scholarly journals Accelerated 2D FWI using the symmetry on inner product spaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reynaldo Fabian Noriega ◽  
Sergio Alberto Abreo- Carillo ◽  
Ana Beatríz Ramírez- Silva
Keyword(s):  
Execution Time ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Waveform Inversion ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Inner Product ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Common Technique ◽  
The Difference

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a common technique used in the oil and gas industry due to its capabilities to estimate subsurface characteristics such as material’s density and sound velocity with high resolution. The 2D time domain FWI method involves the modeling of the forward wavefield of the source and the backpropagated field of the difference between the modeled and observed data. Therefore, due to its high computational cost in terms of RAM consumption and execution time, the High Performance Computing (HPC) field is very useful to deal with these problems. There are computational state-of-the-art solutions that allow to increase the execution time such as the parallel programming paradigm that involves the use of multicore processor systems. Furthermore, there are mathematical solutions leveraging on the properties of the algorithm used that make it possible to enhance performance of the method. We propose in this paper a new way to compute the FWI gradient, by taking advantage of an inner product property. Additionally, a computational strategy is combined with this proposal in the inversion scheme, thus improving FWI performance.

Assessing Low-Constraint Fracture Toughness Test Methods Using Clamped SENT Specimens

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-Kui Zhu ◽  
Tom McGaughy
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Fracture Toughness Test ◽  
Single Edge ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
End Conditions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low Constraint

Abstract The low-constraint fracture toughness can be measured using a single edge-notched tension (SENT) specimen in the clamped-end conditions. The SENT specimen has been used in the oil and gas industry in the strain-based design and the crack assessment for transmission pipelines. Since 2006 when DNV published the first SENT test practice, many investigations have been done, and various SENT test methods were developed, including CANMET and ExxonMobil methods in terms of the J-integral and CTOD. The effort led to the first SENT test standard BS 8571 being published in 2014. However, the experimental evaluation methods remain in developing, and different methods may determine inconsistent results. For this reason, the present paper gives a brief review on SENT fracture testing and assesses the available test methods, including progresses on study of stress intensity factor, geometric eta factors, elastic compliance equation, and constraint m factor as well. The difference between J-converted CTOD and double clip gage measured CTOD is also discussed. On those bases, agreements and challenges in SENT testing are identified. The results provide a direction for further investigation to improve the current SENT test methods.

scholarly journals Uranine as a Tracer in the Oil and Gas Industry: Determination in Formation Waters with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3082
Author(s):  
Anna Król ◽  
Monika Gajec ◽  
Ewa Kukulska-Zając
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Formation Water ◽  
Gas Industry

In the oil and gas industry, tracers are used to estimate residual oil saturation, to indicate the location and orientation of fractures in tight reservoirs, to identify and mark the direction of fluid flow in fractured deposits, to locate faults and discontinuities, and to measure fluid movement in injection wells during drilling. The tracers should behave in a mechanically similar manner to the tested substance, e.g., formation waters, oil or gas, and, on the other hand, they should significantly differ from them in terms of chemical properties so that it is possible to identify them. One of the fluorescent tracers used in the oil and gas industry, e.g., for inter-well tests during secondary or tertiary production methods (especially during reservoir hydration), is uranine. In order to assess the effectiveness of fluid movement measurements, it is necessary to determine the uranine content in formation waters. In this study, a method was developed to determine uranine in formation water samples using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC/FLD). The initial step in preparing samples for chromatographic analysis would be solid phase extraction (SPE). The method was validated and allows for the determination of uranine in formation water samples in the concentration range from 0.030 to 2.80 µg/L. The validation of the method included the analysis of factors influencing the measurement result (sources of uncertainty), determination of the linearity range of the standard curve, determination of the quantification limit of the method, and verification of the reproducibility, selectivity, stability and correctness achieved. The method developed within the study can be successfully applied in the case of the determination of uranine content in formation water samples from the oil and gas mining industry, which are often unstable and characterized by a relatively complex matrix. After validation, the method will also be applicable to the determination of uranine in matrices with a similar physicochemical composition, e.g., to assess groundwater flow in deformed carbonate aquifers or to characterize faults that act as barriers to horizontal groundwater flow.

scholarly journals Review of Python Applications in Solving Oil and Gas Problems

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Edet Ita Okon ◽  
Dulu Appah ◽  
Joseph A. Ajienka
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Production Operation ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Computing Services ◽  
Number Of Publications

Python has grown in popularity throughout various industries, corporations, universities, government, and research groups. Its true potential to automate various processes while increased predictability capabilities have been noticed in various industries. The petroleum industry is at the beginning phase of applying it to solve oil and gas problems. The rise in its popularity in the oil and gas industry is due to the digital transformation such as sensors and high-performance computing services that enable artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), big data acquisition, and storage in digital oilfields. A quick search on the number of publications in the oil and gas industry with the Society of Petroleum Engineers (OnePetro) in the past few years attests to this fact. Hence, it has proven to be a promising application that can bring about a revolutionary change in the oil and gas industry and transform the existing features for solving oil and gas problems. This will help the production and reservoir engineers to better manage the production operation without any need for expensive software. It will also reduce the overall operating cost and increase revenue.

scholarly journals Compact GPU-based Visualization Method for High-resolution ResultingData of Unstable Oil Displacement Simulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Петр Тимохин ◽  
Petr Timokhin ◽  
Михаил Михайлюк ◽  
Mikhail Mikhaylyuk
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Video Memory ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil Displacement ◽  
Memory Overhead ◽  
Virtual Laboratories ◽  
Visualization Software ◽  
Educational Applications

In the paper the task of real-time synthesis of quality images of resulting data obtained in simulation of unstable oil displacement from porous media is considered. A new, GPU-based method to construct and visualize on UltraHD screens a polygonal model of the isosurface of the saturation of displacing liquid was proposed. The method is based on distributing and parallelizing of «marching cubes» threads between GPU cores by means of programmable tessellation. As initial graphic primitives, quadrangular parametric patches are used, the processing of which on the GPU is high-performance and has low video memory overhead. The proposed method was implemented in visualization software and successfully tested. The proposed solution can be used in researches in oil and gas industry as well as in virtual environment systems, virtual laboratories, scientific and educational applications, etc.

IEC 61511—functional safety in the process industry: the prominence of validation and verification in the lifecycle of a safety instrumented system

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Andrew Derbyshire
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Process Industry ◽  
Functional Safety ◽  
Validation And Verification ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Cherry Picking ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Correct Understanding ◽  
Verification Strategy

As the concept of risk management has gathered momentum in the oil and gas industry during the past decade, so to has the adoption of IEC 61511, the internationally recognised standard for functional safety in the process industry. IEC 61511 is a risk-based standard that uses the concept of an electrical/electronic/programmable electronic based control system to implement autonomous means of risk reduction against a pre-defined unwanted hazardous deviation in a process. While IEC 61511 has been in existence for more than a decade, the correct understanding and implementation of the standard to derive an effective demonstrate of compliance is still debatable. The standard follows a cradle-to-grave approach to the lifecycle of any safety instrumented system and, unlike other standards where cherry-picking of the requirements may be carried out, IEC 61511 necessitates a demonstration of compliance to all lifecycle phases and their associated requirements. The author of this peer-reviewed paper is fully aware of how difficult-to-digest the subject is; therefore, this paper on the prominence of validation and verification is presented in a pictorial, unambiguous and easy-to-digest manner while paying particular attention to the requirements defined for validation and verification in the standard. The topic of validation and verification in the overall lifecycle of IEC 61511 will be covered by the following questions: What is the difference between validation and verification in the context of IEC 61511? What is the difference between verification against IEC 61511 and IEC 61508? When should planning for validation and verification happen? When should validation and verification be carried out? What are the implications of not carrying out validation and verification? How does validation and verification fit into the wider context of the IEC 61511 lifecycle? What level of independence is required for validation and verification? The paper will also attempt to provide a practical example of how to implement an effective validation and verification strategy into an overall Functional Safety Plan to give the reader a clearer understanding of the obligations toward demonstrating compliance.

Explosion risk on offshore and onshore facilities—is there an explosion risk problem or an explosion modelling problem?

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Ingar Fossan ◽  
Sverre Nodland
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Industry Practice ◽  
Ultimate Outcome ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Explosion Risk

Management of the risk related to the loss of containment of flammable fluid is paramount to ensure safe operations at facilities processing or storing flammable fluids. According to best industry practice, an extensive set of safety functions—including measures that reduce the frequency of initiating events (e.g. leaks) and measures that mitigate consequences in case of ignition—are implemented in design to control the risk. Adopting the risk-based design principles that are commonly enforced in the oil and gas industry, the performance of implemented safety barriers are assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively using different methodologies such as hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP), failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), and quantitative risk analysis (QRA). The ultimate outcome from the QRA methodology is used to assess the overall risk level as well as to assess dimensioning accidental loads (DALs) for equipment and structures that will ensure a design that is within the tolerable risk level set for the facility. An accurate assessment of DALs resulting from fires and explosion is crucial to manage both the risk and corresponding cost driving factors. The most critical safety barrier in this regard is to minimise leaks and thereafter to prevent ignition of the dispersed flammable fluid. A fundamental safety design principle is to find ways to avoid the occurrence of incidents rather than implement measures that mitigate consequences. This peer-reviewed paper demonstrates the significance of modelling the safety functions that are in place to ensure that the initial leak does not ignite by presenting a case example for different layouts of a conventional jacket installation with gas turbines. It is concluded that the difference between various available ignition models can be more prominent than the uncertainty related to any other model element in the QRA. To uncover potential hazards not reflected by the model and identify optimal control measures, the effect of the ignition model applied should be investigated in detail for installations where the QRA displays a prominent fire and explosion frequency.

Control to Assurance – A Re-Imagined Health Safety and Environment HSE Leadership in the Oil and Gas Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Okenyi ◽  
Ejiro Ogbodu ◽  
Abayomi Apena ◽  
Olalekan Olagunju
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Leadership Practice ◽  
Leadership Model ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Match Theory ◽  
Performance Results

Abstract The importance of HSE in oil and gas activities especially in drilling operations cannot be overemphasized. Over the years, many systems of how to reduce and eliminate HSE challenges in our operations have been implemented. These systems keep changing to meet goal zero target. Despite the implementation and the published advances in HSE approaches and tools, HSE performance continues to be at least one incident above target which is Goal Zero. This paper is focused on identifying if the Best Value Approach (BVA) can be modified into a HSE leadership model to help HSE leaders, frontline barrier leaders with delivering GOAL ZERO. This paper specifically focuses on identifying the unique practice of the BVA that has generated a significant amount of documented high-performance results in the procurement of services and project management. This paper will translate this proven performance to HSE leadership. The paper will match this theory with a current HSE leadership practice of Assist and Assure in Shell. The aim, match theory to practice and then to theory and then produce a concept that will help HSE leaders optimise the implementation of the Assist and Assure Process.

scholarly journals MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY OF FRACTURE TOUGHNESS KIC TEST

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Daniel Antonio Kapper FABRICIO ◽  
Lisiane TREVISAN ◽  
Telmo Roberto STROHAECKER
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Uncertainty In Measurement ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Combined Uncertainty

Quality monitoring of production processes, from raw material to final product, enables decision-making and quality assurance of the product. The KIC value is a property of brittle metallic materials, which present limited amount of plastic deformation at the crack tip under linear-elastic conditions. In the field of ​​mechanical testing, it is important to obtain fracture toughness properties, including KIC parameter, because the oil and gas industry requires high performance materials even in severe conditions. The Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) represents a methodology for the estimation of measurement uncertainty in quantitative tests, and is based on the law of propagation of uncertainties. This work presents the deployment and application of GUM steps in the estimation of the KIC measurement uncertainty. The results were analyzed in order to check which sources contributed most to the combined uncertainty, concluding that the largest contribution was due to the variability between specimens. We expect, with this work, to encourage other laboratories to implement GUM for fracture toughness tests, and also to fill a literature gap in this field.

scholarly journals Surface Corrosion Grade Classification using Convolution Neural Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 7645-7649 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Surface Corrosion ◽  
Manual Inspection ◽  
Grade Classification ◽  
Common Technique ◽  
Acidic Nature ◽  
Non Destructive

Corrosion is a prevalent issue in the oil and gas industry. Usually, pipelines made of Iron are used for oil and gas transportation. The pipelines are large and distributed over big fields above the ground, underground and even underwater. Corrosion gets developed because of environmental variables such as temperature, humidity and acidic nature of the liquids. There are different techniques for detecting and monitoring corrosion development, both destructive and non-destructive. Visual inspection is a common technique of surface corrosion analysis, but manual inspection is extremely dependent on the inspecting person’s abilities and expertise. The findings of the manual inspection are qualitative and may be biased, may result into the accidents because of incorrect analysis. Corrosion must be accurately detected in early phases to prevent unwanted accidents. This paper will present a computer vision-based approach in combination with deep learning for corrosion classification as perISO-8501 standard. The findings of the assessment are unbiased and in a fair acceptable range similar to the outcomes of the visual inspection

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