scholarly journals Combinations of Injunctions and Personality Types Determining Forms of Self-Destructive Behaviour in Alcohol-Dependent Clients: Findings of a Russian Observational Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitri Shustov ◽  
Olga Tuchina ◽  
Sergei Novikov ◽  
Ilya Fedotov
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Treatment ◽  
Russian Version ◽  
Questionnaire Version ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Personality Patterns ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

This observational study, conducted 2009-2012 with 190 male out-patient clients diagnosed with alcohol dependence and receiving psychotherapeutic treatment in Ryazan, Russia, investigated whether the patterns of self-destructive behaviours exhibited by the subjects were linked to their Personality Types and which combinations of injunctions were reflected in their main personality traits.Self-destructive behaviour was measured according to the 7 Alcoholic Self-Destructiveness Dimensions (ASD) (Shustov 2005); data on alcohol abuse and preferred ASD were gathered through semi-structured interview; personality patterns and psychosocial functioning were assessed by means of clinical observation, semi-structured interview, the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire: Version 4+ (Hyler, 1994) (Russian version) and ICD-10 criteria except for Narcissistic Disorder diagnosed according to DSM-IV; 12 injunctions were assessed with The Drego Injunction Scale (Drego, 1994) (Russian version).When correlations were analysed, it was found that injunctions had a significant impact on the hamartic alcoholic script of the out-patient alcohol-dependent clients on the following continuum: Don’t Be, Don’t Think, Don’t Be a Child, Don’t Trust, Don’t Feel, Don’t Grow Up; client personality types had direct relationship with specific injunction patterns. Personality Types mediated the Alcoholic Self-Destructiveness Dimensions: the Classical Suicidal Dimension being associated with Borderline personality traits; Antisocial with the Antisocial personality; and Professional with the Narcissistic Personality.

Comorbidity among alcohol and tobacco dependent patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
A. Zoghlami ◽  
D. Blauensteiner ◽  
O. Scheibenbogen ◽  
S. Zadro-Jäger ◽  
M. Musalek
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Withdrawal Therapy ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Drug Use Disorder ◽  
Group Allocation ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

IntroductionPsychiatric concomitant diseases are common with alcohol and tobacco dependent patients. Few studies have compared comorbidities between alcohol dependent smokers and non-smokers.AimsThe aim of this study is to examine the pattern of psychiatric comorbidity among alcohol dependent smokers in an inpatient alcohol therapy unit.Material and methodAfter successfully completing withdrawal therapy, subjects between the ages of 18–65 years who meet the ICD 10 criteria for alcohol dependence and no criteria for other drug use disorder except smoking, and who were participating in an inpatient treatment program for alcohol dependence at Anton Proksch Institut were included.ResultsThis is a preliminary analysis of the survey. In total 81 patients could be examined. 53.1% of the interviewed subjects were female and 46.9% male. The explored samples age ranged from 21–66 years.74.1% of the questioned subjects were smokers, 60% of these patients smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day.Preliminary analysis shows that smoking alcohol dependent patients present a higher comorbidity rate than non-smokers but above all they show a tendency to increased anxiety disorders. Within the population of smokers 48.3% suffer from an anxiety disorder, 48.3% from depression and dysthymia, 12.1% from manic and hypomanic disorder and 5.2% from psychosis. These differences are not clinically significant. This can be explained by the small number of the sample and by the group allocation.ConclusionAlcohol addicted patients exhibit heightened psychiatric comorbidity. Smoking alcohol dependents are more frequently affected and have a disposition to psychiatric disorders.

Schizophrenic Patients in Different Treatment Settings During the Era of Deinstitutionalization: Three-Year Follow-Up of Three Discharge Cohorts in Finland

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teija Honkonen ◽  
Hasse Karlsson ◽  
Anna-Maija Koivisto ◽  
Eija Stengård ◽  
Raimo K.R. Salokangas
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Global Assessment Scale ◽  
Use Of Services ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Somatic State ◽  
Treatment Settings

Objective: We investigated differences in psychosocial and clinical characteristics, as well as the use of services, of schizophrenic patients in different treatment settings three years after their discharge from a psychiatric hospital. Furthermore, we examined secular changes in these phenomena during the era of rapid deinstitutionalization in Finland. Method: Three nationally representative samples comprised 3257 schizophrenic patients who had been discharged in 1986, 1990 and 1994. The patients were interviewed three years after discharge by each district's psychiatric professionals using a structured interview schedule specifically designed for the purposes of the present study. Psychosocial functioning was assessed on the Global Assessment Scale and on a modified version of the Medical Research Council Practices Profile. Results: In the 1990s, more patients with a poor clinical and psychosocial state were transferred from hospital to alternative outpatient facilities, such as sheltered workshops or supported residences. In successive cohorts, the proportion of patients who had dropped out of treatment decreased and the psychiatric and somatic state of the drop-outs improved. Conclusion: In general, the psychiatric treatment system has worked well for most deinstitutionalized patients. In the future, however, it is important that the quality of care and adequate resources in the alternative outpatient facilities are ensured.

An Observational Study on Diagnoses of 3,233 Gulf Veterans (Op Granby 1990-91) who attended the Ministry of Defence’s Medical Assessment Programme 1993-2004

2005 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Bale ◽  
H. A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Medical Assessment ◽  
Gulf War Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
Assessment Programme ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Medically Unexplained

SummaryBackgroundThis is the result of an observational study on 3,233 Gulf veterans who have attended our medical assessment programme. We wanted to determine as a result of in-depth interviews, full medical examination and appropriate investigations, whether there was any unique Gulf war related medical condition.MethodsOver a period of 10 years, 3,233 veterans have been assessed. All diagnoses have been made according to ICD-10 classifications. All psychiatric diagnoses have been confirmed by consultant psychiatrists.Findings75% of veterans were well. Of the 25% unwell, 83% of ill health was accounted for by a psychiatric disorder. 3% of veterans had organic conditions which could be linked to Gulf deployment. The most common of these were respiratory disorders, followed by digestive disorders, injuries and skin disorders. Only 11 of these cases could be linked to the use of medical countermeasures. A further, 51 cases (41 respiratory disorders, 6 infections, 2 skin disorders and 2 eye conditions) could be linked to environmental conditions.InterpretationAll veterans seen with health problems could be identified as per ICD-10 classification of disease. We did not find any medically unexplained conditions. We found no evidence of a unique ‘Gulf War Syndrome’.

scholarly journals Exercise as an Add-on Strategy for the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Rocha Rocca ◽  
José Celio da Rocha Lima Filho ◽  
Rafael Barbosa Roque Pesconi ◽  
Déborah Alvim Monteiro Batista Alves ◽  
João Victor Coutinho Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Prevention Of Relapse

Abstract Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe, recurrent and chronic disorder associated with cognitive impairment, reduction in quality of life and substantially reduction in psychosocial functioning. It presents high rates of comorbidity with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Individuals with bipolar disorder need to focus their attention and treatment on mental and physical health. Physical exercise is often recommended in bipolar disorder, based on extrapolation from the major depressive disorder literature, theory and clinical expertise. However, studies tend to exclude individuals with BD or make no distinction between diagnostic groups, which leads to heterogeneity and difficulty in generalizing the results. The aim of this review is to evaluate the role of physical exercise as an intervention in bipolar disorder treatment. Method: The study populations must be humans, aged 18 years or older, with a clinical diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder (BD) according to a recognised widely-used diagnostic classification approach, confirmed with a structured interview. We will evaluate two main outcomes (mood symptoms improvement and functioning) and an additional outcome (prevention of relapse/recurrence). The search strategy will be based on the PICOS framework, using medical subject headings, on the following databases: MEDLINE (via Pubmed), EMBASE, CENTRAL, SPORTDiscus (via EBSCO), PsycINFO (via APA) and OpenGrey Repository. Selection and data collection process will be carried out by two authors, independently. Risk of bias and quality of evidence will be graded acording ROB-2 and GRADE. We will present a narrative and quantitative synthesis of the results from the included studies. Regarding quantitative data, we will extract means (M) and standard deviations (SD), when available, to calculate the standardised mean difference (SMD). Effects size will be calculated using SMD and 95% confidence interval and heterogeneity will be assessed. Subgroup analysis will be conducted to explore heterogeneity across studies depending on quality and quantity of the data extracted.Discussion: To date, there wasn't a systematic review with only randomized controlled trials on effects of physical activity on BD. Because of this, we will conduct this systematic review trying to estabilish the effects of exercise on mood, functionality and prevention of relapse.Registration: submitted

Prevalência de arritmias em estudantes da área da saúde

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gabryelle Daghetti ◽  
Julia Maria Fujii Kato ◽  
Daniele Bruch ◽  
Juliano Mendes Souza
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Cardiovascular Changes ◽  
Emotional Demand ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Nursing Courses

This observational study analyzed the prevalence of arrhythmias in healthcare students using a retrospective cohort of quantitative approach. The research was carried out with the application of a structured interview and an electrocardiogram. Students from pharmacy, biomedicine,medicine, psychology, and nursing courses participated. A higher prevalence of arrhythmias was demonstrated in medical students with no statistical significance. What groups had in common was the presence of symptoms that may or may not be related to cardiovascular changes, such as dizziness and palpitation, which may be directly related to the high emotional demand from academic activities overload.

scholarly journals Music Therapy as Treatment of Negative Symptoms for Adult Patients Diagnosed with Schizophrenia—Study Protocol for a Randomized, Controlled and Blinded Study

Medicines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Inge Pedersen ◽  
Lars Bonde ◽  
Niels Hannibal ◽  
Jimmy Nielsen ◽  
Jørgen Aagaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
National Board ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
System A ◽  
Cochrane Reviews ◽  
Danish Health ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
General Functioning

Background: Three Cochrane reviews show that music therapy has a positive effect on schizophrenia concerning general functioning and positive/negative symptoms. This study aims to replicate these results in the Danish health system, a requirement for recommendation in guidelines from the Danish National Board of Health. Methods: The study is a randomized, controlled multi-site study, with a blinded design, aiming to include 90 participants who are 18–65 years in age, diagnosed according to ICD-10 with a schizophrenia diagnosis. The participants are randomized to one of two different music therapy activities for 25 weekly sessions. The study interventions are added to standard care. Outcome measures are rated at baseline, after 15 sessions and post therapy. A qualitative interview is performed as a one month follow up at the end of study. The primary intended outcome is a reduction in negative symptoms. The secondary intended outcome is progression in quality of life, alliance and psychosocial functioning. Results: As this study is still running, the results are not yet available. Conclusion: The study will investigate the direct effects of music therapy on negative symptoms as part of schizophrenia in a blinded, randomized trial. If proven effective, music therapy can be added to the small treatment armamentarium of effective therapies for negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

Activity/Disengagement Revisited: Personality Types in the Aged

1983 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Bennett Gaber
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Personality Patterns

SummaryDifferent patterns of personality in old age were examined in an aged community sample of 82 subjects (mean age 79.6 years). Four personality patterns in old age were identified using multivariate techniques. They were the normal, the introverted, the perturbed and the matured integrated. The clinical implications of personality types in old age are discussed; the perturbed group are most likely to develop psychiatric disorder.

scholarly journals Prevalence of dementia according to DSM–III–R and ICD–10

2001 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffi G. Riedel-Heller ◽  
Anja Busse ◽  
Conny Aurich ◽  
Herbert Matschinger ◽  
Matthias C. Angermeyer
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Dementia Diagnosis ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Prevalence Of Dementia

BackgroundThe prevalence of dementia diagnosis according to ICD–10 and DSM–III–R in population surveys remains poorly understood.AimsTo report and compare prevalence rates according to DSM–III–R and ICD–10.MethodA population-based sample (n=1692, age 75+ years) was investigated by a Structured Interview for Diagnosis of Dementia of Alzheimer Type, Multiinfarct Dementia and Dementia of other Aetiology according to DSM–III–R and ICD–10 (SIDAM).ResultsWhereas 17.4% (95% CI=15.9–19.5) of individuals aged 75+ years suffer from dementia according to DSM–III–R, only 12.4% (95% CI=10.6–14.2) are diagnosed as having dementia according to ICD–10. The results revealed lower ICD–10 rates in all investigated age groups. The largest differences appear in the oldest of the elderly.ConclusionsThe ICD–10 sets a higher threshold for dementia diagnosis. Larger differences in the eldest age groups might reflect difficulties in applying case definitions, especially in those beyond 90 years old.

Disturbances of basic self and prodromal symptoms among non-psychotic help-seeking adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1365-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Koren ◽  
N. Reznik ◽  
M. Adres ◽  
R. Scheyer ◽  
A. Apter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prodromal Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Subclinical Psychotic Symptoms

BackgroundThe goal of this study was to explore the notion that anomalies of self-experience (ASE) are a core, ‘not-yet-psychotic’ clinical phenotype of emerging schizophrenia and its spectrum.MethodTo accomplish this goal, we examined the relationship between ASE and commonly accepted risk markers in a sample of 87 help-seeking, non-psychotic adolescents (aged 14–18 years). ASE were assessed with the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE), subclinical psychotic symptoms were assessed with the Prodromal Questionnaire and the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes, deterioration in psychosocial functioning was assessed with the Social and Role Functioning Scales, and level of distress with the Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire.ResultsAbout 82 participants completed the entire EASE interview. The number of participants who reported ASE at a clinically meaningful level (n = 18, 22%) was smaller than that who met diagnostic criteria for a prodromal syndrome (n = 28, 34%). The degree of overlap between the two conditions was moderate but statistically significant (χ2(1) = 7.01, p = 0.008). An exploratory factor analysis revealed that ASE load on a different factor than prodromal symptoms and deterioration in functioning, but that there is a moderate correlation between the three factors.ConclusionsThese results suggest that ASE are prevalent among non-psychotic help-seeking adolescents, yet at a considerably lower rate than prodromal symptoms. In addition, they suggest that ASE and prodromal symptoms constitute distinct but moderately related dimensions of potential risk. Taken together, they provide preliminary support for the clinical usefulness of supplementing and refining the methods of early detection of risk with assessment of ASE.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document