scholarly journals Scientific Opinion on the review on the risk for human and animal health related to the revision of the BSE monitoring regime in three EU Member States

EFSA Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Scientific Opinion

Determination of nivalenol in food and feed: an update

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Malachova ◽  
H.P. van Egmond ◽  
F. Berthiller ◽  
R. Krska
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxin ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Interlaboratory Validation ◽  
Scientific Opinion ◽  
Accurate Quantification

Based on the recent scientific opinion published by the EFSA CONTAM panel on the risks to human and animal health related to the presence of nivalenol in food and feed, this article provides an update on the determination of this Fusarium mycotoxin. After a brief introduction into the chemistry of nivalenol, chromatographic methods as well as other approaches are being discussed. Methods for the determination of nivalenol are well established and can be applied for the analysis of cereals, food, feed and biological samples. Accurate quantification of nivalenol is mostly carried out by liquid chromatography coupled with (multi-stage) mass spectrometry (MS) often within a multi-analyte approach. Some novel techniques, such as direct analysis in real time (DART) MS and electrochemical methods, have shown potential to determine nivalenol, but applications for routine measurements are not yet available. None of the currently available analytical methods has been formally validated in interlaboratory validation studies. While a certified calibrant for nivalenol is available, no matrix reference materials have been developed. Due to the scarcity of appropriate antibodies also no rapid immunochemical methods specific for nivalenol have become available.

scholarly journals Assessment Of EU’ Economic and Health Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic Within the Framework of Liberal Intergovernmentalism And Neofunctionalism Theoretical Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Trivun Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Collective Response ◽  
Liberal Intergovernmentalism ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Response Measures ◽  
Supranational Institutions ◽  
The Eu

The principle aim of this article is to analyze EU’s response to the covid-19 pandemic within the ambit of measures incorporated to tackle the economic fallout and health-related problems. The article makes use of two important theories of European integration, i.e., liberal intergovernmentalism and neofunctionalism in its explanatory capacity to describe actions taken by both the member states and the supranational institutions in mitigating the adverse effects of the pandemic. The article argues that while no one theory completely explains the European response to the pandemic, both the theories offer different perspectives in how the EU member states reacted, within the power of their national capabilities and the collective response measures initiated at the level of EU supranational institutions.

scholarly journals Active animal health surveillance in European Union Member States: gaps and opportunities

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 802-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. BISDORFF ◽  
B. SCHAUER ◽  
N. TAYLOR ◽  
V. RODRÍGUEZ-PRIETO ◽  
A. COMIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Member States ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Hazard Surveillance ◽  
Freedom From Disease ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYAnimal health surveillance enables the detection and control of animal diseases including zoonoses. Under the EU-FP7 project RISKSUR, a survey was conducted in 11 EU Member States and Switzerland to describe active surveillance components in 2011 managed by the public or private sector and identify gaps and opportunities. Information was collected about hazard, target population, geographical focus, legal obligation, management, surveillance design, risk-based sampling, and multi-hazard surveillance. Two countries were excluded due to incompleteness of data. Most of the 664 components targeted cattle (26·7%), pigs (17·5%) or poultry (16·0%). The most common surveillance objectives were demonstrating freedom from disease (43·8%) and case detection (26·8%). Over half of components applied risk-based sampling (57·1%), but mainly focused on a single population stratum (targeted risk-based) rather than differentiating between risk levels of different strata (stratified risk-based). About a third of components were multi-hazard (37·3%). Both risk-based sampling and multi-hazard surveillance were used more frequently in privately funded components. The study identified several gaps (e.g. lack of systematic documentation, inconsistent application of terminology) and opportunities (e.g. stratified risk-based sampling). The greater flexibility provided by the new EU Animal Health Law means that systematic evaluation of surveillance alternatives will be required to optimize cost-effectiveness.

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