scholarly journals Assessment of the Treatment of Textile Mill Effluent Using UASB Reactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
A Arshad ◽  
N.H Hashim ◽  
A.K Kashif ◽  
A Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Textile Mill ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration

This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of the treatment of actual textile mill effluent using a upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The main objective of this study was to generate design aids; in terms of organic loading rate (OLR), hydraulic retention time (HRT) versus chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour removal in the textile effluent using a UASB reactor at neutral pH and constant mesophilic temperature. The COD, colour and total suspended solids concentration of the textile wastes used in the study were analyzed as 5440 mg/l, 3280 mg/l, 2320 units and 955 mg/l, respectively. The UASB reactor was started up by gradually increasing the OLR from 0.2 kg-COD/m3-day to 2.6 kg-COD/m3-day in order to prevent an organic shock to the reactor. Similarly, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was slowly reduced from 58 h to 8 h to prevent the wash-out of sludge from the reactor. It was observed that more than 80% of COD and colour could be effectively removed at an OLR of 2.2 kg-m3/d and HRT of 20 h. At optimum operating conditions, the effluent volatile fatty acid concentration was observed to be 430 mg/l. The average biogas production observed during this study was 0.34 l/g-CODremoved and it was composed of 58% methane. During the course of maturity of granular sludge, its effective size and settling velocity were observed to increase exponentially as 0.261e0.051x and 1.91e0.017x respectively. The overall observed biomass yield (Yobs) for the experimental period was calculated as 0.049 g-VSS/g-CODrem. This study suggests that the use of a UASB reactor for textile mill effluent is a fairly feasible and viable option. 

Degradation of 3-Nitrophenol with Sodium Acetate as Co-Substrate in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 1153-1156
Author(s):  
Zong Lian She ◽  
Lei Lei Li ◽  
Ying Jie Zhu ◽  
Tian Xie ◽  
Li Na Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The effects on degrading 3-nitrophenol (3-NP) with sodium acetate as co-substrate under the conditions of laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was investigated at an operating temperature of 35±1°C in this study. The results showed that the optimum influent 3-NP concentration was 71.6mg/L when keeping influent COD concentration for 2500 mg/L and hydraulic retention time (HRT) for 30 h. At the stage of reducing influent COD concentration, all of the 3-NP removal rates were more than 95%; while the conversion rate of 3-aminophenol (3-AP) decreased from 61.4% to 0.2%. Meanwhile, the reduction of HRT also had significantly effects on the treatment effect of 3-NP. With the decreases of HRT, COD removal dropped to 49.7% from 82.7%.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic behavior of a lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) operated with an adopted hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 hours

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1139-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aguinaldo Menegassi Pereira Lourenço ◽  
Cláudio Milton Montenegro Campos
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Hydrodynamic Behavior ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Hydrodynamic Parameters ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The present research was carried out in the Laboratory of Water Analysis at the Engineering Department at Federal University of Lavras (LWAED-UFLA), in order to evaluate the hydrodynamic behavior of a lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) that was continuously fed with liquid effluent from swine manure with solid separation over 2mm. The hydrodynamic parameters were determined by a tracer study, under hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 hours, using Lithium Chloride (LiCl) as a tracer. The system was monitored periodically through physical analysis of samples collected at UASB, during the steady-state operational conditions. The physical-chemical analyses were accomplished using a flame photometry. The operational average temperature in the UASB reactor was 23.9ºC .The UASB hydrodynamic parameters determined were: average residence time (<img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v33n4/t4_barra.gif" align="absmiddle">) of 38.3 h, number of dispersion d= 0.27, and the flow type was characterized as dispersed flow of great intensity. This research is of great importance due to the fact that the scaling-up of biological reactors is based on the hydrodynamic behavior, through which the bacterial kinetic is directly influenced, as reported by Saleh (2004).

Alternative biological systems for the treatment of vinasse from wine

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2899-2904 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vlyssides ◽  
E. M. Barampouti ◽  
S. Mai ◽  
A. Stamatoglou ◽  
E. Tsimas
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Environmental Technology ◽  
Ferrous Sulfide ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
System 1

This work studied alternative treatment schemes for the vinasse wastewater from wine distilleries aiming at overcoming the problems caused by the high nitrogen and sulfur concentrations. A plexiglas laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor of 20 L volume that was operated at 45°C and hydraulic retention time 1 d, was included in all the examined systems. System 1 was the conventional UASB reactor, system 2 was the UASB reactor supplemented with iron. System 3 consisted of the UASB reactor supplemented with iron and a CSTR reactor that operated under the following conditions: Diluted Oxygen 1.2 mg/L, Hydraulic Retention Time 1 d, pH 6.7 and Temperature 45°C. System 3 aimed at converting ammonium directly to dinitrogen gas under anaerobic conditions but it needed to be preceeded by a first partial nitrification step. All systems had high COD efficiencies over 75%. Ferrous iron addition apart from enhancing the performance of systems 2 and 3, it was able to retain all sulphur content of the wastewater as ferrous sulfide stripping the biogas from hydrogen sulfide. System 3 also managed to meet its goal, since it achieved an 86% nitrogen reduction. Conclusively, system 3 seems to be a very promising environmental technology for the treatment of distillery and winery byproducts, as well as industrial wastewater with high sulfur and nitrogen content.

scholarly journals The effect of operational conditions on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the sludge bed in UASB reactors

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1935-1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Leitão ◽  
S. T. Santaellla ◽  
A. C. van Haandel ◽  
G. Zeeman ◽  
G. Lettinga
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Uasb Reactors

This work aims to evaluate the hydrodynamic properties of the sludge bed of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactors based on its settleability and expansion characteristics. The methodologies used for the evaluation of the settleability of aerobic activated sludge, and for the expansibility of a sludge bed of Expanded Granular Sludge Bed reactors and Fluidised Bed Reactors were adapted and applied to the particular characteristics of the sludge of UASB reactors. An easy-to-build experimental set-up was developed to assess the parameters necessary for the equations of settleability and of expansibility. The results obtained from the sludges of seven differently operated reactors show that, for the treatment of low strength wastewater, settleability increased and expansibility decreased at decreased hydraulic retention time, from 6 to 1 h, and/or increased influent concentrations, from 136 to approximately 800 mg chemical oxygen demand/L. The results also show that it is useless to design an UASB reactor with a longer hydraulic retention time to cope with hydraulic shock loads, as a more expansible sludge will develop at such condition.

Nitrite reduction and methanogenesis in a single-stage UASB reactor

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 2236-2242 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Borges ◽  
C. M. López-Vazquez ◽  
H. García ◽  
J. B. van Lier
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Nitrite Reduction ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
N Removal

In this study, nitrite reduction and methanogenesis in a single-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was investigated, using high-strength synthetic domestic wastewater as substrate. To assess long-term effects and evaluate the mechanisms that allow successful nitrite reduction and methanogenesis in a single-stage UASB, sludge was exposed to relatively high nitrite loading rates (315 ± 13 mgNO2−-N/(l.d)), using a chemical oxygen demand (COD) to nitrogen ratio of 18 gCOD/gNO2−-N, and an organic loading rate of 5.4 ± 0.2 gCOD/(l.d). In parallel, the effects of sludge morphology on methanogenesis inhibition were studied by performing short-term batch activity tests at different COD/NO2−-N ratios with anaerobic sludge samples. In long-term tests, denitrification was practically complete and COD removal efficiency did not change significantly after nitrite addition. Furthermore, methane production only decreased by 13%, agreeing with the reducing equivalents requirement for complete NO2− reduction to N2. Apparently, the spatial separation of denitrification and methanogenesis zones inside the UASB reactor allowed nitrite reduction and methanogenesis to occur at the same moment. Batch tests showed that granules seem to protect methanogens from nitrite inhibition, probably due to transport limitations. Combined COD and N removal via nitrite in a single-stage UASB reactor could be a feasible technology to treat high-strength domestic wastewater.

Open trickling filter: an innovative, cheap and simple form of post-treatment of sanitary effluents from anaerobic reactors in small communities

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Vieira ◽  
M. von Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Capital Costs

We aimed to evaluate the performance and cost savings of an innovative design of a trickling filter (TF) for small population sizes, developed at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil referred to as an open trickling filter (OTF). The OTF had no side walls and no perforated bottom slab, and was applied for the post-treatment of sanitary sewage from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The OTF had crushed-stone packing (3.5 m high) and was operated with an average surface hydraulic loading rate of 4.1 m3 m−2 d−1 and an average volumetric organic loading rate of 0.10 kg BOD m−3 d−1 (biochemical oxygen demand). The average concentrations obtained at the OTF effluent were 48 mg TSS L−1 (total suspended solids), 132 mg COD L−1 (chemical oxygen demand), 51 mg BOD L−1, 19 mg TKN L−1 (total Kjeldahl nitrogen), 16 mg NH4+-N L−1 and 10 mg NO3−-N L−1, complying with local discharge standards. Analysis of the construction costs indicated savings of 74% compared to conventional TF. Based on the performance, compactness, simplicity and reduced capital costs, it is believed that the proposed OTF is a good alternative for small communities, especially in developing countries.

Toxicity and treatability of leachate: application of UASB reactor for leachate treatment from Okhla landfill, New Delhi

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 1887-1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Singh ◽  
A. K. Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Laboratory Scale Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

This study reports applicability of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process to treat the leachate from a municipal landfill located in Delhi. A laboratory scale reactor was operated at an organic loading rate of 3.00 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/m3 d corresponding to a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 h for over 8 months. The effect of toxicity of leachate, and feed composition on the treatability of leachate was evaluated. Average COD of the leachate, during the study period varied between 8,880 and 66,420 mg/l. Toxicity of the leachate used during a period of 8 months varied from LC50 1.22 to 12.35 for 96 h. The removal efficiency of soluble COD ranged between 91 and 67% for fresh leachate and decreased drastically from 90 to 35% for old leachate having high toxicity. The efficiency varied from 81 to 65%. The reactor performed more efficiently for the treatment of fresh leachate (less toxic, LC50 11.64, 12.35, and 12.15 for 96 h) as compared with old leachate (more toxic, LC50 1.22 for 96 h). Toxicity of the leachate affected its treatment potential by the UASB.

Treatment of a chocolate industry wastewater in a pilot-scale low-temperature UASB reactor operated at short hydraulic and sludge retention time

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1353-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Esparza-Soto ◽  
O. Arzate-Archundia ◽  
C. Solís-Morelos ◽  
C. Fall
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Sludge Retention Time ◽  
Industry Wastewater

The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of a 244-L pilot-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor during the treatment of chocolate-processing industry wastewater under low-temperature conditions (18 ± 0.6 °C) for approximately 250 d. The applied organic loading rate (OLR) was varied between 4 and 7 kg/m3/d by varying the influent soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODsol), while keeping the hydraulic retention time constant (6.4 ± 0.3 h). The CODsol removal efficiency was low (59–78%). The measured biogas production increased from 240 ± 54 to 431 ± 61 L/d during the experiments. A significant linear correlation between the measured biogas production and removed OLR indicated that 81.69 L of biogas were produced per kg/m3 of CODsol removed. Low average reactor volatile suspended solids (VSS) (2,700–4,800 mg/L) and high effluent VSS (177–313 mg/L) were derived in a short sludge retention time (SRT) (4.9 d). The calculated SRT was shorter than those reported in the literature, but did not affect the reactor's performance. Average sludge yield was 0.20 kg-VSS/kg-CODsol. The low-temperature anaerobic treatment was a good option for the pre-treatment of chocolate-processing industry wastewater.

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