available CT scans of the corresponding patients was then applied to the model. Results The 3D printed models precisely represented the cranium, the lesion, and anatomical landmarks, which are taken into consideration during surgical planning. Surface covering with washable latex masks ensured sufficient masking of the now non-noticeable lesion within the semi-translucent skull. Surgical planning was performed using washable marker drawings. When lighted, the otherwise non-visible lesion within the semi-translucent 3D printed craniums became visible and facilitated immediate success control for the course participants. Conclusion The presented method provided a way to fabricate precise 3D models of neurotrauma cases, which are suitable to teach the application of medical imaging in surgical planning. For further benefit analysis, the application of the presented education tool needs to be investigated within a neurotrauma course.

scholarly journals Accuracy of cup placement in total hip arthroplasty by means of a mechanical positioning device: a comprehensive cadaveric 3d analysis of 16 specimens

2019 ◽  
pp. 112070001987482
Author(s):  
Arthur J Kievit ◽  
Johannes G G Dobbe ◽  
Wouter H Mallee ◽  
Leendert Blankevoort ◽  
Geert J Streekstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Models ◽  
Safe Zone ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Anterior Pelvic Plane ◽  
Mechanical Device ◽  
Acetabular Cup ◽  
Anteversion Angle ◽  
Positioning Device ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Safe Zones

Introduction: We tested whether a mechanical device (such as Hipsecure) to pinpoint the anterior pelvic plane (APP) as a guide can improve acetabular cup placement. To assess accuracy we asked: (1) is the APP an effective guide to position acetabular cup placement within acceptable ° of divergence from the optimal 40° inclination and 15° anteversion; (2) could a mechanical device increase the number of acetabular cup placements within Lewinnek’s safe zone (i.e. inclination 30° to 50°; anteversion 5° to 25°)? Methods: 16 cadaveric specimens were used to assess the 3D surgical success of using a mechanical device APP to guide acetabular cup placement along the APP. We used the Hipsecure mechanical device to implant acetabular cups at 40° inclination and 15° anteversion. Subequently, all cadaveric specimens with implants were scanned with a CT and 3D models were created of the pelvis and acetabular cups to assess the outcome in terms of Lewinnek’s safe zones. Results: The mean inclination of the 16 implants was 40.6° (95% CI, 37.7–43.4) and the mean anteversion angle was 13.4° (95% CI, 10.7–16.1). All 16 cup placements were within Lewinnek’s safe zone for inclination (between 30° and 50°) and all but 2 were within Lewinnek’s safe zone for anteversion (between 5° and 25°). Conclusion: In cadaveric specimens, the use of a mechanical device and the APP as a guide for acetabular cup placement resulted in good positioning with respect to both of Lewinnek’s safe zones.

scholarly journals Investigating the utility of VR for spatial understanding in surgical planning: evaluation of head-mounted to desktop display

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Hattab ◽  
Adamantini Hatzipanayioti ◽  
Anna Klimova ◽  
Micha Pfeiffer ◽  
Peter Klausing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Scene Understanding ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Target Object ◽  
Learning Condition ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Direction Estimation ◽  
Spatial Understanding

AbstractRecent technological advances have made Virtual Reality (VR) attractive in both research and real world applications such as training, rehabilitation, and gaming. Although these other fields benefited from VR technology, it remains unclear whether VR contributes to better spatial understanding and training in the context of surgical planning. In this study, we evaluated the use of VR by comparing the recall of spatial information in two learning conditions: a head-mounted display (HMD) and a desktop screen (DT). Specifically, we explored (a) a scene understanding and then (b) a direction estimation task using two 3D models (i.e., a liver and a pyramid). In the scene understanding task, participants had to navigate the rendered the 3D models by means of rotation, zoom and transparency in order to substantially identify the spatial relationships among its internal objects. In the subsequent direction estimation task, participants had to point at a previously identified target object, i.e., internal sphere, on a materialized 3D-printed version of the model using a tracked pointing tool. Results showed that the learning condition (HMD or DT) did not influence participants’ memory and confidence ratings of the models. In contrast, the model type, that is, whether the model to be recalled was a liver or a pyramid significantly affected participants’ memory about the internal structure of the model. Furthermore, localizing the internal position of the target sphere was also unaffected by participants’ previous experience of the model via HMD or DT. Overall, results provide novel insights on the use of VR in a surgical planning scenario and have paramount implications in medical learning by shedding light on the mental model we make to recall spatial structures.

scholarly journals Convolutional Neural Networks and Geometric Moments to Identify the Bilateral Symmetric Midplane in Facial Skeletons from CT Scans

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Dalvit Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Thomas Richard Jenkyn ◽  
Victor Alexander Carranza
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Intact Side ◽  
Geometric Moments ◽  
The Face

In reconstructive craniofacial surgery, the bilateral symmetry of the midplane of the facial skeleton plays an important role in surgical planning. Surgeons can take advantage of the intact side of the face as a template for the malformed side by accurately locating the midplane to assist in the preparation of the surgical procedure. However, despite its importance, the location of the midline is still a subjective procedure. The aim of this study was to present a 3D technique using a convolutional neural network and geometric moments to automatically calculate the craniofacial midline symmetry of the facial skeleton from CT scans. To perform this task, a total of 195 skull images were assessed to validate the proposed technique. In the symmetry planes, the technique was found to be reliable and provided good accuracy. However, further investigations to improve the results of asymmetric images may be carried out.

Optimizing Outcomes in Neck Lift Surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Gerald O’Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Volumetric Analysis ◽  
Anterior Neck ◽  
Surgical Specimen ◽  
Neck Lift ◽  
Fat Reduction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background In certain patients there is an imbalance between the volume of the anterior neck and the mandibular confines that require reductional sculpting and repositioning of the hyoid to optimize neck lifting procedures. Objectives A quantitative volumetric analysis of impact of the management of supraplatysmal and subplatysmal structures of the neck by comparing surgical specimen was performed to determine the impact of reduction on cervical contouring. Methods In 152 patients undergoing deep cervicoplasty, the frequency of modification of each surgical maneuver and amount of supraplatysmal and subplatysmal volume removed was measured in cubic centimeters using a volume displacement technique. Results The mean volume of total volume remove from the supraplatysmal and subplatysmal planes during deep cervicoplasty was 22.3 cm3 with subplatysmal volume representing 73%. Subplatysmal volume was reduced in 152 patients. Deep fat was reduced in 96% of patients with mean volume of 7 cm3, submandibular glands (76%) with mean volume 6.5cm, anterior digastric muscles (70%) with mean volume 2cm3, peri-hyoid fascia (32%) with mean volume <1cm3 and mylohyoid reduction (14%) with mean volume < 1cm3 in the series. The anterior digastric muscles were plicated to reposition the hyoid in 34% of cases. Supraplatysmal fat reduction was 6.3 cm3 in 40% of patients. Conclusions The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of volume modification of the central neck during deep cervicoplasty. This objective evaluation of neck volume may help guide clinicians in the surgical planning process and provide a foundation for optimizing cervicofacial rejuvenation techniques.

scholarly journals Reliving history: the digital reconstruction of the convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Damiano Aiello ◽  
Cecilia Bolognesi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Digital Reconstruction ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
The City ◽  
Santa Maria

<p class="VARAbstract">Can we preserve cultural heritage and, consequently, the memory of the past? To answer this question, one should look at the digital revolution that the world has gone through in recent decades and analyse the complex and the dialectical relationship between cultural heritage and new technologies. Thanks to these, increasingly accurate reconstructions of archaeological sites and historical monuments are possible. The resulting digital replicas are fundamental to experience and understand cultural heritage in innovative ways: they have complex and dynamic relationships with the original objects. This research paper highlights the importance and the scientific validity of digital replicas aimed at understanding, enhancing and protecting cultural heritage. The study focuses on the virtual reconstruction of the constructive phases, from the mid-15<sup>th</sup> century to date, of one of the most emblematic Gothic-Renaissance buildings in the city of Milan (Italy): the convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, famous worldwide for hosting Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper painting. This site proved to be an ideal case study because of its troubled and little-known history that led to numerous changes over the centuries. Thanks to a methodological approach based on the analysis of the documentary sources and three-dimensional (3D) modelling, it was possible to outline the chronological succession of the convent transformations; the way in which these overlapped the pre-existing structures was described starting from the Renaissance harmonious and organic interventions, to finally reach 18<sup>th</sup>-19<sup>th </sup>centuries inhomogeneous and incompatible additions. Finally, the research was completed by mapping the 3D models based on the sources used and their different levels of accuracy. The 3D models have thus become a valid tool for checking and verifying the reconstruction hypotheses.</p><p class="VARAbstract">Highlights:</p><ul><li><p>The study focused on the virtual reconstruction of the convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, one of the most emblematicGothic-Renaissance buildings in the city of Milan.</p></li><li><p>By combining data from documentary sources, architectural treatises, period photos and digital survey, the mainbuilding phases of the convent, from the 15th century to date, were digitally reconstructed.</p></li><li><p>The 3D models are enriched with information about the accuracy of the digital reconstruction, creating 3D databasesthat can be easily consulted and updated.</p></li></ul>

scholarly journals Surgical management of palatal teratoma (epignathus) with the use of virtual reconstruction and 3D models: a case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 518-523
Author(s):  
Cynthia Minerva Gonzalez-Cantu ◽  
Pablo Juan Moreno-Peña ◽  
Mayela Guadalupe Salazar-Lara ◽  
Pablo Patricio Flores García ◽  
Fernando Félix Montes-Tapia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Mature Teratoma ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Bloc Resection ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction ◽  
Adjacent Structures

Epignathus is a rare congenital orofacial teratoma that arises from the sphenoid region of the palate or the pharynx. It occurs in approximately 1:35,000 to 1:200,000 live births representing 2% to 9% of all teratomas. We present the case of a newborn of 39.4 weeks of gestation with a tumor that occupied the entire oral cavity. The patient was delivered by cesarean section. Oral resection was managed by pediatric surgery. Plastic surgery used virtual 3-dimensional models to establish the extension, and depth of the tumor. Bloc resection and reconstruction of the epignathus were performed. The mass was diagnosed as a mature teratoma associated with cleft lip and palate, nasoethmoidal meningocele that conditions hypertelorism, and a pseudomacrostoma. Tridimensional technology was applied to plan the surgical intervention. It contributed to a better understanding of the relationships between the tumor and the adjacent structures. This optimized the surgical approach and outcome.

scholarly journals Current Practice in Preoperative Virtual and Physical Simulation in Neurosurgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Mussi ◽  
Federico Mussa ◽  
Chiara Santarelli ◽  
Mirko Scagnet ◽  
Francesca Uccheddu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Physical Simulation ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Preoperative Planning ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Anatomical Models ◽  
Standard Clinical Practice

In brain tumor surgery, an appropriate and careful surgical planning process is crucial for surgeons and can determine the success or failure of the surgery. A deep comprehension of spatial relationships between tumor borders and surrounding healthy tissues enables accurate surgical planning that leads to the identification of the optimal and patient-specific surgical strategy. A physical replica of the region of interest is a valuable aid for preoperative planning and simulation, allowing the physician to directly handle the patient’s anatomy and easily study the volumes involved in the surgery. In the literature, different anatomical models, produced with 3D technologies, are reported and several methodologies were proposed. Many of them share the idea that the employment of 3D printing technologies to produce anatomical models can be introduced into standard clinical practice since 3D printing is now considered to be a mature technology. Therefore, the main aim of the paper is to take into account the literature best practices and to describe the current workflow and methodology used to standardize the pre-operative virtual and physical simulation in neurosurgery. The main aim is also to introduce these practices and standards to neurosurgeons and clinical engineers interested in learning and implementing cost-effective in-house preoperative surgical planning processes. To assess the validity of the proposed scheme, four clinical cases of preoperative planning of brain cancer surgery are reported and discussed. Our preliminary results showed that the proposed methodology can be applied effectively in the neurosurgical clinical practice both in terms of affordability and in terms of simulation realism and efficacy.

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