Activity/Disengagement Revisited: Personality Types in the Aged

1983 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Bennett Gaber
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Personality Patterns

SummaryDifferent patterns of personality in old age were examined in an aged community sample of 82 subjects (mean age 79.6 years). Four personality patterns in old age were identified using multivariate techniques. They were the normal, the introverted, the perturbed and the matured integrated. The clinical implications of personality types in old age are discussed; the perturbed group are most likely to develop psychiatric disorder.

scholarly journals Amygdala activation in maltreated children during pre-attentive emotional processing

2013 ◽  
Vol 202 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eamon J. McCrory ◽  
Stéphane A. De Brito ◽  
Philip A. Kelly ◽  
Geoffrey Bird ◽  
Catherine L. Sebastian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Neural Response ◽  
Maltreated Children ◽  
Amygdala Activation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Right

BackgroundChildhood adversity is associated with significantly increased risk of psychiatric disorder. To date, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of children have mainly focused on institutionalisation and investigated conscious processing of affect.AimsTo investigate neural response to pre-attentively presented affect cues in a community sample of children with documented experiences of maltreatment in the home.MethodA masked dot-probe paradigm involving pre-attentive presentation of angry, happy and neutral facial expressions was employed. Eighteen maltreated children were compared with 23 carefully matched non-maltreated peers.ResultsIncreased neural response was observed in the right amygdala for pre-attentively presented angry and happy faces in maltreated v. non-maltreated children. Level of amygdala activation was negatively associated with age at onset for several abuse subtypes.ConclusionsMaltreatment is associated with heightened neural response to positive and negative facial affect, even to stimuli outside awareness. This may represent a latent neural risk factor for future psychiatric disorder.

scholarly journals Attitudes of the general population to psychiatric and physical illness

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Lawrie
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Clinical Vignette ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Negative Attitudes

Aims and methodThe attitudes of members of the general population to people with psychiatric and physical illnesses were examined. We took a random sample of 280 members of the general population listed in the phone directory and sent them a brief clinical vignette about a neighbour with either schizophrenia, depression, diabetes or no illness.ResultsOnly 103 (41%) of the surveyed general population responded. Some unsolicited comments revealed negative attitudes from a small number of subjects. There were, however, no statistically significant differences in general attitudes to sufferers of psychiatric and physical illnesses suggestive of discrimination against the former. Indeed, respondents showed a general tendency to be more supportive of a neighbour with any illness than to those without. In a sub-analysis, however, those who knew someone with schizophrenia were significantly less likely to be sympathetic towards them.Clinical implicationsWe have not detected any general stigmatisation of those with psychiatric disorders, but our results may be attributable to response bias. Discrimination against those with psychiatric disorder may be limited to a relatively small sector of society or may only be manifest in relatively close relationships.

scholarly journals Consultant child and adolescent psychiatrists' knowledge of and attitude to the use of legislation concerning young people with psychiatric disorder

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Mears ◽  
Richard White ◽  
Paul Lelliott
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Questionnaire Form ◽  
Main Message ◽  
Better Than

Aims and MethodThis study aimed to examine in-patient child and adolescent consultant psychiatrists' knowledge of and attitude to the Mental Health Act 1983 (MHA), the Children Act 1989 and issues around consent. A questionnaire form was sent to all in-patient consultants in England and Wales.ResultsThe consultants who responded (n=51, 67%) reported a desire for more training in legal issues. Knowledge of the MHA was better than for the Children Act 1989; those who used the MHA at least once every 6 months scored more correct answers to questions about the MHA than did those who used it less frequently or never.Clinical ImplicationsAlthough the study indicates specific gaps in knowledge, the main message is that training should consider the legal framework as a whole, with an emphasis on practical issues about its application in the in-patient setting.

Outcome of alcoholism in old age

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Alcohol Dependent ◽  
Current Alcohol

AbstractObjective:This retrospective study describes the follow-up of a birth cohort of alcohol dependent patients as they enter old age. The aim is to define the global outcome of survivors by combining a measure of current drinking behaviour with ratings for depression and dementia.Methods:A series of 100 referrals to a regional unit for alcohol misuse in Bristol, England, were followed up at a mean of 13 years after first referral for treatment. Survivors were traced when they were aged between 67 and 77 years. At follow-up interview, subjects were screened for current alcohol problems, depression and dementia.Results:The mortality rate in the cohort was raised significantly. Almost one third of survivors had depressive symptoms at follow-up and rates of global dementia were higher than expected in an aged-matched sample of the general population. However, the majority of survivors were classified as having an intermediate global outcome with less than 10% having a poor outcome.Conclusions:The high rates of mortality and psychiatric morbidity observed in this cohort illustrate the importance of detecting alcohol problems in the elderly. Further prospective studies are necessary to validate these findings in a community sample of older people.

scholarly journals Psychiatric comorbidities in people with epilepsy

2020 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Mula ◽  
Andres M Kanner ◽  
Nathalie Jette ◽  
Josemir W. Sander
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

ABSTRACTPurposeof review: To review the latest evidence concerning the epidemiology, clinical implications and management of psychiatric disorders in epilepsy.Recent findings:People with epilepsy have a 2 to 5 times increased risk of developing any psychiatric disorder and 1 in 3 patients with epilepsy have a lifetime psychiatric diagnosis. Psychiatric comorbidities represent a poor prognostic marker as they have been associated with a poor response to treatment (drugs and surgery), increased morbidity and mortality. Validated screening instruments are available for mood and anxiety disorders in adults as well as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with epilepsy.Summary:All patients with epilepsy should be routinely screened for psychiatric disorder at the onset and at least once a year. Patients with epilepsy and their relatives should be informed of the risk of mental health problems and the implications.

scholarly journals Anxiety, Significant Losses, Depression, and Irrational Beliefs in First-Offence Shoplifters

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Lamontagne ◽  
Richard Boyer ◽  
Céline ILL Hétu ◽  
Céline Lacerte-Lamontagne
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Objective: To evaluate the relationship among demographic data, anxiety, significant losses, depression, and irrational beliefs reported by first-offence shoplifters. Method: One hundred and six adult shoplifters who were first-time offenders completed a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Men and women were equally likely to be arrested for this offence. The majority of offenders were poor and unemployed. Depression, but not anxiety, was the most common psychiatric disorder associated with shoplifting. Subjects with depression presented the greatest number of irrational beliefs related to shoplifting. Conclusions: The authors suggest 2 categories of shoplifters: those who shoplift through rational choice; and those for whom shoplifting is a response to depression or leads to the fulfilment of some psychological needs. In conclusion, shoplifting does not have a unitary motive, and the clinical implications are that the affective and cognitive aspects of shoplifters' behaviours must be taken into account.

Psychiatric Disability in Ontario

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 564-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Goering ◽  
Elizabeth Lin ◽  
Dugal Campbell ◽  
Michael H Boyle ◽  
David R Offord
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Psychiatric Disability ◽  
Life Domains ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorders ◽  
Service Need

Objective To describe the disability associated with psychiatric disorder in a community sample in order to refine estimates of service need and identify subgroups with greater priority for intervention. Method Disability is conceptualized broadly as performance difficulties, troubled relationships, and dissatisfaction in various life domains. Data from the Mental Health Supplement are used to compare disability between those with and without disorder and among various subtypes of disorder. Results Although the majority of those with disorder do not report disability, their difficulties with functioning are far greater than for the rest of the population. Those with comorbid or affective disorders typically have more disability than those with anxiety or substance abuse disorders. Conclusions Society needs to recognize the high human and economic costs associated with the prevalence of psychiatric disorder. Assessments of service need and decisions about priorities should take both disorder and disability into consideration.

One-Year Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorder in Ontarians 15 to 64 Years of Age

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R Offord ◽  
Michael H Boyle ◽  
Dugal Campbell ◽  
Paula Goering ◽  
Elizabeth Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Health Budget ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

Objective: To present the one-year prevalence of 14 psychiatric disorders in a community sample of Ontarians aged 15 to 64 years. Method: Data on psychiatric disorders were collected on 9953 respondents using the University of Michigan revision of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (UM-CIDI). DSM-III-R criteria were used to define the psychiatric disorders. Results: Almost 1 in 5 Ontarians (18.6%) had one or more of the disorders measured in the survey. Among 15- to 24-year-olds, 1 in 4 was affected. The distribution of individual disorders varied by sex and age. Conclusion: Because of the immense burden of suffering associated with psychiatric disorders, clinical and research efforts in this area should receive high priority within the health budget.

scholarly journals Should old age psychiatry develop memory clinics? A comparison with domiciliary work

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Simpson ◽  
D. Beavis ◽  
J. Dyer ◽  
S. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Memory Clinic ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Memory Clinics ◽  
Old Age Psychiatry ◽  
Psychiatric Complications ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Case Note Review

Aims and MethodMemory clinics have become very popular in old age psychiatry and there is some pressure for them to be developed in old age services. However, there is little evidence to suggest that they are more advantageous over the traditional domiciliary visits or who should be seen in clinic. This was a naturalistic comparison of 76 consecutive new referrals to a memory clinic, with 74 consecutive new domiciliary requests within the same service over the same period of time. A retrospective case note review collected the clinical features and an 18-month prospective follow-up examined the subsequent clinical management.Clinical ImplicationsThe two groups were characterised more by their similarities than their differences. However, the domiciliary group had greater behavioural and psychological complications. The memory clinic patients were less likely to receive psychotropic medication and here more likely to be followed up.ResultsWe conclude that memory clinics might be less suitable for patients with prominent psychiatric complications. Memory clinics could complement the domiciliary model by providing early psychosocial/neuropsychiatric approaches, although this is likely to lead to an increased clinical case-load.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document