3D models related to the publication: Re-description of the braincase of the rebbachisaurid sauropod Limaysaurus tessonei and novel endocranial information based on CT scans

MorphoMuseuM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e130
Author(s):  
Ariana Paulina-Carabajal ◽  
Jorge Calvo
Keyword(s):  
3D Models ◽  
Ct Scans

scholarly journals Three Dimensional Weightbearing CT Assessment of Metatarsal Osteotomies for Hallux Valgus Correction

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0015
Author(s):  
Jarrett D. Cain ◽  
Jordan T. Stolle ◽  
Sorin Siegler
Keyword(s):  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Axial Plane ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
3D Measurements ◽  
2D And 3D

Category: Bunion; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Hallux valgus (HV) is a tri-plane deformity of the foot corresponding to a medial deviation of the first metatarsal and a lateral deviation of the hallux. Understanding key angles between bones, as well as how these deformity changes in each plane, is critical to generating pre-operative insights into the most effective surgical correction of the deformity. While two- dimenional (2D) imaging can provide some information; utilizing three-dimensional (3D) imaging can include more precise and accurate measures of hallux valgus. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the metatarsal osteotomies for correction of hallux valgus deformity in axial, coronal and sagittal plane with 2D and 3D measurements with the hypothesis that 3D measurements will provide greater accuracy of pre and post surgical changes Methods: Ten cadaveric specimens were selected and weight-bearing CT scans were taken pre operatively with an applied an axial load of 80 pounds. Midshaft osteotomies were then performed on the cadaveric specimens followed by weight-bearing CT scans taken post-operatively.3D models of the pre-operative and post-operative specimens were created and differences in pre and post operative changes were analyzed using conventional 2D and 3D models of the first metatarsal (M1), second metatarsal (M2), fifth metatarsal (M5), and proximal phalanx of the hallux (PP1) using a paired student t-test. Quantitative examination of foot and ankle offset (FAO) alignment along with congruity of first metatarsal phalangeal and first tarsometatarsal joints Results: 3D measurements of the Inter-Metatarsal (IM) Angle, was 12.3 degrees pre-opeative and 10.4 degrees post-operative with no significant differences in all three planes while the M1M5 Angle, measured between the principle axes of the first metatarsal and fifth metatarsal was 25.3 degrees pre-operative and 22.0 degrees post-operative were statistically significant with the greatest change in the axial plane. 2D measurements of the hallux valgus angle, measured the longitudineal axes of the first metatarsal and proximal phalange of the hallux was 22.6 degrees pre opereative and 21.7 degrees post opereative with no statistical difference while the metatarsal parabola, measured in two dimensions projected onto the axial plane was 157.1 degrees before and 141.5 degrees after surgery was statistical significant. Conclusion: When comparing 2D and 3D pre and post surgical hallux valgus values, the only significant differences were identified in the absolute M1M5 values in the axial plane and a significant change was also observed in the metatarsal parabola angle. While the metatarsal parabola angle are sensitive measures, these results suggest that the M1 M5 angle allows for precise, efficient measurements in axial, coronal and sagittal planes that is previously unknown through two-dimensional radiographic measurements for quantifying the effect of metatarsal osteotomies on hallux valgus

scholarly journals Evaluating 3D-printed models of coronary anomalies: a survey among clinicians and researchers at a university hospital in the UK

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e025227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Lee ◽  
Sarah Moharem-Elgamal ◽  
Rylan Beckingham ◽  
Mark Hamilton ◽  
Nathan Manghat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiac Ct ◽  
3D Models ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Kawasaki Syndrome ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Coronary Artery Anomalies ◽  
Coronary Artery Anatomy ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Uk

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of three-dimensional (3D) printing models of coronary artery anomalies based on cardiac CT data and explore their potential for clinical applications.DesignCardiac CT datasets of patients with various coronary artery anomalies (n=8) were retrospectively reviewed and processed, reconstructing detailed 3D models to be printed in-house with a desktop 3D printer (Form 2, Formlabs) using white resin.SettingA University Hospital (division of cardiology) in the UK.ParticipantsThe CT scans, first and then 3D-printed models were presented to groups of clinicians (n=8) and cardiovascular researchers (n=9).InterventionParticipants were asked to assess different features of the 3D models and to rate the models’ overall potential usefulness.Outcome measuresModels were rated according to clarity of anatomical detail, insight into the coronary abnormality, overall perceived usefulness and comparison to CT scans. Assessment of model characteristics used Likert-type questions (5-point scale from ‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree’) or a 10-point rating (from 0, lowest, to 10, highest). The questionnaire included a feedback form summarising overall usefulness. Participants’ imaging experience (in a number of years) was also recorded.ResultsAll models were reconstructed and printed successfully, with accurate details showing coronary anatomy (eg, anomalous coronary artery, coronary roofing or coronary aneurysm in a patient with Kawasaki syndrome). All clinicians and researchers provided feedback, with both groups finding the models helpful in displaying coronary artery anatomy and abnormalities, and complementary to viewing 3D CT scans. The clinicians’ group, who had substantially more imaging expertise, provided more enthusiastic ratings in terms of models’ clarity, usefulness and future use on average.Conclusions3D-printed heart models can be feasibly used to recreate coronary artery anatomy and enhance understanding of coronary abnormalities. Future studies can evaluate their cost-effectiveness, as well as potentially explore other printing techniques and materials.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Accuracy of WATCHMAN and WATCHMAN FLX Device Sizing between CT, TEE, and Patient Specific 3D Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivette Troitino ◽  
T. Eric White ◽  
John Lozo
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Intraoperative Complications ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Device Size ◽  
Actual Size

Background and Hypothesis: In patients with Atrial fibrillation (AF), the Left Atrial Appendage (LAA) is the most common site of thrombus formation. The LAA occlusion procedure using the WATCHMAN device implant is an alternative for stroke prevention in AF patients. Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) and Computed tomography (CT) scans aid in measuring the LAA to predict implant device sizes. However, due to varying LAA anatomy and limited spatial resolution, the current imaging techniques often predict one of two sized devices. The objective of this retrospective study is to compare the accuracy of measurements made preoperatively of the LAA with those on 3D models to determine if they can be used in preoperative planning. We hypothesize 3D models will be more accurate in predicting device size and any anatomical impediments than traditional TEE planning. Project Methods: There were 21 subjects selected who underwent the WATCHMAN FLX procedure at Parkview Heart Institute in 2021. 3D models of LAA were created from CT scans using a Form 2 3D printer. The device sizes predicted for the procedure were determined from Boston Scientific FLX guidelines based on the maximum LAA orifice diameter from TEE, CT, and 3D models. Results: Two-proportion z-test between the 3D model predicted sizes to the actual size deployed demonstrated no statistical significance (p=0.298) demonstrating no difference between 3D model predicted sizes and actual size deployed. Two-proportion z-test between TEE vs actual size and CT vs actual size demonstrated statistical significance, suggesting a difference between the group's predictions. 3D models predicted the accurate device size for 20/21(95%) subjects. TEE measurements of maximum orifice diameter were, on average, lower compared to CT and 3D model measurements. Conclusion and Potential Impact: 3D printed models provide the most accurate device size predictions and can be used to optimize presurgical planning while reducing intraoperative complications.

scholarly journals Digital Copies for Anthropological Research: Virtual Models and Databases

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
T.A. Syutkina ◽  
R.M. Galeev
Keyword(s):  
3D Models ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Digital Collections ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Virtual Models ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Virtual Anthropology ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Characteristics

In the last two decades, a large number of anthropological papers have been focused on digital copies of pa-laeoanthropological materials rather than original skeletal remains. According to some foreign scholars, “virtual anthropology” has taken a shape of a separate field of anthropological science. One of the main advantages of “virtual anthropology” is the possibility to develop databases, datasets, digital collections and catalogues accessi-ble to the scientific community worldwide. Digitization of research objects facilitates organizational side of studies, provides access to wider data, expands the toolkit of available research methods, and also provides safety to the original materials. At the same time, the variability of types of virtual models along with the absence of generally accepted protocols complicate verification of morphometric and structures data. The main goal of this review pa-per is to structure the available information on virtual palaeoanthropological databases and the materials they contain. 3D-scanning technologies can be generally divided into surface scanning (including photogrammetry) and tomographic scanning. The first group of technologies provide 3D models of the shape of an object, accurate enough to be used in morphometric studies if resolution of the equipment is adequate for the size of the object and aims of the study. The second group is designed to scan the whole form of an object, which allows the ex-amination of its internal structures or tissues, small surface structures or dental material. Both methods have their strengths and weaknesses: while surface scans are cheaper and easier to obtain, CT scans provide information unavailable from the former technique. Assessment of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of digital copies depends on objectives of the study. The article provides an overview of 17 databases of virtual paleoanthro-pological models, which comprise either surface or CT scans, or both. These materials can be used in various fields of study, including human evolution, primatology, palaeoanthropology, palaeopathology, forensic science, human anatomy, as well as in teaching of these subjects. For each collection, approximate number of objects and terms of use have been specified.

scholarly journals Regional Symmetry of the Pelvis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-54
Author(s):  
Sarah McClelland ◽  
Samantha Polege ◽  
David Li ◽  
Maha Ead ◽  
Lindsey Westover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Pelvic Fractures ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Acetabular Cup ◽  
Pubic Rami ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction ◽  
Colour Deviation

Understanding the left-right symmetry of the pelvis can assist with the virtual reconstruction of fractured pelvises in the future. Further specifying the different regions can give more information regarding the anatomy of the bone. CT scans of intact pelvises are turned into 3D models using a computer program called Mimics. The femurs and spine are removed manually to isolate the bone. The model can then be analyzed and the regions defined. The pelvis is split into three pieces using the program Geomagic, the iliac, acetabular, and pubic rami regions. The two cuts are made based around the highest and lowest points of the acetabular cup. From here each cut piece can be mirrored and aligned with the opposing side of the pelvis. Colour deviation maps can then be generated to visualize the asymmetry, as well as the RMS value and the percentage of points within a 2 mm deviation threshold. The average RMS values are below 2 mm and the percentage of points within 2 mm is high. My research reflects that the pelvis is symmetrical and may be used to assist in the surgical planning process of pelvic fractures.

scholarly journals The Manufacturing of 3D Printed models for the Neurotraumatological Education of Military Surgeons

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (11-12) ◽  
pp. e2013-e2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Duda ◽  
Lisa Meyer ◽  
Eugen Musienko ◽  
Sascha Hartig ◽  
Tobias Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Model Quality ◽  
Neurosurgical Department ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Visible Lesion ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract Introduction When deployed abroad, military surgeons frequently have to deal with casualties involving head trauma. The emergency treatments, as well as craniotomies, are often performed by non-neurosurgeons qualified with basic neurotraumatological skills. Previous neurotrauma courses for education of non-neurosurgeons in Germany teach surgical emergency skills but do not include the training of skills needed to successfully utilize imaging in surgical planning, which is of importance for the safety and success of the treatment. To overcome these limitations, 3D printed models of neurotrauma cases were fabricated for application in the training of non-neurosurgeons. Materials and Methods Five models of actual neurotrauma cases from our neurosurgical department were segmented from CT scans and 3D printed using multi-part fused deposition modeling. Model quality was assessed with respect to the representation of pre-defined anatomical landmarks. The models were then fixed to a wooden mount with a central light source and covered by a latex mask for skin simulation. Surgical planning by means of craniometric measurements on the basis of available CT scans of the corresponding patients was then applied to the model. Results The 3D printed models precisely represented the cranium, the lesion, and anatomical landmarks, which are taken into consideration during surgical planning. Surface covering with washable latex masks ensured sufficient masking of the now non-noticeable lesion within the semi-translucent skull. Surgical planning was performed using washable marker drawings. When lighted, the otherwise non-visible lesion within the semi-translucent 3D printed craniums became visible and facilitated immediate success control for the course participants. Conclusion The presented method provided a way to fabricate precise 3D models of neurotrauma cases, which are suitable to teach the application of medical imaging in surgical planning. For further benefit analysis, the application of the presented education tool needs to be investigated within a neurotrauma course.

Bone density measurements from CT scans may predict the healing capacity of scaphoid waist fractures

2020 ◽  
Vol 102-B (9) ◽  
pp. 1200-1209
Author(s):  
Satoshi Miyamura ◽  
Jonathan Lans ◽  
Janice J. He ◽  
Tsuyoshi Murase ◽  
Jesse B. Jupiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bone Density Measurement ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Scaphoid Fractures

Aims We quantitatively compared the 3D bone density distributions on CT scans performed on scaphoid waist fractures subacutely that went on to union or nonunion, and assessed whether 2D CT evaluations correlate with 3D bone density evaluations. Methods We constructed 3D models from 17 scaphoid waist fracture CTs performed between four to 18 weeks after fracture that did not unite (nonunion group), 17 age-matched scaphoid waist fracture CTs that healed (union group), and 17 age-matched control CTs without injury (control group). We measured the 3D bone density for the distal and proximal fragments relative to the triquetrum bone density and compared findings among the three groups. We then performed bone density measurements using 2D CT and evaluated the correlation with 3D bone densities. We identified the optimal cutoff with diagnostic values of the 2D method to predict nonunion with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results In the nonunion group, both the distal (100.2%) and proximal (126.6%) fragments had a significantly higher bone density compared to the union (distal: 85.7%; proximal: 108.3%) or control groups (distal: 91.6%; proximal: 109.1%) using the 3D bone density measurement, which were statistically significant for all comparisons. 2D measurements were highly correlated to 3D bone density measurements (Spearman’s correlation coefficient (R) = 0.85 to 0.95). Using 2D measurements, ROC curve analysis revealed the optimal cutoffs of 90.8% and 116.3% for distal and proximal fragments. This led to a sensitivity of 1.00 if either cutoff is met and a specificity of 0.82 when both cutoffs are met. Conclusion Using 3D modelling software, nonunions were found to exhibit bone density increases in both the distal and proximal fragments in CTs performed between four to 18 weeks after fracture during the course of treatment. 2D bone density measurements using standard CT scans correlate well with 3D models. In patients with scaphoid fractures, CT bone density measurements may be useful in predicting the likelihood of nonunion. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(9):1200–1209.

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