scholarly journals Risk assessment of the oriental chestnut gall wasp,Dryocosmus kuriphilusfor the EU territory and identification and evaluation of risk management options

EFSA Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals 434 Environmental Risk Assessment—A Nutrient Management Planning Strategy For Nursery and Greenhouse Systems

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 468C-468
Author(s):  
John D. Lea-Cox
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Nutrient Runoff

In 1998, the state of Maryland adopted some of the toughest nutrient management planning regulations in the Nation, requiring virtually all agricultural operations plan and implement nitrogen and phosphorus-based management plans by Dec. 2002. The nursery and greenhouse industry is faced with a far more complicated nutrient management planning process than traditional agronomic planning scenarios. Factors include a large number (>500) of plant species, various fertilization and irrigation strategies, with crop cycles ranging from 6 weeks (bedding plants) to upwards of 15 years for some tree species in field production, often with a lack of knowledge of specific nutrient uptake rates and utilization. In addition, unique infrastructural and site characteristics that contribute to water and nutrient runoff from each nursery contribute to a multitude of variables that should be considered in the planning process. The challenge was to identify a simple, effective process for nutrient management planning that would a) provide an accurate assessment of nutrient loss potential from this wide variety of production scenarios, b) identify those specific factors that contribute most to nutrient leaching and runoff, and c) provide a mechanism to economically assess the various risk management (mitigation) scenarios. This risk assessment process provides information on a number of fixed (site) and dynamic (management) variables for soils/substrates, irrigation and fertilization practices, together with any surface water management systems (e.g. containment ponds, riparian buffers). When all the risk factors for a nursery are evaluated and scored, the complete picture of risk assessment then emerges. By identifying higher risk factors and evaluating different risk management options, the grower and/or nutrient management planner can then choose economic alternatives to reduce the potential for nutrient runoff.

“Risk” in fisheries management: a review

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1699-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICC Francis ◽  
R Shotton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Precautionary Approach ◽  
Alternative Management ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Two Stages

``Risk'' has appeared more frequently in the fisheries management literature in recent years. The reasons for this are partly internal (scientists seeking better ways to advise fishery managers) and partly external (e.g., adoption of the precautionary approach). Though terminology varies, there is consensus that there are two stages in dealing with risk. The first (here called risk assessment) is the formulation of advice for fisheries managers in a way that conveys the possible consequences of uncertainty. This advice is in the form of an evaluation of the expected effects of alternative management options, rather than recommendations. Risk assessment has been undertaken in many fisheries, and there is general agreement as to how it should be done (although technical details differ). The second stage (risk management) is the way fishery managers take uncertainty into account in making decisions. Much fisheries risk management is informal, i.e., nonquantitative, undocumented, and loosely linked (if at all) with a risk assessment. The major reason for this is that the objectives of fisheries management are often conflicting and are rarely stated in a way that provides explicit direction to managers or scientists.

Fate of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Southern Rock Lobster (Jasus edwardsii) during Cooking: Concentration, Composition, and Distribution

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Turnbull ◽  
Navreet Malhi ◽  
Jessica Tan ◽  
D. Tim Harwood ◽  
Thomas Madigan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Alexandrium Tamarense ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Rock Lobster ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Jasus Edwardsii

ABSTRACTParalytic shellfish toxin (PST) producing microalgal blooms have a significant economic impact on the Southern Rock Lobster (Jasus edwardsii) fishery in Tasmania, Australia. The regulatory level of 0.8 mg of saxitoxin (STX) eq/kg in place for bivalve shellfish fisheries is applied to lobster hepatopancreas during blooms of toxic algae, resulting in harvest closures and ongoing risk management implications for the fishery. This cooking study was undertaken to inform a human health risk assessment, in conjunction with studies on the uptake and elimination of PST in J. edwardsii. Live lobsters in tanks were contaminated through consumption of PST-containing mussels harvested during an Alexandrium tamarense Group 1 bloom event. This resulted in a mean lobster hepatopancreas level of 2.83 ± 0.84 mg of STX·2HCl eq/kg. Other edible tissues contained negligible concentrations of toxin. PST concentrations in all tissues did not significantly change after boiling or steaming, although the amount of hepatopancreas available for consumption did decrease significantly with both cooking methods, because the tissue became more dispersed, resulting in an overall reduction in the toxin exposure per hepatopancreas consumed. The toxin profile was dominated by STX; gonyautoxin 2, 3; N-sulfocarbamoyl-gonyautoxin 2, 3 (C1,2); and gonyautoxin 5. No significant changes to the toxin profile were observed after either of the cooking methods. Pâté, bisque, and soufflé prepared from the hepatopancreas of toxic lobsters contained negligible levels of PST in each serving; on average, a serving of pâté contained 0.01 mg of STX·2HCl eq, whereas a serving of bisque or soufflé contained <0.01 mg of STX·2HCl eq. The findings of this study will inform a risk assessment of PST in J. edwardsii to determine risk management options for this fishery in Australia.

Novel Foods and Risk Assessment in Europe

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Information Model ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
Science Information ◽  
The Eu

In the 2015 revision of the EU Novel Foods Regulation, risk assessment processes remain separated from those of risk management in the regulation of novel foods. This chapter examines why this structure has emerged in Europe, and shows how both legal and political constraints ruled out a more integrated model. Although the European Commission has been strongly supportive of the science information model that emerges under the European Food Safety Authority, the chapter argues that ‘ring fencing’ questions of scientific risk assessment has proved problematic, as has excluding from that assessment wider factors that might inform it. This chapter then reviews the resultant difficulties across three areas of technology, the food products of which are regarded as novel under the Regulation: cloning, genetic modification, and nanotechnology.

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